As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 19, 2008
Securities Act File No. 333-149374
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Amendment No. 2 to
Form N-2
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
FS INVESTMENT CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)
Cira Centre
2929 Arch Street, Suite 675
Philadelphia, PA 19104-2867
(215) 495-1150
(Address and telephone number, including area code, of principal executive offices)
Michael C. Forman
FS Investment Corporation
Cira Centre
2929 Arch Street, Suite 675
Philadelphia, PA 19104-2867
(Name and address of agent for service)
COPIES TO:
Steven B. Boehm, Esq. Cynthia M. Krus, Esq. Sutherland Asbill & Brennan LLP 1275 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20004-2415 Tel: (202) 383-0100 Fax: (202) 637-3593 |
Rosemarie A. Thurston, Esq. Alston & Bird LLP 1201 West Peachtree Street Atlanta, GA 30309-3424 Tel: (404) 881-7000 Fax: (404) 253-8447 |
Approximate date of proposed public offering: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If any securities being registered on this form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, other than securities offered in connection with a distribution reinvestment plan, check the following box. x
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box): x when declared effective pursuant to section 8(a).
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Title of Securities Being Registered | Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price(1) |
Amount of Registration Fee(2) | ||
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share |
$1,500,000,000 | $58,950 | ||
(1) | Estimated pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933 solely for the purpose of determining the registration fee. |
(2) | Previously Paid. |
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED , 2008
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS
Maximum Offering of 150,000,000 Shares of Common Stock
Minimum Offering of 250,000 Shares of Common Stock
We are a newly organized specialty finance company that intends to provide debt and equity financing to small and middle market private U.S. companies. Our investment objectives are to generate current income and, to a lesser extent, long-term capital appreciation.
Upon the commencement of this offering, we will be an externally managed, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company that has elected to be treated as a business development company under the Investment Company Act of 1940. We intend to elect to be treated for federal income tax purposes, and to qualify annually thereafter, as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. We will be managed by FB Income Advisor, LLC, or FB Advisor, a private investment firm that is registered as an investment adviser with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is an affiliate of ours. FB Advisor oversees the management of our activities and is responsible for making investment decisions for our portfolio. FB Advisor has engaged GSO Debt Funds Management LLC, a subsidiary of GSO Capital Partners LP to act as a sub-adviser.
Through our affiliate, FS2 Capital Partners, LLC, or the dealer manager, we are offering up to 150,000,000 shares of common stock in this offering at an initial offering price of $10.00 per share. The dealer manager is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of shares but will use its best efforts to sell the shares offered. The minimum permitted purchase is $5,000 in shares of our common stock. We will not sell any shares unless we raise gross offering proceeds of $2.5 million from persons who are not affiliated with us or FB Advisor by one year from the date of this prospectus, which we refer to as the minimum offering requirement. Pending satisfaction of this condition, all subscription payments will be placed in an account held by the escrow agent, UMB Bank, N.A., in trust for our subscribers benefit, pending release to us. If we do not raise gross offering proceeds of $2.5 million by one year from the date of this prospectus, we will promptly return all funds in the escrow account (including interest), and we will stop offering shares. We will not deduct any fees or expenses if we return funds from the escrow account.
After meeting the minimum offering requirement, we will then sell our shares on a continuous basis at a price of $10.00; however, to the extent that our net asset value increases, we will sell at a price necessary to ensure that shares are not sold at a price, after deduction of selling commissions and dealer manager fees, that is below net asset value. Therefore, persons who tender subscriptions for shares of our common stock in this offering must submit subscriptions for a certain dollar amount, rather than a number of shares of common stock and, as a result, may receive fractional shares of our common stock. We intend to file post-effective amendments to this registration statement, which are subject to SEC review, to allow us to continue this offering for at least two years.
This is our initial public offering, and no public market exists for our shares. We do not currently intend to list our shares on an exchange and do not expect a public trading market to develop for them in the foreseeable future, although we intend to seek to complete a liquidity event between five and seven years following the completion of our offering stage. Therefore, if you purchase shares you will have limited liquidity. See Share Repurchase Program and Liquidity Strategy.
Investing in our common stock may be considered speculative and involves a high degree of risk, including the risk of a substantial loss of investment. See Risk Factors beginning on page 24 to read about the risks you should consider before buying shares of our common stock including the risk of leverage.
This prospectus contains important information about us that a prospective investor should know before investing in our common stock. Please read this prospectus before investing and keep it for future reference. Upon completion of this offering, we will file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information about us with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. This information will be available free of charge by contacting us at 2929 Arch Street, Suite 675, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-2867 or by telephone at (215) 495-1150 or on our website at www.fsinvestmentcorp.com. The SEC also maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains such information.
Neither the SEC, the Attorney General of the State of New York nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. Except as specifically required by the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and regulations thereunder, the use of forecasts is prohibited and any representation to the contrary and any predictions, written or oral, as to the amount or certainty of any present or future cash benefit or tax consequence which may flow from an investment in our common stock is not permitted.
Per Share | Total Minimum | Total Maximum | |||||||
Price to Public(1) |
$ | 10.00 | $ | 2,500,000 | $ | 1,500,000,000 | |||
Selling Commissions |
$ | 0.70 | $ | 175,000 | $ | 105,000,000 | |||
Dealer Manager Fee |
$ | 0.30 | $ | 75,000 | $ | 45,000,000 | |||
Net Proceeds (Before Expenses)(2) |
$ | 9.00 | $ | 2,250,000 | $ | 1,350,000,000 |
(1) | Assumes all shares are sold at the initial offering price per share. |
(2) | We estimate that we will incur approximately $125,000 of expenses in connection with this offering if the minimum number of common shares is sold and approximately $22.5 million of expenses if the maximum number of common shares is sold. |
The date of this prospectus is , 2008.
FS2 Capital Partners, LLC
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC, using a continuous offering process. Periodically, as we make material investments or have other material developments, we will provide a prospectus supplement that may add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. We will endeavor to avoid interruptions in the continuous offering of our shares of common stock, including, to the extent permitted under the rules and regulations of the SEC, filing an amendment to the registration statement with the SEC if our net asset value declines more than ten percent from our net asset value as of the effective date of this registration statement. There can be no assurance, however, that our continuous offering will not be suspended while the SEC reviews such amendment, until it is declared effective.
Any statement that we make in this prospectus will be modified or superseded by any inconsistent statement made by us in a subsequent prospectus supplement. The registration statement we filed with the SEC includes exhibits that provide more detailed descriptions of the matters discussed in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and the related exhibits filed with the SEC and any prospectus supplement, together with additional information described below under Available Information. In this prospectus, we use the term day to refer to a calendar day, and we use the term business day to refer to any day other than Saturday, Sunday, a legal holiday or a day on which banks in New York City are authorized or required to close.
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. Neither we, nor the dealer manager have authorized any other person to provide you with different information from that contained in this prospectus. The information contained in this prospectus is complete and accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or sale of our common stock. If there is a material change in the affairs of our company, we will amend or supplement this prospectus.
For information on the suitability standards that investors must meet in order to purchase shares of our common stock in this offering, see Suitability Standards.
i
PAGE | ||
i | ||
1 | ||
14 | ||
COMPENSATION OF THE DEALER MANAGER AND THE INVESTMENT ADVISER |
16 | |
20 | ||
24 | ||
42 | ||
43 | ||
44 | ||
45 | ||
52 | ||
55 | ||
71 | ||
74 | ||
79 | ||
81 | ||
90 | ||
91 | ||
93 | ||
95 | ||
96 | ||
104 | ||
109 | ||
113 | ||
117 | ||
LIQUIDITY STRATEGY | 118 | |
119 | ||
CUSTODIAN, TRANSFER AND DISTRIBUTION PAYING AGENT AND REGISTRAR |
121 | |
121 | ||
121 | ||
121 | ||
121 | ||
122 | ||
F-1 | ||
A-1 |
This summary highlights some of the information in this prospectus. It is not complete and may not contain all of the information that you may want to consider. To understand this offering fully, you should read the entire prospectus carefully, including the section entitled Risk Factors, before making a decision to invest in our common stock.
Unless otherwise noted, the terms we, us, our and FS Investment Corporation refer to FS Investment Corporation. In addition, the term FB Advisor refers to FB Income Advisor, LLC, the term GDFM refers to GSO Debt Funds Management LLC, a subsidiary of GSO Capital Partners LP, the term GSO refers to GSO Capital Partners LP and the term GSO Group refers to GSO, GDFM and other affiliated entities that invest in assets similar to GSO and GDFM.
FS Investment Corporation
We are a newly organized, externally managed, non-diversified closed-end management investment company that has elected to be treated as a business development company, or BDC, under the Investment Company Act of 1940, or the 1940 Act. As such, we are required to comply with certain regulatory requirements. We will be managed by FB Income Advisor, LLC, or FB Advisor, a registered investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, or the Advisers Act, which oversees the management of our activities and is responsible for making investment decisions for our portfolio. FB Advisor has engaged GSO Debt Funds Management LLC, or GDFM, to act as our investment sub-adviser. GDFM will assist FB Advisor with identifying investment opportunities and will make investment recommendations for approval by FB Advisor, according to asset allocation and other guidelines set by FB Advisor. GDFM, a registered investment adviser under the Advisers Act, is a subsidiary of GSO Capital Partners LP, or GSO, which oversees $22.0 billion in assets under management as of March 10, 2008. GSO is the global credit platform of The Blackstone Group L.P. We intend to elect to be treated for federal income tax purposes, and intend to qualify annually thereafter, as a regulated investment company, or RIC, under the Code.
Our investment objectives are to generate current income and, to a lesser extent, long-term capital appreciation. We will seek to meet our investment objectives by:
| leveraging the experience and expertise of FB Advisor and GDFM in sourcing, evaluating and structuring transactions; |
| focusing primarily on debt investments in small and middle market private U.S. companies, which we define as companies with annual revenue of $10 million to $500 million at the time of investment. We believe such a focus offers an opportunity for superior risk-adjusted returns; |
| identifying portfolio companies with experienced management teams; and |
| maintaining rigorous portfolio monitoring. |
We anticipate that our portfolio will be comprised primarily of investments in senior secured loans, second lien loans and subordinated loans, which we refer to as mezzanine loans, of private, U.S., small and middle market companies. In connection with our debt investments, we may receive equity interests such as warrants or options as additional consideration. We may also purchase minority interests in the form of common or preferred equity in our target companies, either in conjunction with one of our debt investments or through a co-investment with a financial sponsor. Once we raise sufficient capital, we expect that our investments will generally range between $5 million and $25 million each, although investments may vary as the size of our capital base changes and will ultimately be at the discretion of FB Advisor subject to oversight by our board of directors. Prior to raising sufficient capital, we may make smaller investments subject to liquidity constraints. To enhance our opportunity for gain, we intend to employ leverage as market conditions permit and at the discretion of FB Advisor, but in no event will leverage employed exceed 50% of the value of our assets as required by the 1940 Act.
We do not currently intend to list our securities on an exchange and do not expect a public market to develop for them in the foreseeable future, although we intend to seek to complete a liquidity event between five
1
and seven years following the completion of our offering stage. We will view our offering stage as complete as of the termination date of our most recent public equity offering, if we have not conducted a public equity offering in any continuous two year period. See Liquidity Strategy for a discussion of what constitutes a liquidity event. Therefore, stockholders may not be able to sell their shares promptly or at a desired price. To provide interim liquidity to our stockholders, we plan, but are not required, to conduct quarterly repurchase offers pursuant to our share repurchase program in accordance with the 1940 Act. This will be the only method of liquidity that we offer prior to a liquidity event. See Share Repurchase Program. While a BDC may list its shares for trading in the public markets, we have elected not to do so. We believe that a non-traded structure is more appropriate for the long-term nature of the assets in which we invest. This structure allows us to operate with a long-term view similar to that of other types of private investment fundsinstead of managing to quarterly market expectationsand to pursue our investment objectives without subjecting our investors to the daily share price volatility associated with the public markets. To provide our shareholders with liquidity, we intend to conduct quarterly tender offers pursuant to our share repurchase program.
Capital Contribution by FB Advisor
In February 2008, pursuant to a private placement, Michael C. Forman and David J. Adelman, the principals of FB Advisor, contributed an aggregate of $1 million to purchase 111,112 shares of common stock at $9.00 per share which represents the public offering price of $10.00 per share and excludes selling commissions and dealer manager fees. Messrs. Forman and Adelman will not tender their shares for repurchase as long as FB Advisor remains our investment adviser.
About FB Advisor
FB Advisor is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, or the Advisers Act, and is an affiliate of FB Capital Partners, L.P. FB Capital Partners is a Philadelphia-based investment and alternative asset management firm, formed in 2005, that focuses in part on income-oriented investments in the middle market. Since 2003, FB Capital Partners and affiliated entities managed by its principals have invested over $375 million in senior debt, mezzanine debt and preferred equity of small and middle market companies and approximately $125 million in real estate debt and equity throughout North America. Our president and chief executive officer, Michael C. Forman, has led FB Capital Partners since its inception. In addition to his career in managing alternative assets for his investor base, Mr. Forman has been an active private investor and entrepreneur, having built or having been affiliated with several companies in the gaming and specialty finance industries. In addition, Mr. Forman co-founded Franklin Square Holdings, LP, an investment firm focused on delivering alternative asset solutions to individual investors nationwide.
Together with Mr. Forman, David J. Adelman will form the senior management team of FB Advisor. Mr. Adelman has significant managerial and investing experience and serves as president and chief executive officer of Campus Apartments, Inc., which develops, manages, designs, and privately finances more than 220 upscale housing facilities for colleges and universities across the United States. Further, in 2006, Campus Apartments entered into a $1.1 billion venture with GIC Real Estate Pte Ltd, the real estate investment arm of the Government of Singapore Investment Corporation, in which Campus Apartments uses the ventures capital to acquire, develop, operate and manage student housing projects across the United States. Mr. Adelman is also an active private investor and entrepreneur, having co-founded Franklin Square Holdings, LP with Michael Forman. See Management for biographical information regarding Messrs. Forman and Adelman.
FB Advisors senior management team has extensive experience in private lending, private equity and real estate investing, and has developed an expertise in using all levels of a firms capital structure to produce income-generating investments, focusing on risk management and potentially delivering higher returns by virtue of tax-advantaged transaction structures. FB Advisor is staffed by four investment professionals and may retain additional investment personnel following the date we meet our minimum offering requirement, based upon its needs.
2
All investment decisions will require the unanimous approval of FB Advisors investment committee, which is currently comprised of Messrs. Forman and Adelman. Our board of directors, including a majority of independent directors, oversees and monitors our investment performance and will annually review the compensation we pay to FB Advisor and determine that the provisions of the investment advisory and administrative services agreement are carried out. See Investment Advisory and Administrative Services Agreement.
About GDFM
From time to time, FB Advisor may enter into sub-advisory relationships with registered investment advisers that possess skills that FB Advisor believes will aid it in achieving our investment objectives. FB Advisor has engaged GDFM to act as our investment sub-adviser. GDFM will assist FB Advisor with identifying investment opportunities and will make investment recommendations for approval by FB Advisor, according to asset allocation and other guidelines set by FB Advisor. GDFM is a Delaware limited liability company with principal offices located at 345 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10154.
GDFM is a subsidiary of GSO Capital Partners LP, the global credit platform of The Blackstone Group L.P., a leading global alternative asset manager and provider of financial advisory services. We collectively refer to GDFM and GSO as well as affiliated entities that invest in assets similar to GSO and GDFM as the GSO Group. The GSO Group is one of the worlds largest credit platforms in the alternative asset business with over $22 billion in assets under management as of March 10, 2008. GDFM generally seeks to generate positive risk-adjusted returns for its investors by investing in a broad array of securities, including senior secured leveraged loans, high yield bonds, second lien loans and mezzanine securities. Its investment strategies revolve around a disciplined fundamental credit review process and are based on the belief that a deep understanding of companies and the industries in which they operate is critical to generating attractive total returns.
Under the investment sub-advisory agreement, GDFM will assist FB Advisor in identifying investment opportunities and will make investment recommendations for approval by FB Advisor. Investment recommendations made by GDFM will be made in a manner that is consistent with its existing investment and monitoring processes developed by its senior members during the last ten years.
Market Opportunity
We believe that the market for lending to small and middle market private U.S. companies is underserved and presents a compelling investment opportunity. FB Advisors senior management team has witnessed significant demand for debt capital among small and middle market companies that have the characteristics we target. We believe that this demand, coupled with the limited and fragmented availability of funding within our target market, will enable us to achieve favorable transaction pricing. We are raising funds in an attempt to capitalize on what we believe is a favorable pricing environment. We believe that the following characteristics support our belief:
Large target market. According to Dun & Bradstreet, as of February 2008, there were approximately 149,000 small and middle market companies in the U.S., defined as companies with annual revenues between $10 million and $500 million, compared with 5,000 companies with revenues greater than $500 million. These smaller and middle market companies represent a significant portion of the growth segment of the U.S. economy and often require substantial capital investment to grow their businesses. Small and middle market companies have generated a significant number of investment opportunities for investment programs managed by FB Advisor over the past several years, and we believe that this market segment will continue to produce significant investment opportunities for us.
General reduction in supply of credit. We believe that banks and institutional investors are taking a much more conservative approach to lending in all asset classes, due in part to problems that began in residential
3
mortgage backed securities backed by subprime borrowers, or borrowers with poor credit histories and have spread to other sectors of the market. Notably, we believe lenders are re-examining the concept of risk and are now demanding improved pricing and more stringent covenant structures in order to lend. For corporate debt, this tightening of credit conditions occurred just as a record amount of transaction volume was scheduled to enter the markets in the third quarter of 2007, causing a significant dislocation in the markets and a general reduction in liquidity and credit for corporate issuers. We believe that the significant reduction in credit supply will allow us to pursue more favorable transaction pricing, in comparison to past periods, and pursue superior risk-adjusted returns.
Limited investment competition. We believe that lending to small and middle market private U.S. companies generally requires a greater dedication of the lenders time and resources compared to lending to larger companies, due in part to the smaller size of each investment and the often fragmented nature of information available for disclosure from these companies. In addition, we believe small and middle market companies often require more active monitoring and participation on the lenders part. We believe that many large financial organizations, with relatively high cost structures, are not equipped to deal with these factors. Due to these cost issues and pressures to rapidly grow loan portfolios, financial institutions appear to be emphasizing services to larger corporate clients and transactions, with a consequent reduction in the availability of debt financing to small and middle market companies.
Active private equity focus on small and middle market firms. Private equity firms have continued their active roles investing in small and middle market companies, and FB Advisors senior management team expects this trend to continue. Private equity funds often seek to leverage their investments by combining capital with senior secured and mezzanine loans from other sources. Thus, we believe that significant private equity investment in small and middle market firms will create substantial investment opportunities for us to fill the role of leverage provider. We believe that the network of relationships between FB Advisors senior management team and the private equity community will be a key channel through which we will access significant investment opportunities.
Attractive market segment. We believe that the underserved nature of such a large segment of the market, coupled with strong demand for capital, creates a significant opportunity for investment. Because of the current investing environment, we believe that small and middle market companies are more likely to offer attractive economics in terms of transaction pricing, up-front and ongoing fees, prepayment penalties and more attractive security features in the form of stricter covenants and quality collateral. Additionally, as compared to larger companies, small and middle market companies often have simpler capital structures and carry less leverage, thus aiding the structuring and negotiation process and allowing us greater flexibility in structuring favorable transactions. We believe that these factors present advantageous conditions in which to pursue our investment objectives of generating current income and, to a lesser extent, long-term capital appreciation.
Investment Strategy
When identifying prospective portfolio companies, we intend to focus primarily on the following attributes, which we believe will help us generate higher total returns with an acceptable level of risk. These attributes are:
| Leading, defensible market positions that present attractive growth opportunities. We will seek companies that we believe possess advantages in scale, scope, customer loyalty, product pricing, or product quality versus their competitors, minimizing sales risk and protecting profitability. |
| Investing in private companies. We intend to invest in companies that possess annual revenues of between $10 million and $500 million and annual operating cash flow of at least $2 million at the time of investment. We do not intend to invest in start-up companies, turnaround situations or companies with speculative business plans. |
| Proven management teams with meaningful equity ownership. We intend to focus on investments in which the target company has an experienced management team with an established track record of |
4
success. We will typically require the portfolio companies to have in place proper incentives to align managements goals with ours. Generally, we intend to focus on companies in which the management teams have significant equity interests. |
| Private equity sponsorship. Often we will seek to participate in transactions sponsored by what we believe to be high-quality private equity firms. FB Advisors senior management team believes that a private equity sponsors willingness to invest significant sums of equity capital into a company provides an additional level of due diligence investigation and is an implicit endorsement of the quality of the investment. Further, by co-investing with quality private equity firms which commit significant sums of equity capital with junior priority to our debt investments, we may benefit from having due diligence on our investments performed by both parties. |
| Diversification. We will seek to diversify our portfolio among companies engaged in a variety of industries, thereby potentially reducing the risk of a downturn in any one industry having a disproportionate impact on the value of our portfolio. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in this regard. |
| Viable exit strategy. We intend to focus our investment activity primarily in companies whose business models and growth prospects offer attractive exit possibilities, including repayment of our investments, with the potential for capital gain on any equity interest we hold through an initial public offering of common stock, a merger, a sale or other recapitalization. See Objectives and Investment Strategy. |
Moreover, we may acquire investments in the secondary loan market, and, in analyzing such investments, we will employ the same analytical process that we use for our primary investments.
Investments in Private Companies
We intend to invest primarily in privately held companies. Investments in private companies pose certain incremental risks as compared to investments in public companies. First, private companies have reduced access to the capital markets, resulting in diminished capital resources and ability to withstand financial distress. Second, the investments themselves tend to be less liquid. As such, we may have difficulty exiting an investment promptly or at a desired price prior to maturity or outside of a normal amortization schedule. Finally, little public information generally exists about private companies. Further, these companies may not have third-party debt ratings or audited financial statements. We must therefore rely on the ability of FB Advisor and/or GDFM to obtain adequate information through due diligence to evaluate the creditworthiness and potential returns from investing in these companies. These companies and their financial information will also generally not be subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other rules that govern public companies.
Competitive Advantages
We believe that we offer to our investors the following competitive advantages over other capital providers to private, U.S. small and middle market companies:
Middle market focus. FB Advisor and GDFM have developed an expertise in sourcing and investing in debt issued by small and middle market companies. We will attempt to leverage the relationships created while developing this expertise, which we believe will provide us access to an attractive pool of private companies that is not well served by larger financial institutions. Furthermore, FB Advisors senior management team believes that, because middle market companies are not as well covered by investors as larger companies, there is greater opportunity to negotiate terms that include enhanced protections without necessarily comprising yield.
Global platform with seasoned investment professionals. FB Advisors senior management team believes that the breadth and depth of its experience, together with the wider resources of the GSO Groups investment team, some of whom are dedicated to sourcing, structuring, executing, monitoring and realizing upon a broad range of private investments, as well as the specific expertise of GDFM, provides us with a significant competitive advantage in sourcing attractive investment opportunities worldwide.
5
Long-term investment horizon. Unlike most private equity and venture capital funds, we will not be required to return capital to our stockholders once we exit a portfolio investment. Such funds typically can only be invested once and must be returned to investors after a specific time period. These provisions often force private equity and venture capital funds to seek liquidity events, including initial public offerings, mergers, or recapitalizations more quickly than they otherwise might, potentially resulting in a lower return to investors. We believe that freedom from such capital return requirements, which allows us to invest using a longer-term focus, will provide us with the opportunity to increase total returns on invested capital compared to other private company investment vehicles.
Transaction Sourcing Capability. FB Advisor will seek to identify attractive investment opportunities both through active origination channels and through its long-term relationships with numerous corporate and fund management teams, members of the financial community and potential corporate partners. In addition, FB Advisor will seek to leverage GDFMs significant access to transaction flow. GDFM seeks to generate investment opportunities through syndicate and club deals and also through the GSO Groups proprietary origination channels. With respect to syndicate and club deals, GDFM has built a network of relationships with commercial and investment banks, finance companies and other investment funds as a result of the long track record of its investment professionals in the leveraged finance marketplace. With respect to GDFMs origination channel, FB Advisor will seek to leverage the global presence of the GSO Group to generate access to a substantial amount of originated transactions with attractive investment characteristics. We believe that the broad networks of FB Advisor and GDFM will produce a significant amount of investment opportunities for us.
Disciplined, income-oriented investment philosophy. FB Advisor and GDFM will employ a defensive investment approach focused on long-term credit performance and principal protection. This investment approach will involve a multi-stage selection process for each investment opportunity as well as ongoing monitoring of each investment made, with particular emphasis on early detection of credit deterioration. This strategy is designed to maximize current yield and minimize the risk of capital loss while maintaining potential for long-term capital appreciation.
Ability to utilize a wide range of transaction structures. FB Advisor and GDFM believe that their broad expertise and experience in transaction structuring at all levels of a companys capital structure will afford them numerous tools to manage risk while preserving the opportunity for gain. We will attempt to capitalize on this expertise in an effort to produce an investment portfolio that will perform in a broad range of economic conditions. In addition, we believe that the ability to offer several forms of financing will make us an attractive provider of capital to prospective portfolio companies. Such flexible transaction structuring allows a prospective portfolio company to forgo the substantial cost of conducting multiple negotiations and undergoing multiple due diligence processes to secure the different types of capital it requires.
Plan of Distribution
This is a continuous offering of our shares as permitted by the federal securities laws. We intend to file post-effective amendments to this registration statement, which are subject to SEC review, to allow us to continue this offering for at least two years. The dealer manager is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of shares but will use its best efforts to sell the shares offered. The minimum permitted purchase is $5,000. We will not sell any shares unless we raise gross offering proceeds of $2.5 million from persons who are not affiliated with us or FB Advisor by one year from the date of this prospectus. Pending satisfaction of this condition, all subscription payments will be placed in an account held by the escrow agent, UMB Bank, N.A., in trust for our subscribers benefit, pending release to us. If we do not raise gross offering proceeds of $2.5 million by one year from the date of this prospectus, we will promptly return all funds in the escrow account (including interest), and we will stop offering shares. We will not deduct any fees or expenses if we return funds from the escrow account. Upon raising $2.5 million and meeting our minimum offering requirement, the funds will be released from escrow to us within approximately 30 days and investors with subscription funds held in the escrow will be admitted as stockholders as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 15 days after such release. Subsequent
6
to meeting the minimum offering requirement, we will then sell our shares on a continuous basis at a price of $10.00; however, to the extent that our net asset value increases, we will sell at a price necessary to ensure that shares are not sold at a price after deduction of selling commissions and dealer manager fees that is below net asset value. Promptly following any such adjustment to the offering price per share, we will file a prospectus supplement with the SEC disclosing the adjusted offering price, and we will also post the updated information on our website at www.fsinvestmentcorp.com.
FS2 Capital Partners, LLC will act as the dealer manager in connection with the sale of shares registered in this offering. The dealer manager is a recently formed company that is an affiliate of FB Advisor.
To purchase shares in this offering, you must complete and sign a subscription agreement (in the form attached to this prospectus as Appendix A) for a specific dollar amount equal to or greater then $5,000 and pay such amount at the time of subscription. You should make your check payable to UMB Bank, N.A., as agent for FS Investment Corporation. Subscriptions will be effective only upon our acceptance, and we reserve the right to reject any subscription in whole or in part. Pending acceptance of your shares, proceeds will be deposited into an interest-bearing account. Any interest accrued between the time subscription proceeds are received and the time shares are accepted will be used to purchase additional shares or fractions thereof. See How to Subscribe.
Suitability Standards
Pursuant to applicable state securities laws, shares of common stock offered through this prospectus are suitable only as a long-term investment for persons of adequate financial means who have no need for liquidity in this investment. Initially, there is not expected to be any public market for the shares, which means that it may be difficult to sell shares. As a result, we have established suitability standards which require investors to have either (i) a net worth (not including home, furnishings, and personal automobiles) of at least $70,000 and an annual gross income of at least $70,000, or (ii) a net worth (not including home, furnishings, and personal automobiles) of at least $250,000. Our suitability standards also require that a potential investor (1) can reasonably benefit from an investment in us based on such investors overall investment objectives and portfolio structuring; (2) is able to bear the economic risk of the investment based on the prospective stockholders overall financial situation; and (3) has apparent understanding of (a) the fundamental risks of the investment, (b) the risk that such investor may lose his or her entire investment, (c) the lack of liquidity of the shares, (d) the background and qualifications of FB Advisor and GDFM, and (e) the tax consequences of the investment. For additional information, including special suitability standards for residents of Alabama, Arizona, Kansas, Kentucky and Ohio, see Suitability Standards.
Investors who meet the suitability standards described herein may purchase shares of our common stock. Investors seeking to purchase shares of our common stock must proceed as follows:
| Read this entire prospectus and any appendices and supplements accompanying this prospectus. |
| Complete the execution copy of the subscription agreement. A specimen copy of the subscription agreement, including instructions for completing it, is included in this prospectus as Appendix A. |
| Deliver a check for the full purchase price of the shares of our common stock being subscribed for along with the completed subscription agreement to the selected broker-dealer. You should make your check payable to UMB Bank, N.A., as agent for FS Investment Corporation. After you have satisfied the applicable minimum purchase requirement, additional purchases must be in increments of $500, except for purchases made pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. |
| By executing the subscription agreement and paying the total purchase price for the shares of our common stock subscribed for, each investor attests that he meets the suitability standards as stated in the subscription agreement and agrees to be bound by all of its terms. |
7
Subscriptions will be effective only upon our acceptance, and we reserve the right to reject any subscription in whole or in part. Subscriptions will be accepted or rejected within 30 days of receipt by us and, if rejected, all funds shall be returned to subscribers with interest and without deduction for any expenses within ten business days from the date the subscription is rejected. We are not permitted to accept a subscription for shares of our common stock until at least five business days after the date you receive this prospectus.
An approved trustee must process and forward to us subscriptions made through IRAs, Keogh plans and 401(k) plans. In the case of investments through IRAs, Keogh plans and 401(k) plans, we will send the confirmation and notice of our acceptance to the trustee.
Estimated Use of Proceeds
We intend to use substantially all of the proceeds from this offering, net of expenses, to make investments in small and middle market private, U.S. companies in accordance with our investment objectives and using the strategies described in this prospectus. The remainder will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes. There can be no assurance we will be able to sell all the shares we are registering. If we sell only a portion of the shares we are registering, we may be unable to achieve our investment objectives. It may take several months after meeting our minimum offering requirement before we have raised sufficient funds to invest the initial proceeds of this offering in securities meeting our investment objectives and providing diversification of our portfolio. Pending such use, we will invest the net proceeds primarily in short-term securities consistent with our business development company election and our election to be taxed as a RIC. During this time, we may employ a portion of the net proceeds to pay operating expenses, distributions to stockholders, and for general corporate purposes. See Estimated Use of Proceeds.
Share Repurchase Program
We do not currently intend to list our securities on any securities exchange and do not expect a public market for them to develop in the foreseeable future. Therefore, stockholders should not expect to be able to sell their shares promptly at a desired price. See Share Repurchase Program.
Beginning 12 months after meeting our minimum offering requirement, and on a quarterly basis thereafter, we intend to offer to repurchase shares on such terms as may be determined by our board of directors unless, in the judgment of the independent directors of our board of directors, such repurchases would not be in the best interests of our stockholders or would violate applicable law. We anticipate conducting such repurchase offers in accordance with the requirements of Rule 13e-4 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the 1940 Act. In months in which we repurchase shares, we expect to conduct repurchases on the same date that we hold our monthly closings for the sale of shares in this offering.
We currently intend to limit the number of shares to be repurchased during any calendar year to the number of shares we can repurchase with the proceeds we receive from the sale of shares of our common stock under our distribution reinvestment plan. At the discretion of our board of directors, we may also use cash on hand, cash available from borrowings and cash from liquidation of securities investments as of the end of the applicable period to repurchase shares. In addition, we do not expect to repurchase shares in any calendar year in excess of 10% of the weighted average number of shares outstanding in the prior calendar year, or 2.5% in each quarter. We further anticipate that we will offer to repurchase such shares at a price equal to 90% of the offering price on each date of repurchase.
In connection with its consideration of whether to conduct such tender offers, our board of directors will consider any requests it has received from stockholders. If you wish to tender your shares to be repurchased you must either tender at least 25% of the shares you purchased in the offering or all of the shares that you own. If you choose to tender only a portion of your shares, you must maintain a minimum balance of $5,000 worth of shares following a tender of shares for repurchase. If the amount of repurchase requests exceeds the number of shares we
8
seek to repurchase, we will repurchase shares on a pro-rata basis. As a result, we may repurchase less than the full amount of shares that you request to have repurchased. If we do not repurchase the full amount of your shares that you have requested to be repurchased, or we determine not to make repurchases of our shares, you may not be able to dispose of your shares, even if we under-perform. Any periodic repurchase offers will be subject in part to our available cash and compliance with the RIC qualification and diversification rules and the 1940 Act.
We intend to seek exemptive relief from Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, in connection with our proposed share repurchase program. See Share Repurchase Program.
Liquidity Strategy
We intend to seek to complete a liquidity event for our stockholders between five and seven years following the completion of our offering stage. However, we may determine to complete a liquidity event sooner than between five and seven years following the completion of our offering stage. We will view our offering stage as complete as of the termination date of our most recent public equity offering, if we have not conducted a public equity offering in any continuous two year period. We may determine not to pursue a liquidity event if we believe that then-current market conditions are not favorable for a liquidity event, and that such conditions will improve in the future. A liquidity event could include (1) the sale of all or substantially all of our assets either on a complete portfolio basis or individually followed by a liquidation, (2) a listing of our shares on a national securities exchange, or (3) a merger or another transaction approved by our board of directors in which our stockholders will receive cash or shares of a publicly traded company. We refer to the above scenarios as liquidity events. While our intention is to seek to complete a liquidity event between five and seven years following the completion of our offering stage, there can be no assurance that a suitable transaction will be available or that market conditions for a liquidity event will be favorable during that timeframe. In making a determination of what type of liquidity event is in the best interest of our stockholders, our board of directors, including our independent directors, may consider a variety of criteria, including, but not limited to, portfolio diversification, portfolio performance, our financial condition, potential access to capital as a listed company, market conditions for the sale of our assets or listing of our securities, internal management considerations and the potential for stockholder liquidity. If we determine to pursue a listing of our securities on a national securities exchange in the future, at that time we may consider either an internal or an external management structure.
Prior to the completion of a liquidity event, our share repurchase program may provide a limited opportunity for you to have your shares of common stock repurchased, subject to certain restrictions and limitations, at a price which may reflect a discount from the purchase price you paid for the shares being repurchased. See Share Repurchase Program for a detailed description of our share repurchase program.
Advisory Fees
FB Advisor and GDFM will be compensated for their services. Under the investment advisory and administrative services agreement, FB Advisor is entitled to a fee consisting of two componentsa base management fee and an incentive fee. The base management fee will be payable quarterly in arrears, and will be calculated at an annual rate of 2.0% of the average value of our gross assets.
The incentive fee will consist of three parts. The first part, which we refer to as the subordinated incentive fee on income, will be calculated and payable quarterly in arrears based upon our pre-incentive fee net investment income for the immediately preceding quarter and will be subordinated to a preferred return on adjusted capital equal to 2.0% per quarter, or an annualized rate of 8.0%.
The second part of the incentive fee, which we refer to as the incentive fee on capital gains during operations, will be an incentive fee on capital gains earned on liquidated investments from the portfolio
during operations prior to a liquidation of the company and will be determined and payable in arrears as of the end of each calendar year (or upon termination of the investment advisory and administrative services
9
agreement). This fee will equal 20.0% of our incentive fee capital gains, which will equal our realized capital gains on a cumulative basis from inception, calculated as of the end of each calendar year, computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation on a cumulative basis, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid capital gain incentive fees.
The third part of the incentive fee, which we refer to as the subordinated liquidation incentive fee, will equal 20.0% of the net proceeds from a liquidation of the company in excess of adjusted capital, as calculated immediately prior to liquidation. See Investment Advisory and Administrative Services AgreementOverview of FB AdvisorAdvisory Fees.
See Investment Advisory and Administration Services AgreementOverview of GDFM for a description of the investment sub-advisory agreement and the fees payable to GDFM by FB Advisor pursuant to such agreement.
Administration
FB Advisor will be reimbursed for administrative expenses it incurs on our behalf. See Administrative Services.
Conflicts of Interest
FB Advisor, GDFM and certain of their affiliates will experience conflicts of interest in connection with the management of our business affairs, including, but not limited to, the following:
| The directors, officers and other personnel of FB Advisor allocate their time between advising us and managing other investment activities and business activities in which they may be involved; |
| The compensation payable by us to FB Advisor and other affiliates will be approved by our board of directors consistent with the exercise of the requisite standard of care applicable to directors under Maryland law. Such compensation is payable, in most cases, whether or not our stockholders receive distributions; |
| We may compete with certain affiliates for investments, subjecting FB Advisor and its affiliates to certain conflicts of interest in evaluating the suitability of investment opportunities and making or recommending acquisitions on our behalf; |
| Regardless of the quality of the assets acquired, the services provided to us or whether we make distributions to our stockholders, FB Advisor and GDFM will receive certain fees in connection with the management and sale of our portfolio companies; |
|
Because the dealer manager, FS2 Capital Partners, LLC is an affiliate of FB Advisor, its due diligence review and investigation of us and this prospectus cannot be considered to be an independent review; |
| The personnel of GDFM allocate their time between assisting FB Advisor in connection with identifying investment opportunities and making investment recommendations and performing similar functions for other business activities in which they may be involved; |
| We may compete with other funds managed by affiliates of GDFM for investment opportunities, subjecting GDFM and its affiliates to certain conflicts of interest in evaluating the suitability of investment opportunities and making or recommending acquisitions to FB Advisor; |
| From time to time, to the extent consistent with the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, we and other clients for which FB Advisor or GDFM provide investment management services or carry on investment activities may make investments at different levels of an investment entitys capital structure or otherwise in different classes of an issuers securities. These investments may inherently give rise to conflicts of interest or perceived conflicts of interest between or among the various classes of securities that may be held by us and such other clients; |
10
| FB Advisor, GDFM and their respective affiliates may give advice and recommend securities to other clients which may differ from advice given to, or securities recommended or bought for, us, even though their investment objectives may be similar to ours; |
| FB Advisor, GDFM and their respective affiliates are not restricted from forming additional investment funds, from entering into other investment advisory relationships or from engaging in other business activities, even though such activities may be in competition with us and/or may involve substantial time and resources of FB Advisor and GDFM; and |
| FB Advisor may determine it appropriate for us and one or more other investment accounts managed by FB Advisor, GDFM or any of their respective affiliates to participate in an investment opportunity. These co-investment opportunities may give rise to conflicts of interest or perceived conflicts of interest among us and the other participating accounts. To mitigate these conflicts, FB Advisor will seek to execute such transactions for all of the participating investment accounts, including us, on a fair and equitable basis, taking into account such factors as the relative amounts of capital available for new investments and the investment programs and portfolio positions of us, the clients for which participation is appropriate and any other factors deemed appropriate. |
Risk Factors
An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the information found in Risk Factors before deciding to invest in shares of our common stock. The following are some of the risks an investment in us involves:
| We are a new company and have no operating history and are subject to the business risks and uncertainties associated with any new business, including the risk that we will not achieve our investment objectives. |
| FB Advisor has no prior experience managing a business development company or a regulated investment company. Therefore, FB Advisor may not be able to successfully operate our business or achieve our investment objectives. |
| Because there is no public trading market for shares of our common stock and we are not obligated to effectuate a liquidity event by a specified date, it will be difficult for you to sell your shares. |
| The amount of any distributions we may make is uncertain. Our distribution proceeds may exceed our earnings, particularly during the period before we have substantially invested the net proceeds from this offering. Therefore, portions of the distributions that we make may represent a return of capital to you. |
| We intend to qualify as a RIC but may fail to do so. Such failure would subject us to federal income tax on all of our income, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial performance. |
| We are subject to certain risks associated with valuing our portfolio, changing interest rates, accessing additional capital, fluctuating financial results, and operating in a regulated environment. |
| We have not identified specific investments that we will make with the proceeds of this offering, and therefore you will not have the opportunity to evaluate our investments prior to purchasing shares of our common stock. |
| We intend to invest primarily in senior secured term loans, second lien loans and mezzanine debt and selected equity investments issued by small and middle market companies. For our senior secured and second lien loans, the collateral securing these investments may decrease in value over time or may fluctuate based on the performance of the portfolio company. Mezzanine debt investments are typically unsecured, and this may involve an above-average amount of risk, including a loss of principal. |
| The potential for FB Advisor to earn incentive fees under the investment advisory and administrative services agreement may create an incentive for it to enter into investments that are riskier or more |
11
speculative than would otherwise be the case, and FB Advisor may have an incentive to increase portfolio leverage in order to earn higher base management fees. In addition, since GDFM will receive a portion of the advisory fees paid to FB Advisor, GDFM may have an incentive to recommend investments that are riskier or more speculative. |
| This is a best efforts offering and if we are unable to raise substantial funds then we will be more limited in the number and type of investments we may make. |
| FB Advisor, its affiliates and GDFM face conflicts of interest as a result of compensation arrangements, time constraints and competition for investments, which they will attempt to resolve in a fair and equitable manner but which may result in actions that are not in your best interests. |
| After meeting the minimum offering requirement, the purchase price at which you purchase shares will be determined at each monthly closing date. As a result, your purchase price may be higher than the prior monthly closing price per share, and therefore you may receive a smaller number of shares than if you had subscribed at the prior monthly closing price. |
| We may borrow funds to make investments. As a result, we would be exposed to the risks of borrowing, also known as leverage, which may be considered a speculative investment technique. Leverage magnifies the potential for gain and loss on amounts invested and therefore increases the risks associated with investing in our securities. |
| Our portfolio investments, especially until we raise significant capital from this offering, may be concentrated in a limited number of portfolio companies, which would magnify the effect of any losses suffered by a few of these investments. |
See Risk Factors beginning on page 24 and the other information included in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in shares of our common stock.
Reports to Stockholders
Within 60 days after the end of each fiscal quarter, we will distribute our quarterly report on Form 10-Q to all stockholders of record. In addition, we will distribute our annual report on Form 10-K to all stockholders within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year. These reports will also be available on our website at www.fsinvestmentcorp.com and on the SECs website at www.sec.gov. These reports should not be considered a part of or as incorporated by reference in the prospectus, or the registration statement of which the prospectus is a part.
Distributions
We intend to authorize and declare distributions monthly and pay distributions on a quarterly basis beginning no later than the first calendar quarter after the month in which the minimum offering requirement is met. Subject to the board of directors discretion and applicable legal restrictions, our board of directors intends to authorize and declare a monthly distribution amount per share of our common stock. We will then calculate each stockholders specific distribution amount for the month using record and declaration dates and your distributions will begin to accrue on the date we accept your subscription for shares of our common stock. From time to time, we may also pay interim distributions at the discretion of our board. Our distributions may exceed our earnings, especially during the period before we have substantially invested the proceeds from this offering. As a result, a portion of the distributions we make may represent a return of capital for tax purposes. There can be no assurance that we will be able to pay distributions at a specific rate or at all. See Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.
Distribution Reinvestment Plan
We have adopted an opt in distribution reinvestment plan pursuant to which you may elect to have the full amount of your cash distributions reinvested in additional shares of our common stock. Participants in our
12
distribution reinvestment plan are free to elect or revoke reinstatement in the distribution reinvestment plan within a reasonable time as specified in the plan. If you do not elect to participate in the plan you will automatically receive any distributions we declare in cash. For example, if our board of directors authorizes, and we declare, a cash distribution, then if you have opted in to our distribution reinvestment plan you will have your cash distributions reinvested in additional shares of our common stock, rather than receiving the cash distributions. We expect to coordinate distribution payment dates so that the same price that is used for the monthly closing date immediately following such distribution payment date will be used to calculate the purchase price for purchasers under the distribution reinvestment plan. Your reinvested distributions will purchase shares at a price equal to 95% of the price that shares are sold in the offering at the monthly closing immediately following the distribution payment date. See Distribution Reinvestment Plan.
Taxation
We intend to elect to be treated for federal income tax purposes, and intend to qualify annually thereafter, as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. As a RIC, we generally will not have to pay corporate-level federal income taxes on any ordinary income or capital gains that we distribute to our stockholders from our tax earnings and profits. To obtain and maintain our RIC tax treatment, we must meet specified source-of-income and asset diversification requirements and distribute annually at least 90% of our ordinary income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any. See Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.
Corporate Information
Our principal executive offices are located at 2929 Arch Street, Suite 675, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-2867. We maintain a website at www.fsinvestmentcorp.com. Information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and you should not consider that information to be part of this prospectus.
13
The following table is intended to assist you in understanding the costs and expenses that an investor in this offering will bear directly or indirectly. We caution you that some of the percentages indicated in the table below are estimates and may vary. Except where the context suggests otherwise, whenever this prospectus contains a reference to fees or expenses paid by you, us or FS Investment Corporation, or that we will pay fees or expenses, stockholders will indirectly bear such fees or expenses as investors in us.
Stockholder Transaction Expenses:
Expenses (as a percentage of offering price)(1) |
|||
Sales load to dealer manager(2) |
10.0 | % | |
Offering expenses borne by us(3) |
1.5 | % | |
Total stockholder transaction expenses |
11.5 | % | |
Annual expenses (as a percentage of net assets attributable to common stock)(1) |
|||
Base management fee(4) |
3.0 | % | |
Incentive fees payable under our investment advisory and |
0.0 | % | |
Interest payments on borrowed funds(6) |
3.0 | % | |
Other expenses |
1.4 | % | |
Acquired fund fees and expenses(7) |
0.0 | % | |
Total Annual Expenses |
7.4 | % |
Example
The following example demonstrates the projected dollar amount of total cumulative expenses that would be incurred over various periods with respect to a hypothetical investment in our common stock. In calculating the following expense amounts, we have assumed our annual operating expenses would remain at the percentage levels set forth in the table above and that stockholders would pay a selling commission of 7.0% and a dealer manager fee of 3.0% with respect to common stock sold by us in this offering.
1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | |||||||||
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5% annual return:(1) |
$ | 180 | $ | 311 | $ | 443 | $ | 772 |
The example and the expenses in the tables above should not be considered a representation of our future expenses, and actual expenses may be greater or less than those shown. While the example assumes, as required by the SEC, a 5% annual return, our performance will vary and may result in a return greater or less than 5%. In addition, while the example assumes reinvestment of all distributions at net asset value, participants in our distribution reinvestment plan will receive a number of shares of our common stock, determined by dividing the total dollar amount of the distribution payable to a participant by the greater of 95% of the most recent offering price or at such price necessary to ensure that shares are not sold at a price that is below net asset value. See Distribution Reinvestment Plan for additional information regarding our distribution reinvestment plan. See Plan of Distribution for additional information regarding stockholder transaction expenses.
(1) | Amount assumes we sell $150 million worth of our common stock in this offering which represents the amount we expect to sell during the twelve months following the commencement of the offering and also assumes we borrow funds equal to 50% of our net assets. Actual expenses will depend on the number of shares we sell in this offering and the amount of leverage we employ. For example, if we were to meet the Minimum Offering Requirement only, our expenses as a percentage of the offering price would be significantly higher. There can be no assurance that we will sell $150 million worth of our common stock. |
14
(2) | Sales load includes selling commissions of 7.0% and dealer manager fees of 3.0%. |
(3) | Amount reflects estimated offering expenses to be paid by us of up to $2.3 million if we raise $150 million in gross proceeds. |
(4) | Our base management fee under the investment advisory and administrative services agreement will be payable quarterly in arrears, and will be calculated at an annual rate of 2.0% of the average value of our gross assets. See Investment Advisory and Administrative Services AgreementOverview of FB AdvisorAdvisory Fee. |
(5) | Based on our current business plan, we anticipate that we will begin to make investments in portfolio companies as soon as practicable after we meet our minimum offering requirement, and we may have capital gains and interest income that could result in the payment of an incentive fee to FB Advisor in the first year after completion of this offering. However, the incentive fee payable to FB Advisor is based on our performance and will not be paid unless we achieve certain performance targets. As we cannot predict whether we will meet the necessary performance targets, we have assumed that no incentive fee will be paid for purposes of this chart. Once fully invested, we expect the incentive fees we pay to increase to the extent we earn greater interest income through our investments in portfolio companies, and realize capital gains upon the sale of equity investments in our portfolio companies. The incentive fee will consist of three parts. The first part, which we refer to as the subordinated incentive fee on income, will be calculated and payable quarterly in arrears based upon our pre-incentive fee net investment income for the immediately preceding quarter and will be subordinated to a preferred return on adjusted capital equal to 2.0% per quarter, or an annualized rate of 8.0%. |
The second part of the incentive fee, which we refer to as the incentive fee on capital gains during operations, will be an incentive fee on capital gains earned on liquidated investments from the portfolio during operations prior to a liquidation of the company and will be determined and payable in arrears as of the end of each calendar year (or upon termination of the investment advisory and administrative services agreement). This fee will equal 20.0% of our incentive fee capital gains, which will equal our realized capital gains on a cumulative basis from inception, calculated as of the end of each calendar year, computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation on a cumulative basis, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid capital gain incentive fees.
The third part of the incentive fee, which we refer to as the subordinated liquidation incentive fee, will equal 20.0% of the net proceeds from a liquidation of the company in excess of adjusted capital, as calculated immediately prior to liquidation. See Investment Advisory and Administrative Services AgreementOverview of FB AdvisorAdvisory Fees. See Investment Advisory and Administrative Services AgreementOverview of FB AdvisorAdvisory Fee for a full explanation of how the incentive fee is calculated.
(6) | We may borrow funds to make investments, including before we have fully invested the initial proceeds of this offering. To the extent that we determine it is appropriate to borrow funds to make investments, the costs associated with such borrowing will be indirectly borne by our investors. The figure in the table assumes we borrow for investment purposes an amount equal to 50% of our net assets (including such borrowed funds) and that the annual interest rate on the amount borrowed is 6.0%. |
Our ability to incur leverage during the twelve months following the commencement of this offering depends, in large part, on whether we meet our minimum offering requirement and, if so, the amount of money we are able to raise through the sale of shares registered in this offering. |
(7) | From time to time, we may invest in the securities or other investment instruments of public investment companies or BDCs. In addition, we may invest in private investment companies in limited circumstances under the 1940 Act. If we were to make such investments, we would incur fees and our stockholders would pay two levels of fees. As we have not decided to what extent we may make any such investments, any estimate of the amount of such fees would be highly speculative. |
15
COMPENSATION OF THE DEALER MANAGER AND THE INVESTMENT ADVISER
The dealer manager will receive compensation and reimbursement for services relating to this offering, and we will compensate FB Advisor for the investment and management of our assets. The most significant items of compensation, fees, expense reimbursements and other payments that we expect to pay to these entities and their affiliates are included in the table below. The selling commissions and dealer manager fee may vary for different categories of purchasers. See Plan of Distribution. This table assumes the shares are sold through distribution channels associated with the highest possible selling commissions and dealer manager fees. For illustrations of how the base management fee, the subordinated incentive fee on income, the incentive fee on capital gains during operations and the subordinated liquidation incentive fee are calculated, see Investment Advisory and Administrative Services AgreementAdvisory Fees.
Type of Compensation |
Determination of Amount |
Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering | ||
Fees to the Dealer Manager |
||||
Sales Load | ||||
Selling commissions(2) |
7.0% of gross offering proceeds from the offering; all selling commissions are expected to be reallowed to selected broker-dealers. | $105,000,000 | ||
Dealer manager fee(2) |
Up to 3.0% of gross proceeds, all or a portion of which may be reallowed to selected broker- dealers. | $45,000,000 | ||
Other organization and offering expenses(3) |
We will reimburse FB Advisor for the organizational and offering costs it has incurred on our behalf only to the extent that the reimbursement would not cause the selling commissions, dealer manager fee and the other organizational and offering expenses born by us to exceed 15.0% of the gross offering proceeds as the amount of proceeds increases. Based on our current estimate, we estimate that these expenses would be $22.5 million, or 1.5% of the gross offering proceeds, if we use the maximum amount offered. |
$22,500,000 | ||
Investment Adviser Fees | ||||
Base management fee |
The base management fee will be calculated at an annual rate of 2.0% of our average gross assets and payable quarterly in arrears. The base management fee may or may not be taken in whole or in part at the discretion of FB Advisor. All or any part of the base management fee not taken as to any quarter shall be deferred without interest and may be taken in any such other quarter prior to the occurrence of a liquidity event as FB Advisor shall determine. | $26,550,000 |
16
Type of Compensation |
Determination of Amount |
Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering | ||
Subordinated Incentive Fee on Income |
The subordinated incentive fee on income will be calculated and payable quarterly in arrears based upon our pre-incentive fee net investment income for the immediately preceding quarter, and will be subordinated to a preferred return on adjusted capital equal to 2.0% per quarter (an annualized rate of 8.0%).(4) No subordinated incentive fee on income is payable in any calendar quarter in which pre-incentive fee net investment income does not exceed the preferred quarterly return of 2.0% (the preferred quarterly return) on adjusted capital. For any calendar quarter in which pre-incentive fee net investment income is greater than the preferred quarterly return, but less than 2.5%, the subordinated incentive fee on income shall equal the amount of pre-incentive fee net investment income in excess of the preferred quarterly return. This fee is referred to as the catch-up(5) and provides an increasing fee, but is in no event greater than the 20.0% of the pre-incentive fee net investment income, as the pre-incentive fee net investment income increases from a 2.0% to a 2.5% quarterly return on adjusted capital. For any calendar quarter in which the pre-incentive fee net investment income exceeds 2.5% of adjusted capital, the subordinated incentive fee on income shall equal 20.0% of pre-incentive fee net investment income. For purposes of this fee, adjusted capital shall mean cumulative gross proceeds generated from sales of our common stock (including our distribution reinvestment plan) reduced for distributions to investors of proceeds from non-liquidating dispositions of our investments and amounts paid for share repurchases pursuant to our share repurchase program. |
These amounts cannot be estimated since they are based upon the performance of the assets held by the company. The company has not commenced operations and has no prior performance. |
17
Type of Compensation |
Determination of Amount |
Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering | ||
Incentive Fee on Capital Gains During Operations |
An incentive fee on capital gains earned on liquidated investments of the portfolio during operations prior to a liquidation of the company will be determined and payable in arrears as of the end of each calendar year (or upon termination of the investment advisory and administrative services agreement) and will equal 20.0% of our incentive fee capital gains, which will equal our realized capital gains on a cumulative basis from inception, calculated as of the end of each calendar year, computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation on a cumulative basis, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid capital gain incentive fees. |
These amounts cannot be estimated since they are based upon the performance of the assets held by the company. The company has not commenced operations and has no prior performance. | ||
Subordinated Liquidation Incentive Fee |
The subordinated liquidation incentive fee will equal 20.0% of the net proceeds from a liquidation of the company in excess of adjusted capital, as measured immediately prior to liquidation. |
These amounts cannot be estimated since they are based upon the performance of the assets held by the company. The company has not commenced operations and has no prior performance. | ||
Other Expenses
|
||||
Other Operating Expenses |
We will reimburse the expenses incurred by FB Advisor in connection with its provision of administrative services to us, including the compensation payable by FB Advisor to our chief financial officer and chief compliance officer and other administrative personnel of FB Advisor. We will not reimburse for personnel costs in connection with services for which FB Advisor receives a separate fee. In addition, we will not reimburse FB Advisor for (i) rent or depreciation, capital equipment or other costs of its own administrative items, or (ii) salaries, fringe benefits, travel expenses and other administrative items incurred or allocated to any controlling person of FB Advisor. | We have estimated these annual expenses to be approximately $8,000,000. Actual amounts may be lower or higher than this. |
18
(1) | Assumes all shares are sold at $10.00 per share with no reduction in selling commissions or dealer manager fees. |
(2) | The selling commission and dealer manager fee may be reduced or waived in connection with certain categories of sales, such as sales for which a volume discount applies, sales through investment advisers or banks acting as trustees or fiduciaries and sales to our affiliates. No selling commission or dealer manager fee will be paid in connection with sales under our distribution reinvestment plan. |
(3) | After raising at least $2.5 million in gross offering proceeds from persons who are not affiliated with us or FB Advisor, we expect to begin incurring some organizational and offering expenses directly. The organizational and offering expense reimbursement consists of costs incurred by FB Advisor and its affiliates on our behalf for legal, accounting, printing and other offering expenses, including for marketing, salaries and direct expenses of its employees, employees of its affiliates and others while engaged in registering and marketing the shares of our common stock, which shall include development of marketing and marketing presentations and training and educational meetings and generally coordinating the marketing process for us. Any such reimbursements will not exceed actual expenses incurred by FB Advisor. FB Advisor will be responsible for the payment of our cumulative organizational and offering expenses to the extent they exceed the greater of $125,000 or 1.5% of the aggregate proceeds from the offering, without recourse against or reimbursement by us. |
(4) | A rise in the general level of interest rates can be expected to lead to higher interest rates applicable to our debt investments. Accordingly, an increase in interest rates would make it easier for us to meet or exceed the incentive fee preferred return and may result in an increase in the amount of incentive fees payable to FB Advisor. |
(5) | As the quarterly pre-incentive fee net investment income rises from 2.0% to 2.5%, the catch-up feature allows FB Advisor to recoup the fees foregone as a result of the existence of the investors preferred quarterly return. |
Certain of the advisory fees payable to FB Advisor are not based on the performance of our investments. See Investment Advisory and Administrative Services Agreement and Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions for a more detailed description of the fees and expenses payable to FB Advisor, the dealer manager and their affiliates and the conflicts of interest related to these arrangements.
19
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THIS OFFERING
Set forth below are some of the more frequently asked questions and answers relating to our structure, our management, our business and an offering of this type. See Prospectus Summary and the remainder of this prospectus for more detailed information about our structure, our business, and this offering.
Q: | What is a BDC? |
A: | BDCs are closed-end funds that elect to be treated as business development companies under the 1940 Act. As such, BDCs are subject to only certain provisions of the 1940 Act, as well as the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. BDCs make investments in private or thinly-traded public companies in the form of long-term debt or equity capital, with the goal of generating current income and/or capital growth. BDCs can be internally or externally managed and qualify to elect to be taxed as regulated investment companies for federal tax purposes. |
Q: | What is a RIC? |
A: | A RIC is a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. A RIC generally does not have to pay corporate level federal income taxes on any income that it distributes to its stockholders from its tax earnings and profits. To qualify as a RIC, a company must, among other things, meet certain source-of-income and asset diversification requirements. In addition, in order to obtain RIC tax treatment, a company must distribute to its stockholders, for each taxable year, at least 90% of its investment company taxable income, which is generally its net ordinary income plus the excess, if any, of realized net short-term capital gains over realized net long-term capital losses. See Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for more information regarding RICs. |
Q: | Who will choose which investments to make? |
A: | All investment decisions made by FB Advisor will require the unanimous approval of its investment committee. The members of FB Advisors investment committee are Michael C. Forman and David J. Adelman. Our board of directors, including a majority of independent directors, oversees and monitors our investment performance and, beginning with the second anniversary of the date of the investment advisory and administrative services agreement, will annually review the compensation we pay to FB Advisor and determine that the provisions of the investment advisory and administrative services agreement are carried out. |
Q: | What is the experience of FB Advisor and GDFM? |
A: | Our investment activities will be managed by FB Advisor, who oversees the management of our activities, and GDFM who assists with the day-to-day management of our investment operations. FB Advisor is an affiliate of FB Capital Partners, L.P. Since 2003, FB Capital Partners and affiliated entities managed by its principals have invested over $500 million. FB Advisor is led by its senior management team, currently comprised of Michael C. Forman and David J. Adelman, who have significant experience across private lending, private equity and real estate investing. See Management for the experience of these individuals. FB Advisors sub-advisor, GDFM, is a subsidiary of GSO. |
Q: | How does a best efforts offering work? |
A: | When shares of common stock are offered to the public on a best efforts basis, the broker-dealers participating in the offering are only required to use their best efforts to sell the shares of our common stock. Broker-dealers do not have a firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of the shares of common stock. |
20
Q: | How long will this offering last? |
A: | This is a continuous offering of our shares as permitted by the federal securities laws. We intend to file post-effective amendments to this registration statement, which are subject to SEC review, to allow us to continue this offering for at least two years. Your ability to purchase shares and submit shares for repurchase will not be effected by the expiration of this offering and the commencement of a new one. |
Q: | What happens if you do not raise a minimum of $2.5 million in this offering? |
A: | We will not sell any shares unless we sell a minimum of $2.5 million in shares by , 2009 (one year from the date of this prospectus). Purchases by our directors, officers and any affiliates of us or FB Advisor will not count toward meeting this minimum threshold. Pending satisfaction of this minimum offering requirement, all subscription payments will be placed in an account held by the escrow agent, UMB Bank, N.A., in trust for our subscribers benefit, pending release to us. If we do not raise gross offering proceeds of $2.5 million by one year from the date of this prospectus, we will promptly return all funds in the escrow account (including interest), and we will stop offering shares. We will not deduct any fees if we return funds from the escrow account. If we meet the minimum offering amount, the proceeds held in escrow, plus interest, will be released to us. See Plan of Distribution. |
Q: | Will I receive a stock certificate? |
A: | No. Our board of directors has authorized the issuance of shares of our capital stock without certificates. We expect that we will not issue shares in certificated form, although we may decide to issue certificates at such time, if ever, as we list our shares on a national securities exchange. We anticipate that all shares of our common stock will be issued in book-entry form only. The use of book-entry registration protects against loss, theft or destruction of stock certificates and reduces the offering costs. |
Q: | Who can buy shares of common stock in this offering? |
A: | In general, you may buy shares of our common stock pursuant to this prospectus if you have either (1) a net worth of at least $70,000 and an annual gross income of at least $70,000, or (2) a net worth of at least $250,000. For this purpose, net worth does not include your home, home furnishings and personal automobiles. Our suitability standards also require that a potential investor (i) can reasonably benefit from an investment in us based on such investors overall investment objectives and portfolio structuring; (ii) is able to bear the economic risk of the investment based on the prospective stockholders overall financial situation; and (iii) has apparent understanding of (a) the fundamental risks of the investment, (b) the risk that such investor may lose his or her entire investment, (c) the lack of liquidity of the shares, (d) the background and qualifications of FB Advisor and GDFM, and (e) the tax consequences of the investment. |
Generally, you must purchase at least $5,000 in shares of our common stock. Certain volume discounts may be available for large purchases. See Plan of Distribution. After you have satisfied the applicable minimum purchase requirement, additional purchases must be in increments of at least $500, except for purchases made pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. These minimum net worth and investment levels may be higher in certain states, so you should carefully read the more detailed description under Suitability Standards.
Our affiliates may also purchase shares of our common stock. The selling commission, the dealer manager fee and the organization and offering expense reimbursement that are payable by other investors in this offering will be reduced or waived for our affiliates. The purchase of shares of our common stock by our affiliates will not count toward satisfying our minimum offering requirement.
Q: | How do I subscribe for shares of common stock? |
A: | If you meet the suitability standards and choose to purchase shares in this offering, you will need to (1) complete a subscription agreement, the form of which is attached to this prospectus as Appendix A, and (2) pay for the shares at the time you subscribe. We reserve the right to reject any subscription in whole or |
21
in part. Subscriptions will be accepted or rejected by us within 30 days of receipt by us and, if rejected, all funds will be returned to subscribers without deduction for any expenses within ten business days from the date the subscription is rejected. |
Q: | Is there any minimum initial investment required? |
A: | Yes. To purchase shares in this offering, you must make an initial purchase of at least $5,000. Once you have satisfied the minimum initial purchase requirement, any additional purchases of our shares in this offering must be in amounts of at least $500 except for additional purchases pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. See Plan of Distribution. |
Q: | Can I invest through my IRA, SEP or after-tax deferred account? |
A: | Yes, subject to the suitability standards. An approved trustee must process and forward to us subscriptions made through IRAs, Keogh plans and 401(k) plans. In the case of investments through IRAs, Keogh plans and 401(k) plans, we will send the confirmation and notice of our acceptance to the trustee. Please be aware that in purchasing shares, custodians or trustees of employee pension benefit plans or IRAs may be subject to the fiduciary duties imposed by ERISA or other applicable laws and to the prohibited transaction rules prescribed by ERISA and related provisions of the Code. In addition, prior to purchasing shares, the trustee or custodian of an employee pension benefit plan or an IRA should determine that such an investment would be permissible under the governing instruments of such plan or account and applicable law. See Suitability Standards for more information. |
Q: | How will the payment of fees and expenses affect my invested capital? |
A: | The payment of fees and expenses will reduce the funds available to us for investment in portfolio companies and the income generated by the portfolio as well as funds available for distribution to stockholders. The payment of fees and expenses will also reduce the book value of your shares of common stock. |
Q: | Will the distributions I receive be taxable? |
A: | Distributions by us generally are taxable to U.S. stockholders as ordinary income or capital gains. Distributions of our investment company taxable income (which is, generally, our net ordinary income plus realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses) will be taxable as ordinary income to U.S. stockholders to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional common stock. To the extent such distributions paid by us to non-corporate stockholders (including individuals) are attributable to dividends from U.S. corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations, such distributions, or Qualifying Dividends, may be eligible for a maximum tax rate of 15%. In this regard, it is anticipated that distributions paid by us generally will not be attributable to dividends and, therefore, generally will not qualify for the 15% maximum rate applicable to Qualifying Dividends. Distributions of our net capital gains (which is generally our realized net long-term capital gains in excess of realized net short-term capital losses) properly designated by us as capital gain dividends will be taxable to a U.S. stockholder as long-term capital gains that are currently taxable at a maximum rate of 15% in the case of individuals, trusts or estates, regardless of the U.S. stockholders holding period for his, her or its common stock and regardless of whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional common stock. Distributions in excess of our earnings and profits first will reduce a U.S. stockholders adjusted tax basis in such stockholders common stock and, after the adjusted basis is reduced to zero, will constitute capital gains to such U.S. stockholder. |
Q: | Will I be notified on how my investment is doing? |
A: | Within 60 days after the end of each fiscal quarter, we will distribute our quarterly report on Form 10-Q to all stockholders of record. In addition, we will distribute our annual report on Form 10-K to all stockholders within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year. These reports will also be available on our website at |
22
www.fsinvestmentcorp.com and on the SECs website at www.sec.gov. These reports should not be considered a part of or as incorporated by reference in the prospectus, or the registration statement of which the prospectus is a part. |
Q: | When will I get my detailed tax information? |
A: | We will send to each of our U.S. stockholders, as promptly as possible after the end of each calendar year, a notice detailing, on a per share and per distribution basis, the amounts includible in such U.S. stockholders taxable income for such year as ordinary income and as long-term capital gain. |
Q: | Are there any restrictions on the transfer of shares? |
A: | No. Shares of our common stock will have no preemptive, exchange, conversion or redemption rights and will be freely transferable, except where their transfer is restricted by federal and state securities laws or by contract. |
Q: | Who can help answer my questions? |
A: | If you have more questions about the offering or if you would like additional copies of this prospectus, you should contact your registered representative or the dealer manager at: |
FS2 Capital Partners, LLC
801 N. Orange Avenue
Suite 815
Orlando, FL 32801
(407) 373-0603
Attention: Investor Services
23
Investing in our common stock involves a number of significant risks. In addition to the other information contained in this prospectus, you should consider carefully the following information before making an investment in our common stock. If any of the following events occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In such case, the net asset value of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure
We have not identified any specific investments that we will make with the proceeds from this offering, and you will not have the opportunity to evaluate our investments prior to purchasing shares of our common stock.
Neither we nor FB Advisor has presently identified, made investments in or contracted to make investments. As a result, you will not be able to evaluate the economic merits, transaction terms or other financial or operational data concerning our investments prior to purchasing shares of our common stock. You must rely on FB Advisor and our board of directors to implement our investment policies, to evaluate our investment opportunities and to structure the terms of our investments. Because investors are not able to evaluate our investments in advance of purchasing shares of our common stock, this offering may entail more risk than other types of offerings. This additional risk may hinder your ability to achieve your own personal investment objectives related to portfolio diversification, risk-adjusted investment returns and other objectives.
We are a new company and have no operating history.
We were formed on December 21, 2007 and will not commence operations until we receive gross proceeds of $2.5 million from this offering, which we refer to meeting the minimum offering requirement. We are subject to all of the business risks and uncertainties associated with any new business, including the risk that we will not achieve our investment objectives and that the value of our common stock could decline substantially.
Our ability to achieve our investment objectives depends on FB Advisors ability to manage and support our investment process. If FB Advisor were to lose any members of its senior management team, our ability to achieve our investment objectives could be significantly harmed.
Since we have no employees, we will depend on the investment expertise, skill and network of business contacts of FB Advisor. FB Advisor will evaluate, negotiate, structure, execute, monitor and service our investments. Our future success will depend to a significant extent on the continued service and coordination of FB Advisor, including Messrs. Forman and Adelman. Neither of Messrs. Forman or Adelman is subject to an employment contract with FB Advisor, nor will they receive any compensation from us, other than payments made to FB Advisor pursuant to the investment advisory and administrative services agreement. The departure of either of these individuals could have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our investment objectives.
Our ability to achieve our investment objectives depends on FB Advisors ability, with the assistance of GDFM, to identify, analyze, invest in, finance and monitor companies that meet our investment criteria. FB Advisors capabilities in structuring the investment process, providing competent, attentive and efficient services to us, and facilitating access to financing on acceptable terms depend on the employment of investment professionals in an adequate number and of adequate sophistication to match the corresponding flow of transactions. To achieve our investment objectives, FB Advisor may need to hire, train, supervise and manage new investment professionals to participate in our investment selection and monitoring process. FB Advisor may not be able to find investment professionals in a timely manner or at all. Failure to support our investment process could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, both the investment advisory and administrative services agreement and the sub-advisory agreement that FB Advisor has entered into with GDFM have termination provisions that allow the agreements to terminate without penalty. The investment advisory and administrative services agreement may be terminated
24
at any time, without penalty, by FB Advisor upon 120 days notice to us. The sub-advisory agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by GDFM or, upon 60 days written notice, by FB Advisor, if the board of directors or the holders of a majority of our outstanding voting securities determine that it should be terminated. If either agreement is terminated, it may adversely affect the quality of our investment opportunities. In addition, in the event such agreements were terminated, it may be difficult for us to replace FB Advisor or for FB Advisor to replace GDFM.
Because our business model depends to a significant extent upon relationships with private equity sponsors, investment banks, and commercial banks, the inability of FB Advisor and GDFM to maintain or develop these relationships, or the failure of these relationships to generate investment opportunities, could adversely affect our business.
We expect that FB Advisor and GDFM will depend on their relationships with private equity sponsors, investment banks, and commercial banks, and we will rely to a significant extent upon these relationships to provide us with potential investment opportunities. If FB Advisor or GDFM fail to maintain their existing relationships or develop new relationships with other sponsors or sources of investment opportunities, we will not be able to grow our investment portfolio. In addition, individuals with whom FB Advisor and GDFM have relationships are not obligated to provide us with investment opportunities, and, therefore, there is no assurance that such relationships will generate investment opportunities for us.
We may face increasing competition for investment opportunities, which could delay deployment of our capital, reduce returns and result in losses.
We compete for investments with other business development companies and investment funds (including private equity funds and mezzanine funds), as well as traditional financial services companies such as commercial banks and other sources of funding. Moreover, alternative investment vehicles, such as hedge funds, have begun to invest in areas they have not traditionally invested in, including making investments in small- to mid-sized private, U.S. companies. As a result of these new entrants, competition for investment opportunities in small and middle market private, U.S. companies may intensify. Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. For example, some competitors may have a lower cost of capital and access to funding sources that are not available to us. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments than we have. These characteristics could allow our competitors to consider a wider variety of investments, establish more relationships and offer better pricing and more flexible structuring than we are able to do. We may lose investment opportunities if we do not match our competitors pricing, terms and structure. If we are forced to match our competitors pricing, terms and structure, we may not be able to achieve acceptable returns on our investments or may bear substantial risk of capital loss. A significant part of our competitive advantage stems from the fact that the market for investments in small and middle market private, U.S. companies is underserved by traditional commercial banks and other financial sources. A significant increase in the number and/or the size of our competitors in this target market could force us to accept less attractive investment terms. Furthermore, many of our competitors have greater experience operating under, or are not subject to, the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act will impose on us as a business development company.
A significant portion of our investment portfolio will be recorded at fair value as determined in good faith by our board of directors and, as a result, there is and will be uncertainty as to the value of our portfolio investments.
Under the 1940 Act, we are required to carry our portfolio investments at market value or, if there is no readily available market value, at fair value as determined by our board of directors. Typically, there is not a public market for the securities of the privately held companies in which we intend to invest. As a result, we will value these securities quarterly at fair value as determined in good faith by our board of directors.
Certain factors that may be considered in determining the fair value of our investments include the nature and realizable value of any collateral, the portfolio companys earnings and its ability to make payments on its
25
indebtedness, the markets in which the portfolio company does business, comparison to comparable publicly-traded companies, discounted cash flow and other relevant factors. Because such valuations, and particularly valuations of private securities and private companies, are inherently uncertain, may fluctuate over short periods of time and may be based on estimates, our determinations of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have been used if a ready market for these securities existed. Due to this uncertainty, our fair value determinations may cause our net asset value on a given date to materially understate or overstate the value that we may ultimately realize upon the sale of one or more of our investments.
The amount of any distributions we may make is uncertain. Our distribution proceeds may exceed our earnings, particularly during the period before we have substantially invested the net proceeds from this offering. Therefore, portions of the distributions that we make may represent a return of capital to you which will lower your tax basis in your shares and reduce the amount of funds we have for investment in targeted assets. We may not be able to pay you distributions, and our distributions may not grow over time.
We intend to declare distributions monthly and pay distributions on a quarterly basis beginning no later than the first calendar quarter after the month in which the minimum offering requirement is met. We will pay these
distributions to our stockholders out of assets legally available for distribution. We cannot assure you that we will achieve investment results that will allow us to make a targeted level of cash distributions or year-to-year increases in cash distributions. Our ability to pay distributions might be adversely affected by, among other things, the impact of one or more of the risk factors described in this prospectus. In addition, the inability to satisfy the asset coverage test applicable to us as a business development company can limit our ability to pay distributions. All distributions will be paid at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our earnings, our financial condition, maintenance of our RIC status, compliance with applicable business development company regulations and such other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant from time to time. We cannot assure you that we will pay distributions to our stockholders in the future. In the event that we encounter delays in locating suitable investment opportunities, we may pay all or a substantial portion of our distributions from the proceeds of this offering or from borrowings in anticipation of future cash flow, which may constitute a return of your capital and will lower your tax basis in your shares. Distributions from the proceeds of this offering or from borrowings also could reduce the amount of capital we ultimately invest in interests of portfolio companies.
Our board of directors may change our operating policies and strategies without prior notice or stockholder approval, the effects of which may be adverse.
Our board of directors has the authority to modify or waive our current operating policies, investment criteria and strategies without prior notice and without stockholder approval. We cannot predict the effect any changes to our current operating policies, investment criteria and strategies would have on our business, net asset value, operating results and value of our stock. However, the effects might be adverse, which could negatively impact our ability to pay you distributions and cause you to lose all or part of your investment. Moreover, we will have significant flexibility in investing the net proceeds of this offering and may use the net proceeds from this offering in ways with which investors may not agree or for purposes other than those contemplated at the time of this offering.
If we internalize our management functions, your interest in us could be diluted, and we could incur other significant costs associated with being self-managed.
Our board of directors may decide in the future to internalize our management functions. If we do so, we may elect to negotiate to acquire FB Advisors assets and personnel. At this time, we cannot anticipate the form or amount of consideration or other terms relating to any such acquisition. Such consideration could take many forms, including cash payments, promissory notes and shares of our common stock. The payment of such consideration could result in dilution of your interests as a stockholder and could reduce the earnings per share attributable to your investment.
In addition, while we would no longer bear the costs of the various fees and expenses we expect to pay to FB Advisor under the investment advisory and administrative services agreement, we would incur the
26
compensation and benefits costs of our officers and other employees and consultants that we now expect will be paid by FB Advisor or its affiliates. In addition, we may issue equity awards to officers, employees and consultants, which awards would decrease net income and may further dilute your investment. We cannot reasonably estimate the amount of fees we would save or the costs we would incur if we became self-managed. If the expenses we assume as a result of an internalization are higher than the expenses we avoid paying to FB Advisor, our earnings per share would be lower as a result of the internalization than it otherwise would have been, potentially decreasing the amount of funds available to distribute to our stockholders and the value of our shares. As currently organized, we will not have any employees. If we elect to internalize our operations, we would employ personnel and would be subject to potential liabilities commonly faced by employers, such as workers disability and compensation claims, potential labor disputes and other employee-related liabilities and grievances.
If we internalize our management functions, we could have difficulty integrating these functions as a stand-alone entity. Currently, individuals employed by FB Advisor and its affiliates perform asset management and general and administrative functions, including accounting and financial reporting, for multiple entities. These personnel have a great deal of know-how and experience. We may fail to properly identify the appropriate mix of personnel and capital needs to operate as a stand-alone entity. An inability to manage an internalization transaction effectively could thus result in our incurring excess costs and/or suffering deficiencies in our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting. Such deficiencies could cause us to incur additional costs, and our managements attention could be diverted from most effectively managing our investments.
Changes in laws or regulations governing our operations may adversely affect our business or cause us to alter our business strategy.
We and our portfolio companies will be subject to regulation at the local, state and federal level. New legislation may be enacted or new interpretations, rulings or regulations could be adopted, including those governing the types of investments we are permitted to make, any of which could harm us and our stockholders, potentially with retroactive effect.
Additionally, any changes to the laws and regulations governing our operations relating to permitted investments may cause us to alter our investment strategy to avail ourselves of new or different opportunities. Such changes could result in material differences to the strategies and plans set forth in this prospectus and may result in our investment focus shifting from the areas of expertise of FB Advisor and GDFM to other types of investments in which FB Advisor and GDFM may have less expertise or little or no experience. Thus, any such changes, if they occur, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of your investment.
Efforts to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act will involve significant expenditures, and non-compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may adversely affect us.
Upon commencement of this offering, we will be subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the related rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC. Under current SEC rules, beginning with our fiscal year ending December 31, 2008, our management will be required to report on our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder. We will be required to review on an annual basis our internal control over financial reporting, and on a quarterly and annual basis to evaluate and disclose changes in our internal control over financial reporting. As a result, we expect to incur significant additional expenses in the near term, which may negatively impact our financial performance and our ability to make distributions. This process also will result in a diversion of managements time and attention. We cannot be certain as to the timing of completion of our evaluation, testing and remediation actions or the impact of the same on our operations and we may not be able to ensure that the process is effective or that our internal control over financial reporting is or will be effective in a timely manner. In the event that we are unable to maintain or achieve compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and related rules, we may be adversely affected.
27
We may experience fluctuations in our quarterly results.
We could experience fluctuations in our quarterly operating results due to a number of factors, including our ability or inability to make investments in companies that meet our investment criteria, the interest rate payable on the debt securities we acquire, the level of our expenses, variations in and the timing of the recognition of realized and unrealized gains or losses, the degree to which we encounter competition in our markets and general economic conditions. As a result of these factors, results for any period should not be relied upon as being indicative of performance in future periods.
Risks Related to FB Advisor and Its Affiliates
FB Advisor has no prior experience managing a business development company or a regulated investment company, or RIC.
FB Advisor has no prior experience managing a BDC or a RIC and may not be able to successfully operate our business or achieve our investment objectives. As a result, an investment in our shares of common stock may entail more risk than the shares of common stock of a comparable company with a substantial operating history.
The 1940 Act and the Code impose numerous constraints on the operations of business development companies and RICs that do not apply to the other types of investment vehicles previously managed by FB Advisor. For example, under the 1940 Act, business development companies are required to invest at least 70% of their total assets primarily in securities of qualifying U.S. private or thinly traded companies. Moreover, qualification for RIC tax treatment under subchapter M of the Code requires satisfaction of source-of-income, diversification and other requirements. The failure to comply with these provisions in a timely manner could prevent us from qualifying as a business development company or RIC or could force us to pay unexpected taxes and penalties, which could be material. FB Advisor has no experience managing a business development company or RIC. Its lack of experience in managing a portfolio of assets under such constraints may hinder its ability to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities and, as a result, achieve our investment objectives.
FB Advisor and its affiliates, including our officers and some of our directors, will face conflicts of interest caused by compensation arrangements with us and our affiliates, which could result in actions that are not in the best interests of our stockholders.
FB Advisor and its affiliates will receive substantial fees from us in return for their services, and these fees could influence the advice provided to us. Among other matters, the compensation arrangements could affect their judgment with respect to public offerings of equity by us, which allow the dealer manager to earn additional dealer manager fees and FB Advisor to earn increased asset management fees.
We may be obligated to pay FB Advisor incentive compensation even if we incur a net loss due to a decline in the value of our portfolio.
Our investment advisory and administrative services agreement entitles FB Advisor to receive incentive compensation on income regardless of any capital losses. In such case, we may be required to pay FB Advisor incentive compensation for a fiscal quarter even if there is a decline in the value of our portfolio or if we incur a net loss for that quarter.
Any incentive fee payable by us that relates to our net investment income may be computed and paid on income that may include interest that has been accrued but not yet received. If a portfolio company defaults on a loan that is structured to provide accrued interest, it is possible that accrued interest previously included in the calculation of the incentive fee will become uncollectible. FB Advisor is not under any obligation to reimburse us for any part of the incentive fee it received that was based on accrued income that we never received as a result of a default by an entity on the obligation that resulted in the accrual of such income, and such circumstances would result in our paying an incentive fee on income we never received.
28
For federal income tax purposes, we may be required to recognize taxable income (such as deferred interest that is accrued as original issue discount) in circumstances in which we do not receive a corresponding payment in cash and to make distributions with respect to such income to maintain our status as a RIC even though we will not have received any corresponding cash amount. Under such circumstances, we may have difficulty meeting the annual distribution requirement necessary to obtain and maintain RIC tax treatment under the Code. This difficulty in making the required distribution may be amplified to the extent that we are required to pay an incentive fee with respect to such accrued income for which we have not received a corresponding cash payment. We may have to sell some of our investments at times and/or at prices we would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital or forgo new investment opportunities for this purpose. If we are not able to obtain cash from other sources, we may fail to qualify for RIC tax treatment and thus become subject to corporate-level income tax. For additional discussion regarding the tax implications of a RIC, See Material U.S. Federal Income Tax ConsiderationsTaxation as a Regulated Investment Company.
The time and resources that individuals employed by FB Advisor and GDFM devote to us may be diverted and we may face additional competition due to the fact that individuals employed by FB Advisor and GDFM are not prohibited from raising money for or managing another entity that makes the same types of investments that we target.
Neither FB Advisor nor the GSO Group are prohibited from raising money for and managing another investment entity that makes the same types of investments as those we target. As a result, the time and resources that these individuals may devote to us may be diverted. In addition, we may compete with any such investment entity for the same investors and investment opportunities. We may also co-invest with any such investment entity to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, or the rules and regulations thereunder, or by any SEC exemptive order we are required to obtain to permit such co-investment. GDFM, however, does not have investment discretion over our portfolio. Accordingly, consistent with our reading of the 1940 Act, the rules thereunder, and, in particular, the interpretations of the staff of the SEC, we believe that we have the ability to co-invest in a portfolio company with GDFM or one or more of its affiliates without the need to obtain relief from the SEC. In the event the SEC or its staff takes a different position in this regard, we could be limited in our ability to invest in certain portfolio companies in which GDFM or any of its affiliates are investing or are invested.
Our incentive fee may induce FB Advisor to make, and GDFM to recommend, speculative investments.
The incentive fee payable by us to FB Advisor may create an incentive for it to make investments on our behalf that are risky or more speculative than would be the case in the absence of such compensation arrangement. The way in which the incentive fee payable to FB Advisor is determined may encourage it to use leverage to increase the return on our investments. In addition, the fact that our base management fee is payable based upon our gross assets, which would include any borrowings for investment purposes, may encourage FB Advisor to use leverage to make additional investments. Under certain circumstances, the use of leverage may increase the likelihood of default, which would disfavor holders of our common stock. Such a practice could result in our investing in more speculative securities than would otherwise be the case, which could result in higher investment losses, particularly during cyclical economic downturns. In addition, since GDFM will receive a portion of the advisory fees paid to FB Advisor, GDFM may have an incentive to recommend investments that are riskier or more speculative.
Risks Related to Business Development Companies
Failure to invest a sufficient portion of our assets in qualifying assets could preclude us from investing in accordance with our current business strategy and maintaining our status as a business development company.
As a business development company, we may not acquire any assets other than qualifying assets unless, at the time of and after giving effect to such acquisition, at least 70% of our total assets are qualifying assets. See Regulation. Therefore, we may be precluded from investing in what we believe are attractive investments if such investments are not qualifying assets, or we could lose our status as a BDC, which would have a material
29
adverse effect on our business, financial condition and result of operations. Similarly, these rules could prevent us from making additional investments in existing portfolio companies, which could result in the dilution of our position, or could require us to dispose of investments at an inopportune time to comply with the 1940 Act. If we were forced to sell non-qualifying investments in the portfolio for compliance purposes, the proceeds from such sale could be significantly less than the current value of such investments.
Failure to maintain our status as a business development company would reduce our operating flexibility.
If we do not remain a business development company, we might be regulated as a closed-end investment company under the 1940 Act, which would subject us to substantially more regulatory restrictions under the 1940 Act and correspondingly decrease our operating flexibility.
Regulations governing our operation as a business development company and RIC will affect our ability to raise, and the way in which we raise, additional capital or borrow for investment purposes, which may have a negative effect on our growth.
As a result of the annual distribution requirement to qualify as a RIC, we may need to periodically access the capital markets to raise cash to fund new investments. We may issue senior securities, including borrowing money from banks or other financial institutions only in amounts such that our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, equals at least 200% after such incurrence or issuance. Our ability to issue different types of securities is also limited. Compliance with these requirements may unfavorably limit our investment opportunities and reduce our ability in comparison to other companies to profit from favorable spreads between the rates at which we can borrow and the rates at which we can lend. As a business development company, therefore, we intend to continuously issue equity at a rate more frequent than our privately owned competitors, which may lead to greater stockholder dilution.
We expect to borrow for investment purposes. If the value of our assets declines, we may be unable to satisfy the asset coverage test, which would prohibit us from paying distributions and could prevent us from qualifying as a RIC. If we cannot satisfy the asset coverage test, we may be required to sell a portion of our investments and, depending on the nature of our debt financing, repay a portion of our indebtedness at a time when such sales may be disadvantageous.
Under the 1940 Act, we generally are prohibited from issuing or selling our common stock at a price below net asset value per share, which may be a disadvantage as compared with other public companies. We may, however, sell our common stock, or warrants, options or rights to acquire our common stock, at a price below the current net asset value of the common stock if our board of directors and independent directors determine that such sale is in our best interests and the best interests of our stockholders, and our stockholders as well as those stockholders that are not affiliated with us approve such sale. In any such case, the price at which our securities are to be issued and sold may not be less than a price that, in the determination of our board of directors, closely approximates the fair value of such securities.
Our ability to enter into transactions with our affiliates will be restricted.
We will be prohibited under the 1940 Act from participating in certain transactions with certain of our affiliates without the prior approval of a majority of the independent members of our board of directors and, in some cases, the SEC. Any person that owns, directly or indirectly, 5% or more of our outstanding voting securities will be our affiliate for purposes of the 1940 Act and we will generally be prohibited from buying or selling any securities from or to such affiliate, absent the prior approval of our board of directors. The 1940 Act also prohibits certain joint transactions with certain of our affiliates, which could include investments in the same portfolio company (whether at the same or different times), without prior approval of our board of directors and, in some cases, the SEC. If a person acquires more than 25% of our voting securities, we will be prohibited from buying or selling any security from or to such person or certain of that persons affiliates, or entering into prohibited joint transactions with such persons, absent the prior approval of the SEC. Similar restrictions limit our ability to transact business with our officers or directors or their affiliates. As a result of these restrictions, we
30
may be prohibited from buying or selling any security from or to any portfolio company of a private equity fund managed by FB Advisor without the prior approval of the SEC, which may limit the scope of investment opportunities that would otherwise be available to us.
We are uncertain of our sources for funding our future capital needs; if we cannot obtain debt or equity financing on acceptable terms, our ability to acquire investments and to expand our operations will be adversely affected.
The net proceeds from the sale of shares will be used for our investment opportunities, operating expenses and for payment of various fees and expenses such as base management fees, incentive fees and other fees. Any working capital reserves we maintain may not be sufficient for investment purposes, and we may require debt or equity financing to operate. Accordingly, in the event that we develop a need for additional capital in the future for investments or for any other reason, these sources of funding may not be available to us. Consequently, if we cannot obtain debt or equity financing on acceptable terms, our ability to acquire investments and to expand our operations will be adversely affected. As a result, we would be less able to achieve portfolio diversification and our investment objectives, which may negatively impact our results of operations and reduce our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Risks Related to Our Investments
Unfavorable economic conditions may affect our ability to borrow for investment purposes or to borrow on sufficiently favorable terms and may therefore adversely affect our ability to achieve our investment objectives.
Unfavorable economic conditions could increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us. An inability to successfully access the capital markets could limit our ability to grow our business and fully execute our business strategy and could decrease our earnings, if any.
Our investments in prospective portfolio companies may be risky, and we could lose all or part of our investment.
We intend to invest primarily in senior secured term loans, second lien loans and mezzanine debt and selected equity investments issued by small and middle market companies.
Senior Secured Loans and Second Lien Loans. When we extend senior secured term loans and second lien loans, we will generally take a security interest in the available assets of these portfolio companies, including the equity interests of their subsidiaries. We expect this security interest to help mitigate the risk that we will not be repaid. However, there is a risk that the collateral securing our loans may decrease in value over time, may be difficult to sell in a timely manner, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based upon the success of the business and market conditions, including as a result of the inability of the portfolio company to raise additional capital. Also, in some circumstances, our lien could be subordinated to claims of other creditors. In addition, deterioration in a portfolio companys financial condition and prospects, including its inability to raise additional capital, may be accompanied by deterioration in the value of the collateral for the loan. Consequently, the fact that a loan is secured does not guarantee that we will receive principal and interest payments according to the loans terms, or at all, or that we will be able to collect on the loan should we be forced to enforce our remedies.
Mezzanine Debt. Our mezzanine debt investments will generally be subordinated to senior loans and will generally be unsecured. This may result in an above-average amount of risk and volatility or a loss of principal.
These investments may involve additional risks that could adversely affect our investment returns. To the extent interest payments associated with such debt are deferred, such debt may be subject to greater fluctuations in valuations, and such debt could subject us and our stockholders to non-cash income. Since we will not receive any principal repayments prior to the maturity of some of our mezzanine debt investments, such investments will be of greater risk than amortizing loans.
31
Equity Investments. We expect to make selected equity investments. In addition, when we invest in first and second lien senior loans or mezzanine debt, we may acquire warrants to purchase equity securities. Our goal is ultimately to dispose of these equity interests and realize gains upon our disposition of such interests. However, the equity interests we receive may not appreciate in value and, in fact, may decline in value. Accordingly, we may not be able to realize gains from our equity interests, and any gains that we do realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses we experience.
In addition, investing in small and middle market companies involves a number of significant risks, including that they:
| may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations under their debt securities that we hold, which may be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of us realizing any guarantees we may have obtained in connection with our investment; |
| have shorter operating histories, narrower product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors actions and changing market conditions, as well as general economic downturns; |
| are more likely to depend on the management talents and efforts of a small group of persons; therefore, the death, disability, resignation or termination of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on our portfolio company and, in turn, on us; |
| generally have less predictable operating results, may from time to time be parties to litigation, may be engaged in rapidly changing businesses with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence, and may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, finance expansion or maintain their competitive position. In addition, our executive officers, directors and members of FB Advisor may, in the ordinary course of business, be named as defendants in litigation arising from our investments in the portfolio companies; and |
| may have difficulty accessing the capital markets to meet future capital needs, which may limit their ability to grow or to repay their outstanding indebtedness upon maturity. |
Our portfolio companies may incur debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, our investments in such companies.
We will invest primarily in first lien, second lien, and mezzanine debt issued by small and middle market private, U.S. companies. Our portfolio companies may have, or may be permitted to incur, other debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, the debt in which we invest. By their terms, such debt instruments may entitle the holders to receive payment of interest or principal on or before the dates on which we are entitled to receive payments with respect to the debt instruments in which we invest. Also, in the event of insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of a portfolio company, holders of debt instruments ranking senior to our investment in that portfolio company would typically be entitled to receive payment in full before we receive any distribution. After repaying such senior creditors, such portfolio company may not have any remaining assets to use for repaying its obligation to us. In the case of debt ranking equally with debt instruments in which we invest, we would have to share on an equal basis any distributions with other creditors holding such debt in the event of an insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of the relevant portfolio company.
There may be circumstances where our debt investments could be subordinated to claims of other creditors or we could be subject to lender liability claims.
Even though we intend to generally structure certain of our investments as senior loans, if one of our portfolio companies were to go bankrupt, depending on the facts and circumstances, including the extent to which we actually provided managerial assistance to that portfolio company, a bankruptcy court might recharacterize our debt investment and subordinate all or a portion of our claim to that of other creditors. We may also be subject to lender liability claims for actions taken by us with respect to a borrowers business or instances where we exercise control over the borrower. It is possible that we could become subject to a lenders liability claim, including as a result of actions taken in rendering significant managerial assistance.
32
Second priority liens on collateral securing loans that we will make to our portfolio companies may be subject to control by senior creditors with first priority liens. If there is a default, the value of the collateral may not be sufficient to repay in full both the first priority creditors and us.
Certain loans that we will make to portfolio companies will be secured on a second priority basis by the same collateral securing senior secured debt of such companies. The first priority liens on the collateral will secure the portfolio companys obligations under any outstanding senior debt and may secure certain other future debt that may be permitted to be incurred by the company under the agreements governing the loans. The holders of obligations secured by the first priority liens on the collateral will generally control the liquidation of and be entitled to receive proceeds from any realization of the collateral to repay their obligations in full before us. In addition, the value of the collateral in the event of liquidation will depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. There can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from the sale or sales of all of the collateral would be sufficient to satisfy the loan obligations secured by the second priority liens after payment in full of all obligations secured by the first priority liens on the collateral. If such proceeds are not sufficient to repay amounts outstanding under the loan obligations secured by the second priority liens, then we, to the extent not repaid from the proceeds of the sale of the collateral, will only have an unsecured claim against the companys remaining assets, if any.
The rights we may have with respect to the collateral securing the loans we make to our portfolio companies with senior debt outstanding may also be limited pursuant to the terms of one or more intercreditor agreements that we enter into with the holders of senior debt. Under such an intercreditor agreement, at any time that obligations that have the benefit of the first priority liens are outstanding, any of the following actions that may be taken in respect of the collateral will be at the direction of the holders of the obligations secured by the first priority liens: the ability to cause the commencement of enforcement proceedings against the collateral; the ability to control the conduct of such proceedings; the approval of amendments to collateral documents; releases of liens on the collateral; and waivers of past defaults under collateral documents. We may not have the ability to control or direct such actions, even if our rights are adversely affected.
We generally will not control our portfolio companies.
We do not expect to control most of our portfolio companies, even though we may have board representation or board observation rights, and our debt agreements may contain certain restrictive covenants. As a result, we are subject to the risk that a portfolio company in which we invest may make business decisions with which we disagree and the management of such company, as representatives of the holders of their common equity, may take risks or otherwise act in ways that do not serve our interests as debt investors. Due to the lack of liquidity for our investments in non-traded companies, we may not be able to dispose of our interests in our portfolio companies as readily as we would like or at an appropriate valuation. As a result, a portfolio company may make decisions that could decrease the value of our portfolio holdings.
We will be exposed to risks associated with changes in interest rates.
We are subject to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates. General interest rate fluctuations may have a substantial negative impact on our investments and investment opportunities and, accordingly have a material adverse effect on our investment objectives and our rate of return on invested capital. In addition, an increase in interest rates would make it more expensive to use debt for our financing needs, if any.
Economic recessions or downturns could impair our portfolio companies and harm our operating results.
Many of our portfolio companies may be susceptible to economic slowdowns or recessions and may be unable to repay our debt investments during these periods. Therefore, our non-performing assets are likely to increase, and the value of our portfolio is likely to decrease during these periods. Adverse economic conditions also may decrease the value of collateral securing some of our debt investments and the value of
33
our equity investments. Economic slowdowns or recessions could lead to financial losses in our portfolio and a decrease in revenues, net income and asset values. Unfavorable economic conditions also could increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us on terms we deem acceptable. These events could prevent us from increasing investments and harm our operating results.
The debt and equity capital markets in the United States have been severely impacted by a significant deterioration in the credit performance of subprime mortgages and the repricing of credit risk in the syndicated loan market, among other things. These events, along with the deterioration of the housing market, have led to worsening general economic conditions and have reduced the availability of debt and equity capital for the market as a whole and financial firms in particular. These conditions may impact the ability of our portfolio companies to repay their debt obligations and may also make it difficult for us to incur leverage on favorable terms, or at all.
Defaults by our portfolio companies will harm our operating results.
A portfolio companys failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by us or other lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, termination of its loans and foreclosure on its secured assets, which could trigger cross-defaults under other agreements and jeopardize a portfolio companys ability to meet its obligations under the debt or equity securities that we hold. We may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms, which may include the waiver of certain financial covenants, with a defaulting portfolio company.
We may not realize gains from our equity investments.
Certain investments that we may make could include warrants or other equity securities. In addition, we may make direct equity investments in companies. Our goal is ultimately to realize gains upon our disposition of such equity interests. However, the equity interests we receive may not appreciate in value and, in fact, may decline in value. Accordingly, we may not be able to realize gains from our equity interests, and any gains that we do realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses we experience. We also may be unable to realize any value if a portfolio company does not have a liquidity event, such as a sale of the business, recapitalization or public offering, which would allow us to sell the underlying equity interests. We intend to seek puts or similar rights to give us the right to sell our equity securities back to the portfolio company issuer. We may be unable to exercise these puts rights for the consideration provided in our investment documents if the issuer is in financial distress.
An investment strategy focused primarily on privately held companies presents certain challenges, including the lack of available information about these companies.
We intend to invest primarily in privately held companies. Investments in private companies pose certain incremental risks as compared to investments in public companies. First, private companies have reduced access to the capital markets, resulting in diminished capital resources and ability to withstand financial distress. Second, the investments themselves tend to be less liquid. As such, we may have difficulty exiting an investment promptly or at a desired price prior to maturity or outside of a normal amortization schedule. Finally, little public information generally exists about private companies. Further, these companies may not have third-party debt ratings or audited financial statements. We must therefore rely on the ability of FB Advisor and/or GDFM to obtain adequate information through due diligence to evaluate the creditworthiness and potential returns from investing in these companies. These companies and their financial information will generally not be subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other rules that govern public companies. If we are unable to uncover all material information about these companies, we may not make a fully informed investment decision, and we may lose money on our investments. As a result, the relative lack of liquidity and the potential diminished capital resources of our target portfolio companies may affect our investment returns.
34
The lack of liquidity in our investments may adversely affect our business.
We intend to invest in companies whose securities are not publicly traded, and whose securities will be subject to legal and other restrictions on resale or will otherwise be less liquid than publicly traded securities. The illiquidity of these investments may make it difficult for us to sell these investments when desired. In addition, if we are required to liquidate all or a portion of our portfolio quickly, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we had previously recorded these investments. As a result, we do not expect to achieve liquidity in our investments in the near-term. We expect that our investments will generally be subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale or are otherwise illiquid because there is usually no established trading market for such investments. The illiquidity of most of our investments may make it difficult for us to dispose of them at a favorable price, and, as a result, we may suffer losses.
We may not have the funds or ability to make additional investments in our portfolio companies.
We may not have the funds or ability to make additional investments in our portfolio companies. After our initial investment in a portfolio company, we may be called upon from time to time to provide additional funds to such company or have the opportunity to increase our investment through the exercise of a warrant to purchase common stock. There is no assurance that we will make, or will have sufficient funds to make, follow-on investments. Any decisions not to make a follow-on investment or any inability on our part to make such an
investment may have a negative impact on a portfolio company in need of such an investment, may result in a missed opportunity for us to increase our participation in a successful operation or may reduce the expected return on the investment.
Risks Relating to Debt Financing
If we borrow money, the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested in us will be magnified and may increase the risk of investing in us.
Borrowings, also known as leverage, magnify the potential for gain or loss on invested equity capital. If we use leverage to partially finance our investments, through borrowing from banks and other lenders, you will experience increased risks of investing in our common stock. If the value of our assets increases, leveraging would cause the net asset value attributable to our common stock to increase more sharply than it would have had we not leveraged. Conversely, if the value of our assets decreases, leveraging would cause net asset value to decline more sharply than it otherwise would have had we not leveraged. Similarly, any increase in our income in excess of interest payable on the borrowed funds would cause our net income to increase more than it would without the leverage, while any decrease in our income would cause net income to decline more sharply than it would have had we not borrowed. Such a decline could negatively affect our ability to make common stock distribution payments. Leverage is generally considered a speculative investment technique.
Changes in interest rates may affect our cost of capital and net investment income.
Since we intend to use debt to finance investments, our net investment income will depend, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the rate at which we invest those funds. As a result, we can offer no assurance that a significant change in market interest rates will not have a material adverse effect on our net investment income. In periods of rising interest rates when we have debt outstanding, our cost of funds will increase, which could reduce our net investment income. We expect that our long-term fixed-rate investments will be financed primarily with equity and long-term debt. We may use interest rate risk management techniques in an effort to limit our exposure to interest rate fluctuations. These techniques may include various interest rate hedging activities to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. These activities may limit our ability to participate in the benefits of lower interest rates with respect to the hedged portfolio. Adverse developments resulting from changes in interest rates or hedging transactions could have a material adverse
35
effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Also, we have limited experience in entering into hedging transactions, and we will initially have to purchase or develop such expertise.
You should also be aware that a rise in the general level of interest rates can be expected to lead to higher interest rates applicable to our debt investments. Accordingly, an increase in interest rates would make it easier for us to meet or exceed the incentive fee preferred return and may result in a substantial increase of the amount of incentive fees payable to FB Advisor with respect to pre-incentive fee net investment income. See Investment Advisory and Administrative Services Agreement.
Risks Relating to this Offering and Our Common Stock
Investors will not know the purchase price per share at the time they submit their subscription agreements and could receive fewer shares of common stock than anticipated if our board of directors determines to increase the offering price to comply with the requirement that we avoid selling shares below net asset value.
After meeting the minimum offering requirement, the purchase price at which you purchase shares will be determined at each monthly closing date to ensure that the sales price is equal to or greater than the net asset value of our shares, after deducting selling commissions and dealer manager fees. As a result, your purchase price may be higher than the prior monthly closing price per share, and therefore you may receive a smaller number of shares than if you had subscribed at the prior monthly closing price. See Determination of Net Asset Value.
This is a best efforts offering, and if we are unable to raise substantial funds, we will be limited in the number and type of investments we may make, and the value of your investment in us may be reduced in the event our assets under-perform.
This offering is being made on a best efforts basis, whereby the dealer manager and broker-dealers participating in the offering are only required to use their best efforts to sell our shares and have no firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of the shares. Even though we have established a minimum size of our offering necessary for us to release funds from the escrow account and utilize subscription funds, such amount will not, by itself, be sufficient for us to purchase a diversified portfolio of investments. To the extent that less than the maximum number of shares is subscribed for, the opportunity for diversification of our investments may be decreased and the returns achieved on those investments may be reduced as a result of allocating all of our expenses among a smaller capital base.
The shares sold in this offering will not be listed on an exchange or quoted through a quotation system for the foreseeable future, if ever. Therefore, if you purchase shares in this offering, you will have limited liquidity and may not receive a full return of your invested capital if you sell your shares.
The shares offered by us are illiquid assets for which there is not expected to be any secondary market nor is it expected that any will develop in the future. We intend to seek to complete a liquidity event for our stockholders between five and seven years following the completion of our offering stage. However, there can be no assurance that we will complete a liquidity event within such time or at all. We expect that our board of directors, in the exercise of its fiduciary duty to our stockholders, will determine to pursue a liquidity event when it believes that then-current market conditions are favorable for a liquidity event, and that such a event is in the best interests of our stockholders. A liquidity event could include (1) the sale of all or substantially all of our assets either on a complete portfolio basis or individually followed by a liquidation, (2) a listing of our shares on a national securities exchange or (3) a merger or another transaction approved by our board in which our stockholders will receive cash or shares of a publicly traded company.
Prior to the completion of a liquidity event, our share repurchase program may provide a limited opportunity for you to have your shares of common stock repurchased, subject to certain restrictions and limitations, at a
36
price which may reflect a discount from the purchase price you paid for the shares being repurchased. See Share Repurchase Program for a detailed description of our share repurchase program.
In making the decision to apply for listing of our shares, our directors will try to determine whether listing our shares or liquidating our assets will result in greater value for our stockholders. In making a determination of what type of liquidity event is in the best interest of our stockholders, our board of directors, including our independent directors, may consider a variety of criteria, including, but not limited to, market conditions, portfolio diversification, portfolio performance, our financial condition, potential access to capital as a listed company, market conditions for the sale of our assets or listing of our common stock, internal management requirements to become a perpetual life company and the potential for stockholder liquidity. If our shares are listed, we cannot assure you a public trading market will develop. Since a portion of the offering price from the sale of shares in this offering will be used to pay expenses and fees, the full offering price paid by stockholders will not be invested in portfolio companies. As a result, even if we do complete a liquidity event, you may not receive a return of all of your invested capital.
We established the offering price for our shares of common stock on an arbitrary basis, and the offering price may not accurately reflect the value of our assets.
The price of our common stock prior to meeting the minimum offering requirement was established on an arbitrary basis and is not based on the amount or nature of our assets or our book value. Therefore, at any given time, the offering price may be higher than the value of our interests in portfolio companies.
The dealer manager in this offering is a newly-formed entity and may be unable to sell a sufficient number of shares of common stock for us to achieve our investment objectives.
FS2 Capital Partners, LLC, which will serve as the dealer manager in this offering, is a newly-formed entity and has no experience selling shares on behalf of a business development company. There is no assurance that it will be able to sell a sufficient number of shares to allow us to have adequate funds to purchase a diversified portfolio of investments. As a result, we may be unable to achieve our investment objectives, and you could lose some or all of the value of your investment.
Our ability to successfully conduct this offering is dependent, in part, on the ability of the dealer manager to successfully establish, operate and maintain a network of broker-dealers.
The dealer manager for this offering is FS2 Capital Partners, LLC, or our dealer manager. Other than serving as dealer manager for this offering, the dealer manager has no experience acting as a dealer manager for a public offering. The success of this offering, and correspondingly our ability to implement our business strategy, is dependent upon the ability of the dealer manager to establish and maintain a network of licensed securities brokers-dealers and other agents. If the dealer manager fails to perform, we may not be able to raise adequate proceeds through this offering to implement our investment strategy. If we are unsuccessful in implementing our investment strategy, you could lose all or a part of your investment.
Beginning 12 months after we meet the minimum offering requirement, we intend to offer to repurchase your shares on a quarterly basis. As a result you will have limited opportunities to sell your shares and, to the extent are able to sell your shares under the program, you may not be able to recover the amount of your investment in our shares.
Beginning one year after we meet the minimum offering requirement, we intend to commence tender offers to allow you to tender your shares on a quarterly basis at a price equal to 90% of the offering price on the date of repurchase. As proposed, the share repurchase program will include numerous restrictions that limit your ability to sell your shares. We intend to limit the number of shares repurchased pursuant to our proposed share repurchase program as follows: (1) we currently intend to limit the number of shares to be repurchased during
37
any calendar year to the number of shares we can repurchase with the proceeds we receive from the sale of shares of our common stock under our distribution reinvestment plan. At the discretion of our board of directors, we may also use cash on hand, cash available from borrowings and cash from liquidation of securities investments as of the end of the applicable period to repurchase shares; (2) we do not expect to repurchase shares in any calendar year in excess of 10% of the weighted average number of shares outstanding in the prior calendar year, or 2.5% in each quarter; (3) unless you tender all of your shares, you must tender at least 25% of the amount of shares you have purchased in the offering and must maintain a minimum balance of $5,000 subsequent to submitting a portion of your shares for repurchase by us; and (4) to the extent that the number of shares put to us for repurchase exceeds the number of shares that we are able to purchase, we will repurchase shares on a pro rata basis, not on a first-come, first-served basis. Further, we will have no obligation to repurchase shares if the repurchase would violate the restrictions on distributions under federal law or Maryland law, which prohibits distributions that would cause a corporation to fail to meet statutory tests of solvency. These limits may prevent us from accommodating all repurchase requests made in any year. Our board of directors may amend, suspend or terminate the repurchase program upon 30 days notice. We will notify you of such developments (1) in the quarterly reports mentioned above or (2) by means of a separate mailing to you, accompanied by disclosure in a current or periodic report under the Exchange Act. During this offering, we will also include this information in a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement, as then required under federal securities laws. In addition, although we have adopted a share repurchase program, we have discretion to not repurchase your shares, to suspend the plan, and to cease repurchases. Further, the plan has many limitations and should not be relied upon as a method to sell shares promptly and at a desired price.
The timing of our repurchase offers pursuant to our share repurchase program may be at a time that is disadvantageous to our stockholders.
When we make quarterly repurchase offers pursuant to the share repurchase program, we may offer to repurchase shares at a price that is lower than the price you paid for shares in our offering. As a result, to the extent you have the ability to sell your shares to us as part of our share repurchase program, the price at which you may sell your shares, which we expect to be 90% of the offering price on the date of repurchase under ordinary conditions, may be lower than what you paid in connection with your purchase of shares in our offering.
In addition, in the event you choose to participate in our share repurchase program, you will be required to provide us such with notice of your intent to participate prior to knowing what the net asset value per share will be on the repurchase date. Although you will have the ability to withdraw your repurchase request prior to the repurchase date, to the extent you seek to sell your shares to us as part of our periodic share repurchase program, you will be required to do so without knowledge of what the repurchase price of our shares will be on the repurchase date.
Because the dealer manager is one of our affiliates, you will not have the benefit of an independent due diligence review of us, which is customarily performed in firm commitment underwritten offerings; the absence of an independent due diligence review increases the risks and uncertainty you face as a stockholder.
The dealer manager, FS2 Capital Partners, LLC, is one of our affiliates. As a result, its due diligence review and investigation of us and this prospectus cannot be considered to be an independent review. Therefore, you do not have the benefit of an independent review and investigation of this offering of the type normally performed by an unaffiliated, independent underwriter in a firm commitment underwritten public securities offering.
We may be unable to invest a significant portion of the net proceeds of this offering on acceptable terms in the timeframe contemplated by this prospectus.
Delays in investing the net proceeds of this offering may impair our performance. We cannot assure you that we will be able to identify any investments that meet our investment objectives or that any investment that we make will produce a positive return. We may be unable to invest the net proceeds of this offering on acceptable
38
terms within the time period that we anticipate or at all, which could harm our financial condition and operating results.
We anticipate that, depending on market conditions, it may take us several months before we have raised sufficient funds to make any investments or to invest the proceeds of this offering in securities meeting our investment objectives and providing sufficient diversification of our portfolio. During this period, we will invest the net proceeds of this offering primarily in cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities, repurchase agreements and high-quality debt instruments maturing in one year or less from the time of investment, which may produce returns that are significantly lower than the returns which we expect to achieve when our portfolio is fully invested in securities meeting our investment objectives. As a result, any distributions that we pay during this period may be substantially lower than the distributions that we may be able to pay when our portfolio is fully invested in securities meeting our investment objectives.
Your interest in us will be diluted if we issue additional shares, which could reduce the overall value of your investment.
Potential investors in this offering do not have preemptive rights to any shares we issue in the future. Our charter authorizes us to issue 500,000,000 shares of common stock. Pursuant to our charter, a majority of our entire board of directors may amend our charter to increase the number of authorized shares of stock without stockholder approval. After your purchase in this offering, our board may elect to sell additional shares in this or future public offerings, issue equity interests in private offerings or issue share-based awards to our independent directors or employees of FB Advisor. To the extent we issue additional equity interests after your purchase in this offering, your percentage ownership interest in us will be diluted. In addition, depending upon the terms and pricing of any additional offerings and the value of our investments, you may also experience dilution in the book value and fair value of your shares.
Certain provisions of our charter and bylaws as well as provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law could deter takeover attempts and have an adverse impact on the value of our common stock.
Our charter and bylaws, as well as certain statutory and regulatory requirements, contain certain provisions that may have the effect of discouraging a third party from attempting to acquire us. Under the Maryland General Corporation Law, control shares acquired in a control share acquisition have no voting rights except to the extent approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding shares owned by the acquiror, by officers or by directors who are employees of the corporation. Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the Control Share Acquisition Act under the Maryland General Corporation Law any and all acquisitions by any person of our shares of stock. Our board may amend the bylaws to remove that exemption in whole or in part without stockholder approval. The Control Share Acquisition Act (if we amend our bylaws to be subject to that Act) may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer. Under the Maryland General Corporation Law, specified business combinations, including certain mergers, consolidations, issuances of equity securities and other transactions, between a Maryland corporation and any person who owns 10% or more of the voting power of the corporations outstanding shares, and certain other parties, (each and interested stockholder), or an affiliate of the interested stockholder, are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Thereafter any of the specified business combinations must be approved by a super majority vote of the stockholders unless, among other conditions, the corporations common stockholders receive a minimum price for their shares. We are subject to the Maryland Business Combination Act. See Description of Our SecuritiesBusiness Combinations.
Under the Maryland General Corporation Law, certain statutory provisions permit a corporation that is subject to the Exchange Act and that has at least three outside directors to be subject to certain corporate governance provisions that may be inconsistent with the corporations charter and bylaws. Among other provisions, a board of directors may classify itself without the vote of stockholders. Further, the board of
39
directors, by electing into certain statutory provisions and notwithstanding the charter or bylaws, may (i) provide that a special meeting of stockholders will be called only at the request of stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting, (ii) reserve for itself the right to fix the number of directors, and (iii) retain for itself sole authority to fill vacancies created by the death, removal or resignation of a director. A corporation may be prohibited by its charter or by resolution of its board of directors from electing any of the provisions of the statute. We are not prohibited from implementing any or all of the statute.
Additionally, our board of directors may, without stockholder action, authorize the issuance of shares of stock in one or more classes or series, including preferred stock; and our board of directors may, without stockholder action, amend our charter to increase the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue. These anti-takeover provisions may inhibit a change of control in circumstances that could give the holders of our common stock the opportunity to realize a premium over the value of our common stock.
We are not obligated to complete a liquidity event by a specified date; therefore, it will be difficult for you to sell your shares.
We intend to seek to complete a liquidity event for our stockholders between five to seven years following the completion of our offering stage. We expect that our board of directors, in the exercise of the requisite standard of care applicable to directors under Maryland law, will determine to pursue a liquidity event when it believes that then-current market conditions are favorable for a liquidity event, and that such a transaction is in the best interests of our stockholders. A liquidity event could include (1) the sale of all or substantially all of our assets either on a complete portfolio basis or individually followed by a liquidation, (2) a listing of our shares on a national securities exchange, or (3) a merger or another transaction approved by our board in which our stockholders will receive cash or shares of a publicly traded company. However, there can be no assurance that we will complete a liquidity event within such time or at all. If we do not successfully complete a liquidity event, liquidity for your shares will be limited to our share repurchase program which we have no obligation to maintain.
Federal Income Tax Risks
We will be subject to corporate-level income tax if we are unable to qualify as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code or to satisfy RIC distribution requirements.
To obtain and maintain RIC tax treatment under the Code, we must meet the following annual distribution, income source and asset diversification requirements. See Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.
| The annual distribution requirement for a RIC will be satisfied if we distribute to our stockholders on an annual basis at least 90% of our net ordinary income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any. We will be subject to a 4% nondeductible federal excise tax, however, to the extent that we do not satisfy certain additional minimum distribution requirements on a calendar-year basis. Because we may use debt financing, we are subject to an asset coverage ratio requirement under the 1940 Act and may in the future become subject to certain financial covenants under loan and credit agreements that could, under certain circumstances, restrict us from making distributions necessary to satisfy the distribution requirement. If we are unable to obtain cash from other sources, we could fail to qualify for RIC tax treatment and thus become subject to corporate-level income tax. |
| The income source requirement will be satisfied if we obtain at least 90% of our income for each year from dividends, interest, gains from the sale of stock or securities or similar sources. |
| The asset diversification requirement will be satisfied if we meet certain asset diversification requirements at the end of each quarter of our taxable year. To satisfy this requirement, at least 50% of |
40
the value of our assets must consist of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. Government securities, securities of other RICs, and other acceptable securities; and no more than 25% of the value of our assets can be invested in the securities, other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs, of one issuer, of two or more issuers that are controlled, as determined under applicable Code rules, by us and that are engaged in the same or similar or related trades or businesses or of certain qualified publicly traded partnerships. Failure to meet these requirements may result in our having to dispose of certain investments quickly in order to prevent the loss of RIC status. Because most of our investments will be in private companies, and therefore will be relatively illiquid, any such dispositions could be made at disadvantageous prices and could result in substantial losses. |
If we fail to qualify for or maintain RIC tax treatment for any reason and are subject to corporate income tax, the resulting corporate taxes could substantially reduce our net assets, the amount of income available for distribution and the amount of our distributions.
We may have difficulty paying our required distributions if we recognize income before or without receiving cash representing such income.
For federal income tax purposes, we may be required to recognize taxable income in circumstances in which we do not receive a corresponding payment in cash. For example, if we hold debt obligations that are treated under applicable tax rules as having original issue discount (such as debt instruments with PIK interest or, in certain cases, increasing interest rates or issued with warrants), we must include in income each year a portion of the original issue discount that accrues over the life of the obligation, regardless of whether cash representing such income is received by us in the same taxable year. We may also have to include in income other amounts that we have not yet received in cash, such as deferred loan origination fees that are paid after origination of the loan or are paid in non-cash compensation such as warrants or stock. We anticipate that a portion of our income may constitute original issue discount or other income required to be included in taxable income prior to receipt of cash.
Because any original issue discount or other amounts accrued will be included in our investment company taxable income for the year of the accrual, we may be required to make a distribution to our stockholders in order to satisfy the annual distribution requirement, even though we will not have received any corresponding cash amount. As a result, we may have difficulty meeting the annual distribution requirement necessary to obtain and maintain RIC tax treatment under the Code. We may have to sell some of our investments at times and/or at prices we would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital or forgo new investment opportunities for this purpose. If we are not able to obtain cash from other sources, we may fail to qualify for RIC tax treatment and thus become subject to corporate-level income tax. For additional discussion regarding the tax implications of a RIC, See Material U.S. Federal Income Tax ConsiderationsTaxation as a Regulated Investment Company.
41
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Some of the statements in this prospectus constitute forward-looking statements because they relate to future events or our future performance or financial condition. The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus may include statements as to:
| our future operating results; |
| our business prospects and the prospects of our portfolio companies; |
| the impact of the investments that we expect to make; |
| the ability of our portfolio companies to achieve their objectives; |
| our expected financings and investments; |
| the adequacy of our cash resources and working capital; and |
| the timing of cash flows, if any, from the operations of our portfolio companies. |
In addition, words such as anticipate, believe, expect and intend indicate a forward-looking statement, although not all forward-looking statements include these words. The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those implied or expressed in the forward-looking statements for any reason, including the factors set forth in Risk Factors and elsewhere in this prospectus. Other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially include:
| changes in the economy; |
| risks associated with possible disruption in our operations or the economy generally due to terrorism or natural disasters; and |
| future changes in laws or regulations and conditions in our operating areas. |
We have based the forward-looking statements included in this prospectus on information available to us on the date of this prospectus, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Except as required by the federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You are advised to consult any additional disclosures that we may make directly to you or through reports that we in the future may file with the SEC, including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K. The forward-looking statements and projections contained in this prospectus are excluded from the safe harbor protection provided by Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933.
42
The following table sets forth our estimates of how we intend to use the gross proceeds from this offering. Information is provided assuming that we sell: (1) the minimum number of shares required to meet our minimum offering requirement, or 250,000 shares and (2) the maximum number of shares registered in this offering, or 150,000,000. The amount of net proceeds may be more or less than the amount depicted in the table below depending on the public offering price of the common stock and the actual number of shares of common stock we sell in the offering.
We intend to use substantially all of the proceeds from this offering, net of expenses, to make investments in small and middle market private, U.S. companies in accordance with our investment objectives and using the strategies described in this prospectus. The remainder will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes. Based on current market conditions, we anticipate that it may take several months to fully invest the initial proceeds we receive in connection with this offering after meeting our minimum offering requirement, depending on the availability of investment opportunities that are consistent with our investment objectives and strategies.
Pending such use, we will invest the net proceeds of this offering primarily in cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities, repurchase agreements and high-quality debt instruments maturing in one year or less from the time of investment, consistent with our business development company election and our election to be taxed as a RIC.
The amounts in this table assume that the full fees and commissions are paid on all shares of our common stock offered to the public on a best efforts basis. All or a portion of the selling commission and dealer manager fee may be reduced or eliminated in connection with certain categories of sales such as sales for which a volume discount applies, sales through investment advisers or banks acting as trustees or fiduciaries and sales to our affiliates. The reduction in these fees will be accompanied by a corresponding reduction in the per share purchase price but will not affect the amounts available to us for investments. Because amounts in the following table are estimates, they may not accurately reflect the actual receipt or use of the offering proceeds.
Minimum Offering | Maximum Offering | |||||||||||
Amount | % | Amount | % | |||||||||
Gross Proceeds |
$ | 2,500,000 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,500,000,000 | 100.0 | % | ||||
Less: |
||||||||||||
Selling Commission |
$ | 175,000 | 7.0 | % | $ | 105,000,000 | 7.0 | % | ||||
Dealer Manager Fee |
$ | 75,000 | 3.0 | % | $ | 45,000,000 | 3.0 | % | ||||
Offering Expenses |
$ | 125,000 | 5.0 | % | $ | 22,500,000 | 1.5 | % | ||||
Net Proceeds/Amount Available for Investments |
$ | 2,125,000 | 85.0 | % | $ | 1,327,500,000 | 88.5 | % | ||||
43
We intend to authorize and declare distributions monthly and pay distributions on a quarterly basis beginning no later than the first calendar quarter after the month in which the minimum offering requirement is met. Subject to the board of directors discretion and applicable legal restrictions, our board of directors intends to authorize and declare a monthly distribution amount per share of our common stock. We will then calculate each stockholders specific distribution amount for the month using record and declaration dates and your distributions will begin to accrue on the date we accept your subscription for shares of our common stock. From time to time, we may also pay interim distributions at the discretion of our board. Each year a statement on Form 1099-DIV identifying the source of the distribution (i.e., paid from ordinary income, paid from net capital gains on the sale of securities, and/or a return of paid-in capital surplus which is a nontaxable distribution) will be mailed to our stockholders. Our distributions may exceed our earnings, especially during the period before we have substantially invested the proceeds from this offering. As a result, a portion of the distributions we make may represent a return of capital for tax purposes.
From time to time and not less than quarterly, FB Advisor must review our accounts to determine whether cash distributions are appropriate. We shall distribute pro rata to our stockholders funds received by us which FB Advisor deems unnecessary for us to retain.
To obtain and maintain RIC tax treatment, we must, among other things, distribute at least 90% of our net ordinary income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any. In order to avoid certain excise taxes imposed on RICs, we currently intend to distribute during each calendar year an amount at least equal to the sum of (1) 98% of our net ordinary income for the calendar year, (2) 98% of our capital gains in excess of capital losses for the one-year period ending on October 31 of the calendar year and (3) any net ordinary income and net capital gains for preceding years that were not distributed during such years and on which we paid no federal income tax. We can offer no assurance that we will achieve results that will permit the payment of any cash distributions and, if we issue senior securities, we will be prohibited from making distributions if doing so causes us to fail to maintain the asset coverage ratios stipulated by the 1940 Act or if distributions are limited by the terms of any of our borrowings. See Regulation and Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.
We have adopted an opt in distribution reinvestment plan for our common stockholders. As a result, if we make a distribution, then stockholders will receive distributions in cash unless they specifically opt in to the distribution reinvestment plan so as to have their cash distributions reinvested in additional shares of our common stock. See Distribution Reinvestment Plan.
44
DISCUSSION OF THE COMPANYS EXPECTED OPERATING PLANS
The information in this section contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Please see Risk Factors and Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements. You should read the following discussion in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
Overview
We are a newly organized, externally managed, non-diversified closed-end investment company that has elected to be treated as a BDC under the 1940 Act and intends to elect to be treated for federal income tax purposes, and to qualify annually thereafter, as a RIC, under the Code.
We intend to provide debt and equity financing to small and middle market private, U.S. companies. Our investment objectives are to generate current income and, to a lesser extent, long-term capital appreciation.
We anticipate that our portfolio will be comprised primarily of investments in senior secured loans, second lien loans and in long-term subordinated loans, referred to as mezzanine loans, of private, small and middle market companies. In connection with our debt investments, we may receive equity interests such as warrants or options as additional consideration. We may also purchase minority common or preferred equity stakes in our target firms, either in conjunction with one of our debt investments or through a co-investment with a financial sponsor. Once we raise sufficient capital, we expect that these investments will range between $5 million and $25 million each, although investments may vary as the size of our capital base changes. Prior to raising sufficient capital, we may make smaller investments subject to liquidity constraints. See Overview of Investing in Private CompaniesInvestment Types.
Operating and Regulatory Structure
Our investment activities will be managed by FB Advisor and supervised by our board of directors, a majority of whom are independent. Under our investment advisory and administrative services agreement, we have agreed to pay FB Advisor an annual base management fee based on our gross assets as well as incentive fees based on our performance. See Investment Advisory and Administrative Services Agreement.
FB Advisor will provide us with general ledger accounting, fund accounting, and investor and other administrative services. FB Advisor has contracted with GFO Consulting, LLC to provide us with a chief financial officer, Gerard Scarpati, a consultant with that firm, and has contracted with Vigilant Compliance Services, LLC, to provide us with a chief compliance officer, Salvatore Faia, a principal with that firm.
Revenues
We plan to generate revenue in the form of dividends or interest payable on the debt securities that we hold and capital gains, if any, on convertible debt or other equity interests that we acquire in portfolio companies. In addition, we may generate revenue in the form of commitment, origination, structuring or diligence fees, monitoring fees, fees for providing managerial assistance and possibly consulting fees and performance-based fees. Any such fees will be generated in connection with our investments and recognized as earned.
Expenses
Our primary operating expenses will be the payment of advisory fees and other expenses under the investment advisory and administrative services agreement. Our investment advisory fee will compensate FB Advisor for its work in identifying, evaluating, negotiating, executing, monitoring and servicing our investments.
45
FB Advisor shall be responsible for compensating GDFM for its services pursuant to the investment sub-advisory agreement. We will bear all other expenses of our operations and transactions, including (without limitation) fees and expenses relating to:
| corporate and organizational expenses relating to offerings of our common stock, subject to limitations included in the investment advisory and administrative services agreement; |
| the cost of calculating our net asset value, including the cost of any third-party valuation services; |
| the cost of effecting sales and repurchase of shares of our common stock and other securities; |
| investment advisory fees; |
| fees payable to third parties relating to, or associated with, making investments and valuing investments, including fees and expenses associated with performing due diligence reviews of prospective investments; |
| transfer agent and custodial fees; |
| fees and expenses associated with marketing efforts; |
| federal and state registration fees |
| federal, state and local taxes; |
| independent directors fees and expenses; |
| costs of proxy statements, stockholders reports and notices; |
| fidelity bond, directors and officers/errors and omissions liability insurance and other insurance premiums; |
| direct costs such as printing, mailing, long distance telephone, and staff; |
| fees and expenses associated with independent audits and outside legal costs, including compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; |
| costs associated with our reporting and compliance obligations under the 1940 Act and applicable federal and state securities laws; |
| brokerage commissions for our investments; and |
| all other expenses incurred by FB Advisor, GDFM or us in connection with administering our business, including expenses incurred by FB Advisor or GDFM in performing its obligations, and the reimbursement of the compensation of our chief financial officer and chief compliance officer paid by FB Advisor, to the extent they are not controlling persons of FB Advisor or any of its affiliates, subject to the limitations included in the investment advisory and administrative services agreement. |
Reimbursement of FB Advisor
We will reimburse FB Advisor for the administrative expenses necessary for its performance of services to us, provided that such reimbursement shall be the lower of FB Advisors actual costs or the amount that we would be required to pay for comparable administrative services in the same geographic location, and provided further that such costs will be reasonably allocated to us on the basis of assets, revenues, time records or other reasonable methods. We will not reimburse FB Advisor for any services for which it receives a separate fee, nor for rent, depreciation, utilities, capital equipment or other administrative items allocated to a controlling person of FB Advisor.
Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources
We will generate cash primarily from the net proceeds of this offering, and from cash flows from fees, interest and dividends earned from our investments and principal repayments and proceeds from sales of our
46
investments. Our primary use of funds will be investments in portfolio companies, payments of our expenses and cash distributions to holders of our common stock. Immediately after we receive subscriptions for 250,000 shares and meet our minimum offering requirement, gross subscription funds will total $2.5 million. Subsequent to meeting our minimum offering requirement, we will then sell our shares on a continuous basis at a price of $10.00; however, to the extent that our net asset value per share increases, we will sell at a price necessary to ensure that shares are not sold at a price, after deduction of selling commissions and dealer manager fees, that is below net asset value. In connection with each monthly closing on the sale of shares of our common stock pursuant to this prospectus on a continuous basis, the board of directors or a committee thereof is required to make the determination that we are not selling shares of our common stock at a price below our then current net asset value within 48 hours of the time that we price our shares. Prior to each monthly closing, we will update the information contained in this prospectus by filing a prospectus supplement with the SEC, and we will also post any updated information to our website.
We may borrow funds to make investments, including before we have fully invested the proceeds of this offering, to the extent we determine that additional capital would allow us to take advantage of additional investment opportunities, if the market for debt financing presents attractively priced debt financing opportunities, or if our board of directors determines that leveraging our portfolio would be in our best interests and the best interests of our stockholders, though we have not decided whether, and to what extent, we will finance portfolio investments using debt. We do not currently anticipate issuing any preferred stock.
Capital Contribution by FB Advisor
In February 2008, pursuant to a private placement, Michael C. Forman and David J. Adelman, the principals of FB Advisor, contributed an aggregate of $1 million to purchase 111,112 shares of common stock at $9.00 per share which represents the public offering price of $10.00 per share and excludes selling commissions and dealer manager fees. Messrs. Forman and Adelman will not tender their shares for repurchase as long as FB Advisor remains our investment adviser.
Distribution Policy
We intend to authorize and declare distributions monthly and pay distributions on a quarterly basis beginning no later than the first calendar quarter after the month in which the minimum offering requirement is met. Subject to the board of directors discretion and applicable legal restrictions, our board of directors intends to authorize and declare a monthly distribution amount per share of our common stock. We will then calculate each stockholders specific distribution amount for the month using record and declaration dates and your distributions will begin to accrue on the date we accept your subscription for shares of our common stock. From time to time, we may also pay interim distributions at the discretion of our board. Each year a statement on Form 1099-DIV identifying the source of the distribution (i.e., paid from ordinary income, paid from net capital gains on the sale of securities, and/or a return of paid-in capital surplus which is a nontaxable distribution) will be mailed to our stockholders. Our distributions may exceed our earnings, especially during the period before we have substantially invested the proceeds from this offering. As a result, a portion of the distributions we make may represent a return of capital for tax purposes.
We intend to elect to be treated, and intend to qualify annually thereafter, as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code, beginning with our 2008 taxable year. To obtain and maintain RIC tax treatment, we must, among other things, distribute at least 90% of our ordinary income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any. In order to avoid certain excise taxes imposed on RICs, we currently intend to distribute during each calendar year an amount at least equal to the sum of (1) 98% of our ordinary income for the calendar year, (2) 98% of our capital gains in excess of capital losses for the one-year period ending on October 31 of the calendar year and (3) any ordinary income and net capital gains for preceding years that were not distributed during such years and on which we paid no federal income tax.
47
We intend to make any distributions in the form of cash under our distribution reinvestment plan, out of assets legally available therefor, unless you elect to receive your distributions and/or long-term capital gains
distributions in additional shares of our common stock. See Distribution Reinvestment Plan. Any distributions reinvested under the plan will nevertheless remain taxable to the U.S. stockholder. If you hold shares in the name of a broker or financial intermediary, you should contact the broker or financial intermediary regarding your election to receive distributions in additional shares of our common stock.
Critical Accounting Policies
This discussion of our expected operating plans is based upon our expected financial statements, which will be prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S., or GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements will require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Changes in the economic environment, financial markets and any other parameters used in determining such estimates could cause actual results to differ. In addition to the discussion below, we will describe our critical accounting policies in the notes to our future financial statements.
Valuation of Portfolio Investments
We intend to determine the net asset value of our investment portfolio each quarter. Securities that are publicly-traded will be valued at the reported closing price on the valuation date. Securities that are not publicly-traded will be valued at fair value as determined in good faith by our board of directors. In connection with that determination, FB Advisor will prepare portfolio company valuations using the most recent portfolio company financial statements and forecasts.
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, Fair Value Measurement, or SFAS No. 157, which clarifies the definition of fair value and requires companies to expand their disclosure about the use of fair value to measure assets and liabilities in interim and annual periods subsequent to initial recognition. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value as the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. SFAS No. 157 also establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, which includes inputs such as quoted prices for similar securities in active markets and quoted prices for identical securities where there is little or no activity in the market; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs for which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.
With respect to investments for which market quotations are not readily available, our board of directors will undertake a multi-step valuation process each quarter, as described below:
| our quarterly valuation process begins with each portfolio company or investment being initially valued by FB Advisors senior management team, which may, in the case of investments recommended by GDFM or any other sub-advisor engaged by FB Advisor, include information received from such sub-advisor to assist in the valuation process; |
| preliminary valuation conclusions will then be documented and discussed with the members of our board of directors; |
| if a third-party valuation firm is engaged by our board of directors, it will review these preliminary valuations; |
| our board of directors will review the preliminary valuation and FB Advisors senior management team and our independent valuation firm, if applicable, will respond and supplement the preliminary valuation to reflect any comments provided by the board of directors; and |
48
| our board of directors will discuss valuations and will determine the fair value of each investment in our portfolio in good faith based on various statistical and other factors, including the input and recommendation of FB Advisor and the third-party valuation firm, if applicable. |
Determination of fair values involves subjective judgments and estimates not susceptible to substantiation by auditing procedures. Accordingly, under current auditing standards, the notes to our financial statements will refer to the uncertainty with respect to the possible effect of such valuations, and any change in such valuations, on our financial statements. Below is a description of factors that our board of directors may consider when valuing our debt and equity investments.
Loans and Debt Securities. Valuation of fixed income investments, such as loans and debt securities, depends upon a number of factors, including prevailing interest rates for like securities, expected volatility in future interest rates, call features, put features and other relevant terms of the debt. For investments without readily available market prices, we will incorporate these factors into discounted cash flow models to arrive at fair value. Other factors that our board will consider include the borrowers ability to adequately service its debt, the fair market value of the portfolio company in relation to the face amount of its outstanding debt and the quality of collateral securing our debt investments.
For a convertible debt security, fair value generally approximates the fair value of the debt plus the fair value of an option to purchase the underlying (the security to which the debt may convert) at the conversion price. To value such an option, a standard option pricing model may be used.
Equity Securities. Our equity interests in portfolio companies for which there is no liquid public market will be valued at fair value. The board of directors, in its analysis of fair value, will consider various factors, such as multiples of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, cash flows, net income, revenues or in limited instances book value or liquidation value. All of these factors may be subject to
49
adjustments based upon the particular circumstances of a portfolio company or our actual investment position. For example, adjustments to EBITDA may take into account compensation to previous owners or acquisition, recapitalization, restructuring or related items.
The board of directors may also look to private merger and acquisition statistics, public trading multiples discounted for illiquidity and other factors, valuations implied by third-party investments in the portfolio companies or industry practices in determining fair value. The board of directors may also consider the size and scope of a portfolio company and its specific strengths and weaknesses, as well as any other factors it deems relevant in assessing the value. Generally, the value of our equity interests in public companies for which market quotations are readily available is based upon the most recent closing public market price. Portfolio securities that carry certain restrictions on sale are typically valued at a discount from the public market value of the security.
When we receive warrants or other equity-linked securities at nominal or no additional cost in connection with an investment in a debt security, we will allocate the cost basis in the investment between debt securities and nominal cost equity at the time of origination. We will subsequently value the warrants at fair value.
Organization Costs: Organization costs include, among other things, the cost of incorporation including the cost of legal services pertaining to our organization and incorporation of our business and incorporation fees. These costs are expensed as incurred. As of February 6, 2008 we had incurred organization costs of $126,570.
Offering Costs: Our offering costs include, among other things, legal fees and other costs pertaining to the preparation of the registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part. We have charged offering costs against capital in excess of par value on the balance sheet. As of February 6, 2008 we had incurred offering costs of $480,037, which have been paid on our behalf by FB Advisor and have been recorded as a contribution to capital.
FB Advisor has funded offering costs and organization costs in the amount of $606,607. We have recorded these costs as a contribution to capital. The offering costs totaling $480,037 were offset against capital in excess of par on the financial statement. The organization costs of $126,570 were charged to expense as incurred by us for the period under audit. Under the terms of our investment advisory and administrative services agreement there is no liability on our part for the offering or organization costs funded by FB Advisor until the investment advisory and administrative services agreement is effective and we have raised sufficient proceeds from unrelated outside investors, as defined. Under the terms of the investment advisory and administrative services agreement, if the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, is declared effective by the SEC and we are successful in raising gross proceeds from unrelated outside investors, FB Advisor will be entitled to receive 1.5% of such gross proceeds raised from outside investors until all offering costs and organization costs listed above and any future offering or organization costs incurred have been recovered. The minimum reimbursement to FB Advisor for such fees is $125,000, if we are able to raise gross proceeds, as defined. The investment advisory and administrative services agreement will not be effective until we meet the minimum offering requirement as stated in the prospectus included in the registration statement filed with the SEC.
Net Realized Gains or Losses and Net Change in Unrealized Appreciation or Depreciation
We will measure realized gains or losses by the difference between the net proceeds from the repayment or sale and the amortized cost basis of the investment, without regard to unrealized appreciation or depreciation previously recognized, but considering unamortized upfront fees and prepayment penalties. Net change in unrealized appreciation or depreciation will reflect the change in portfolio investment values during the reporting period, including any reversal of previously recorded unrealized appreciation or depreciation, when gains or losses are realized.
50
Contractual Obligations
We have entered into a contract with FB Advisor to provide investment advisory and administrative services. Payments for investment advisory services under the investment advisory and administrative services agreement in future periods will be equal to (a) an annual base management fee of 2.0% of the value of our gross assets and (b) an incentive fee based on our performance. See Investment Advisory and Administrative Services Agreement. FB Advisor, and to the extent it is required to provide such services, GDFM, will be reimbursed for administrative expenses incurred on our behalf. See Administrative Services.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, Fair Value Measurement, or SFAS No. 157. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements, but does not require any new fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those fiscal years.
In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, or SFAS 159, which provides companies with an option to report selected financial assets and liabilities at fair value. The objective of SFAS 159 is to reduce both complexity in accounting for financial instruments and the volatility in earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently. SFAS 159 establishes presentation and disclosure requirements designed to facilitate comparisons between companies that choose different measurement attributes for similar types of assets and liabilities and to more easily understand the effect of the companys choice to use fair value on its earnings. SFAS 159 also requires entities to display the fair value of the selected assets and liabilities on the face of the combined balance sheet. SFAS 159 does not eliminate disclosure requirements of other accounting standards, including fair value measurement disclosures in SFAS 157. This Statement is effective as of the beginning of an entitys first fiscal year beginning after November 15, 2007.
51
OVERVIEW OF INVESTING IN PRIVATE COMPANIES
Significant Asset Class
Private investment funds, which include venture capital, private equity and private debt, represent a significant asset class, having raised approximately $850 billion in capital from 2002 through the third quarter of 2007, according to Thomson Venture Economics. Private investment funds are committed to investing in companies across all industries and all stages of development, from early-stage startups to corporations with billions of dollars in revenues and global name recognition.
We believe that institutional investors, such as pension funds and university endowments, often allocate a portion of their portfolios to private investment funds, including private equity and private debt funds. We believe that these investors participate in private investment funds for a number of reasons, including their use as a potential source of risk diversification within a portfolio, as private equity and private debt funds exhibit imperfect correlation with traditional asset classes, and for their superior return potential over the long term.
We believe that the BDC structure is well suited to provide you with exposure to the private equity and private debt classes as it permits us to sell our stock to a wider investor base than traditional private investment funds within a regulatory structure designed to accommodate the special needs of investing in small and growing companies. See Regulation. As of February 2008, publicly traded BDCs had an aggregate market capitalization of approximately $18.7 billion.
Business Development Company Overview
A BDC is a category of investment company added in 1980 to the 1940 Act. The BDC category was added by Congress to facilitate the flow of capital to private companies and smaller public companies that do not have access to public capital markets or other conventional forms of financing. The 1940 Act provides a body of regulation for investment companies whose shares are offered to the public. BDCs are subject to regulatory requirements under the 1940 Act that are designed to facilitate their investment in the types of companies whose need to raise capital was the impetus behind Congress action in adding the BDC as a category of investment company.
Most BDCs are structured as RICs for tax purposes to provide tax-advantaged, pass-through treatment of ordinary income and long-term, capital gains from its investments directly to its stockholders with no corporate tax if at least 90% of its RIC taxable income is distributed in a timely manner.
We believe that the BDC industry should continue to experience growth principally because they provide the following benefits to individual investors:
| Access to investments that have historically been accessible outside the BDC model only by high-net-worth and institutional investors, such as pension funds and endowments, primarily due to high minimum investment requirements and necessary specialized investment expertise; |
| Professionally managed investments by individuals that have the specialized expertise and experience necessary to fully understand and evaluate investment opportunities and manage investment holdings; |
| Potential to reduce risk by diversifying an individuals investment over a portfolio of assets without requiring a large investment; and |
| Investor protection under the 1940 Act, a substantive regulatory and disclosure regime designed to, among other things, limit opportunities for overreaching by affiliates. |
52
Life Cycle of Companies Targeted by Private Investment Funds
As noted above, private investment funds make investments in companies at all stages of the target companys development. Stages in a typical companys life cycle can be defined broadly (from earliest to latest) as:
| Seed Stage. A company in this stage is generally in the process of developing a concept plan or prototype. The source of private funding for this type of company is typically called seed capital. |
| Start up Stage. These companies have typically developed a concept plan, but now require financing for business establishment costs and product development. The source of private funding for this type of company is typically called start up capital. |
| Expansion Stage. These companies have generally established products or services in the market place and working capital is required for expansion and to fund additional capacity. The source of private funding for this type of company is typically called expansion or development capital. |
| Mature Stage. Companies in this stage are typically established within their markets, have a proven track record and typically stable cash flows. Private capital may be required to replace existing equity and/or refinance debt in a recapitalization transaction or these firms may be the subject of a private equity-sponsored buyout. |
We intend to target companies in the mature and expansion stages, consistent with our investment objectives.
Transaction Types
The companies we target typically require capital to fund a number of types of transactions, including management buyouts, leveraged buyouts, recapitalizations and growth and acquisition financing.
| Management Buyouts. Management buyouts often occur when a companys owners seek to transition out of an investment, while existing management believes that the potential for significant value creation remains in the company. In such transactions, company management will often seek a financial sponsor to aid in the purchase of its company through a combination of equity and debt. |
| Leveraged Buyouts. Leveraged buyouts occur when financial investors such as private equity firms purchase companies with balance sheets and cash flows that can sustain additional leverage, which amplifies the potential for an equity holders gain. This leverage can include several layers, including senior secured, second lien and mezzanine debt. |
53
| Recapitalizations. Recapitalizations occur when firms can benefit by changing their capital structures to enhance equity returns and/or allow existing investors to realize value through a significant, one-time distribution. In some instances, firms may be able to support additional debt due to growth in profitability and in other cases may seek external investment to partially or fully replace existing investors. Recapitalizations are also a key means of exit for institutional investors which are required to return capital at the end of their funds lives. |
| Growth and Acquisition Financings. Growth and acquisition financings occur when small and middle market firms need capital to fund growth opportunities. Small and middle market firms represent a significant portion of the growth segment of the U.S. economy and these firms often do not have adequate internally generated cash flow to fund growth organically or through acquisitions. These firms usually seek capital from external sources, including banks, private equity firms and venture capital firms. |
Investment Types
There are a number of investment types corresponding to a companys capital structure. Typically investors determine the appropriate type of investment based upon their risk and return requirements. Below is a diagram illustrating where these investments lie in a typical target companys capital structure. Senior debt is situated at the top of the capital structure, and typically has the first claim on the assets and cash flows of the company, followed by second lien debt, mezzanine debt, preferred equity and finally common equity. Due to this priority of cash flows and claims on assets, an investments risk increases as it moves further down the capital structure. Investors are usually compensated for this risk associated with junior status in the form of higher returns, either through higher interest payments or potentially higher capital appreciation. We intend to focus primarily on investments in debt securities, including senior secured loans, second lien loans and mezzanine loans.
54
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY
General
We are a newly organized, externally managed, non-diversified closed-end management investment company that has elected to be treated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. As such, we are required to comply with certain regulatory requirements. We will be managed by FB Advisor which oversees the management of our activities and is responsible for making investment decisions for our portfolio. FB Advisor has engaged GDFM to act as our investment sub-adviser. GDFM will assist FB Advisor with identifying investment opportunities and will make investment recommendations for approval by FB Advisor, according to asset allocation and other guidelines set by FB Advisor. GDFM is a subsidiary of GSO, which oversees $22.0 billion in assets under management as of March 10, 2008. GSO is the global credit platform of The Blackstone Group L.P. We intend to elect to be treated for federal income tax purposes, and intend to qualify annually thereafter, as a RIC under the Code.
Our investment objectives are to generate current income and, to a lesser extent, long-term capital appreciation. We will seek to meet our investment objectives by:
| leveraging the experience and expertise of FB Advisor and GDFM in sourcing, evaluating and structuring transactions; |
| focusing primarily on debt investments in small and middle market private U.S. companies, which we define as companies with annual revenue of $10 million to $500 million at the time of investment. We believe such a focus offers an opportunity for superior risk-adjusted returns; |
| identifying portfolio companies with experienced management teams; and |
| maintaining rigorous portfolio monitoring. |
We anticipate that our portfolio will be comprised primarily of investments in senior secured loans, second lien loans and subordinated loans, or mezzanine loans, of private, U.S., small and middle market companies. In connection with our debt investments, we may receive equity interests such as warrants or options as additional consideration. We may also purchase minority interests in the form of common or preferred equity in our target companies, either in conjunction with one of our debt investments or through a co-investment with a financial sponsor. Once we raise sufficient capital, we expect that our investments will generally range between $5 million and $25 million each, although investments may vary as the size of our capital base changes and will ultimately be at the discretion of FB Advisor subject to oversight by our board of directors. Prior to raising sufficient capital, we may make smaller investments subject to liquidity constraints. To enhance our opportunity for gain, we intend to employ leverage as market conditions permit and at the discretion of FB Advisor, but in no event will leverage employed exceed 50% of the value of our assets as required by the 1940 Act.
We do not currently intend to list our securities on an exchange and do not expect a public market to develop for them in the foreseeable future, although we intend to seek to complete a liquidity event between five and seven years following the completion of our offering stage. We will view our offering stage as complete as of the termination date of our most recent public equity offering, if we have not conducted a public equity offering in any continuous two year period. See Liquidity Strategy. Therefore, stockholders may not be able to sell their shares promptly or at a desired price. To provide interim liquidity to our stockholders, we plan, but are not required, to conduct quarterly repurchase offers pursuant to our share repurchase program in accordance with the 1940 Act. This will be the only method of liquidity that we offer prior to a liquidity event. See Share Repurchase Program. While a BDC may list its shares for trading in the public markets, we have elected not to do so. We believe that a non-traded structure is more appropriate for the long-term nature of the assets in which we invest. This structure allows us to operate with a long-term view similar to that of other types of private investment fundsinstead of managing to quarterly market expectationsand to pursue our investment objectives without subjecting our investors to the daily share price volatility associated with the public markets. To provide our shareholders with liquidity, we intend to conduct quarterly tender offers pursuant to our share repurchase program.
55
Capital Contribution by FB Advisor
In February 2008, pursuant to a private placement, Michael C. Forman and David J. Adelman, the principals of FB Advisor, contributed an aggregate of $1 million to purchase 111,112 shares of common stock at $9.00 per share, which represents the public offering price of $10.00 per share and excludes selling commissions and dealer manager fees. Messrs. Forman and Adelman will not tender their shares for repurchase as long as FB Advisor remains our investment adviser.
About FB Advisor
FB Advisor is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC under the Advisers Act and is an affiliate of FB Capital Partners, L.P. FB Capital Partners is a Philadelphia-based investment and alternative asset management firm, formed in 2005, that focuses in part on income-oriented investments in the middle market. Since 2003, FB Capital Partners and related entities managed by its principals have invested over $375 million in senior debt, mezzanine debt and preferred equity of small and middle market companies and approximately $125 million in real estate debt and equity throughout North America. FB Capital Partners investor base consists of high net-worth individuals, money managers and institutions, who seek current income with the potential for long-term capital appreciation. In addition, FB Capital Partners will serve as general partner on a recently closed pooled equity real estate fund with a major Wall Street investment bank as lead investor. Our president and chief executive officer, Mr. Forman, has led FB Capital Partners since its inception. In addition to his career in managing alternative assets for his investor base, Mr. Forman has been an active private investor and entrepreneur, having built several companies in the gaming and specialty finance industries. In addition, Mr. Forman co-founded Franklin Square Holdings, LP, an investment firm focused on delivering alternative asset solutions to individual investors nationwide.
Together with Mr. Forman, Mr. Adelman will form the senior management team of FB Advisor. Mr. Adelman has significant managerial and investing experience and serves as president and chief executive officer of Campus Apartments, Inc., which develops, manages, designs, and privately finances more than 220 upscale housing facilities for colleges and universities across the United States. Further, in 2006, Campus Apartments entered into a $1.1 billion venture with GIC Real Estate Pte Ltd, the real estate investment arm of the Government of Singapore Investment Corporation in which Campus Apartments uses the ventures capital to acquire, develop, operate and manage student housing projects across the United States. Mr. Adelman is also an active private investor and entrepreneur, having co-founded Franklin Square Holdings, LP with Michael Forman. See Management for biographical information regarding Messrs. Forman and Adelman.
FB Advisors senior management team has extensive experience in private lending, private equity and real estate investing, and has developed an expertise in using all levels of a firms capital structure to produce income-generating investments, focusing on risk management and potentially delivering higher returns by virtue of tax-advantaged transaction structures. FB Advisor will attempt to leverage this expertise, along with its rigorous and selective transaction process, to our benefit. In addition, FB Advisors senior management team has developed a network of relationships with financial sponsors, management teams, investment bankers, attorneys and accountants. We intend to capitalize on this network as a source of transaction flow.
FB Advisor is staffed by four investment professionals and may retain additional investment personnel following the date we meet our minimum offering requirement, based upon its needs.
All investment decisions will require the unanimous approval of FB Advisors investment committee, which is currently comprised of Messrs. Forman and Adelman. Our board of directors, including a majority of independent directors, oversees and monitors our investment performance and will annually review the compensation we pay to FB Advisor to determine that the provisions of the investment advisory and administrative services agreement are carried out. See Investment Advisory and Administrative Services Agreement.
56
About GDFM
From time to time, FB Advisor may enter into sub-advisory relationships with registered investment advisers that possess skills that FB Advisor believes will aid it in achieving our investment objectives. FB Advisor has engaged GDFM to act as our investment sub-adviser. GDFM will assist FB Advisor with identifying investment opportunities and will make investment recommendations for approval by FB Advisor, according to asset allocation and other guidelines set by FB Advisor. GDFM is a Delaware limited liability company with principal offices located at 345 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10154.
GDFM is a subsidiary of GSO, the global credit platform of The Blackstone Group L.P., a leading global alternative asset manager and provider of financial advisory services. The GSO Group is one of the worlds largest credit platforms in the alternative asset business with over $22 billion in assets under management as of March 10, 2008. GDFM generally seeks to generate positive risk-adjusted returns for its investors by investing in a broad array of securities, including senior secured leveraged loans, high yield bonds, second lien loans and mezzanine securities. Its investment strategies revolve around a disciplined fundamental credit review process and are based on the belief that a deep understanding of companies and the industries in which they operate is critical to generating attractive total returns.
The founding partners of the GSO Group, Bennett Goodman, J. Albert (Tripp) Smith and Douglas Ostrover, have worked together for over 12 years and during that time helped build two of the premier leveraged finance franchises on Wall Street at Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette and then at Credit Suisse. We expect that the GSO Groups experience in leveraged finance, coupled with their relationships with private equity firms, companies and others in the investment community, will enhance our ability to source and analyze public and private investment opportunities on a global basis.
Investment professionals of the GSO Group are currently organized into two distinct groups according to investment disciplines: GDFM and certain affiliates which constitute the Debt Funds Group and GSO and certain affiliates which constitute the Hedge Fund Group. Each of the groups is separately staffed and maintains separate and distinct investment processes and investment committees. While separate decision making is rigorously maintained, the groups may share deal flow and collaborate on specific investment opportunities where appropriate or specific company or industry expertise is needed. Senior professionals of GDFM have a ten-year track record of managing senior secured, second lien and mezzanine loans in portfolios with leveraged operating structures and will be primarily responsible for providing services to FB Advisor under the sub-advisory agreement.
Under the investment sub-advisory agreement, GDFM will assist FB Advisor in identifying investment opportunities and will make investment recommendations for approval by FB Advisor, according to asset allocation and other guidelines set by FB Advisor. In addition, to the extent requested by FB Advisor, GDFM may assist with the monitoring of our portfolio and may make managerial assistance available to certain of our portfolio companies. GDFM is comprised of 33 dedicated investment professionals focused on portfolio management, investment analysis, transaction origination, trading and structuring professionals. It is anticipated that FB Advisor will benefit from the scale arising from GDFMs existing infrastructure, access to investment opportunities from the GSO Groups existing institutional relationships, access to proprietary investments from GSOs existing dedicated origination and sourcing team and risk management from GDFMs existing policies and expertise. The GSO Group has an established infrastructure and investment processes for managing leveraged credit portfolios, including senior secured loans, second lien loans, mezzanine obligations, high yield bonds, structured finance instruments and credit derivatives. Investment recommendations made by GDFM will be made in a manner that is consistent with its existing investment and monitoring processes developed by senior members of this team during the last ten years. GDFMs team will be comprised of the entire investment and operations staff of GDFM and will assist FB Advisor in monitoring our portfolio and making investment recommendations to FB Advisors investment committee. GDFM may also rely upon the wider resources and
57
operations of GSO, including additional originated deal flow, market risk management, finance, compliance, legal, internal audit and fund administration as needed.
Market Opportunity
We believe that the market for lending to small and middle market private U.S. companies is underserved and presents a compelling investment opportunity. FB Advisors senior management team has witnessed significant demand for debt capital among small and middle market companies that have the characteristics we target. We believe that this demand, coupled with the limited and fragmented availability of funding within our target market, will enable us to achieve favorable transaction pricing. We are raising funds in an attempt to capitalize on what we believe is a favorable pricing environment. We believe that the following characteristics support our belief:
Large Target Market
According to Dun & Bradstreet, as of February 2008, there were approximately 149,000 small and middle market companies in the U.S., defined as companies with annual revenues between $10 million and $500 million, compared with 5,000 companies with revenues greater than $500 million. These smaller and middle market companies represent a significant portion of the growth segment of the U.S. economy and often require substantial capital investment to grow their businesses. The U.S. Census Bureau, in its most recently completed economic census in 2002, found that firms in our target market collectively generated $5.9 trillion in revenues and employed 31.7 million people. Small and middle market companies have generated a significant number of investment opportunities for investment programs managed by FB Advisor over the past several years, and we believe that this market segment will continue to produce significant investment opportunities for us.
General reduction in supply of credit. We believe that banks and institutional investors are taking a much more conservative approach to lending in all asset classes, due in part to problems that began in residential mortgage backed securities backed by subprime borrowers, or borrowers with poor credit histories and have spread to other sectors of the market. Notably, we believe lenders are re-examining the concept of risk and are now demanding improved pricing and more stringent covenant structures in order to lend. For corporate debt, this tightening of credit conditions occurred just as a record amount of transaction volume was scheduled to enter the markets in the third quarter of 2007, causing a significant dislocation in the markets and a general reduction in liquidity and credit for corporate issuers.
58
Source: Thomson Financial (April 2008)
Given the significant reduction in credit supply, we believe we may be able to achieve more favorable transaction pricing in comparison to past periods. We believe that times such as these represent an attractive environment in which to pursue superior risk-adjusted returns.
Limited Investment Competition
Despite the size of the market, we believe that a consolidation in the financial services industry has substantially reduced the number of financial institutions lending to small and middle market companies. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation reports that the number of federally insured financial institutions declined from approximately 15,200 in 1990 to approximately 8,600 in 2007.
We believe that lending to small and middle market companies generally requires a greater dedication of the lenders time and resources compared to lending to larger companies due in part to the smaller size of each investment and the often fragmented nature of information available for disclosure from these firms. In addition, small and middle market companies may require more active monitoring and participation on the lenders part. We believe that many large financial organizations, with relatively high cost structures, are not equipped to deal with these factors. Due to these cost issues and pressures to rapidly grow loan portfolios, financial institutions appear to be emphasizing services to larger corporate clients and transactions with a consequent reduction in the availability of debt financing to small and middle market companies.
Active Private Equity Focus on Small and Middle Market Firms
Private equity firms have continued their active roles investing in small and middle market companies, and FB Advisors senior management team expects this trend to continue. In recent years, record amounts of private equity capital have been raised. From 2005 through the end of 2007, buyout funds raised over $600 billion on a combined basis, a large portion of which remains un-invested. FB Advisors senior management team believes that approximately $130 billion of that capital is dedicated toward investing in small and middle market buyouts.
59
Private equity funds often seek to leverage their investments by combining capital with senior secured and mezzanine loans from other sources. Thus, we believe that significant private equity investment in small and middle market firms will create substantial investment opportunities for us to fill the role of leverage provider. We believe that the network of relationships between FB Advisors senior management team and the private equity community will be a key channel through which we will access significant investment opportunities.
Source: Thomson Venture Economics; small and middle market buyout funds defined as those with less than $1 billion in capital raised.
We believe the market for mezzanine loans to private equity sponsored companies will be particularly attractive for us. Before the recent turmoil in the credit markets, we believe that banks and hedge funds were aggressively expanding their lending to the leveraged buyout market on very favorable terms. Often, this debt carried few covenants, low interest rates and allowed for very high ratios of debt to cash flow. We believe that such aggressive lending was fostered by an active secondary market for these leveraged loans, which allowed the lenders to profit while removing debt from their balance sheets, at the same time refreshing their ability to lend further. We believe that the abundance of relatively cheap, less restrictive forms of debt allowed leveraged buyout firms to pay historically high purchase prices in relation to target company cash flows, and generally served to force mezzanine lenders to accept lower returns through reduced pricing and to accept smaller portions of leveraged buyout transactions.
Currently, we believe that secondary market conditions are no longer permitting banks to sell these loans under the same terms, and at the same rates, as seen in the first half of 2007, significantly reducing the availability of bank debt to fund leveraged buyout transactions. In addition, we believe that this will result in banks requiring stricter covenants, higher rates for their loans, and less total leverage in transactions that they will fund over the next several years. While this is expected to pressure private equity firms to reduce pricing on their buyout transactions, we believe that the large amount of un-invested private equity capital currently available will mitigate this effect. Due to the reduced availability of bank funding, we believe that private equity firms will look even more to the mezzanine market to provide the leverage necessary to produce their returns, creating investment opportunities for us at potentially favorable terms. We believe that the network of relationships between the senior management team of FB Advisor, the investment professionals employed by
60
GDFM and the private equity community will be a key channel through which we will achieve significant transaction flow to assist private equity sponsored transactions.
Attractive Market Segment
We believe that the underserved nature of such a large segment of the market, coupled with strong demand for capital, creates a significant opportunity for investment. Because of the current investing environment, we believe that small and middle market companies are more likely to offer attractive economics in terms of transaction pricing, up-front and ongoing fees, prepayment penalties and more attractive security features in the form of stricter covenants and quality collateral. Additionally, as compared to larger companies, small and middle market companies often have simpler capital structures and carry less leverage, thus aiding the structuring and negotiation process and allowing us greater flexibility in structuring favorable transactions. We believe that these factors present advantageous conditions in which to pursue our investment objectives of generating current income and, to a lesser extent, long-term capital appreciation.
Investment Strategy
When identifying prospective portfolio companies, we intend to focus primarily on the following attributes, which we believe will help us generate attractive total returns with an acceptable level of risk. While these criteria provide general guidelines for our investment decisions, we caution you that, if we believe the benefits of investing are sufficiently strong, not all of these criteria will necessarily be met by each prospective portfolio company in which we choose to invest.
Leading, defensible market positions that present attractive growth opportunities
We intend to invest in companies that have developed strong positions within their respective markets and exhibit the potential to grow significantly. We will seek companies that we believe possess advantages in scale, scope, customer loyalty, product pricing, or product quality versus their competitors, minimizing sales risk and protecting profitability.
Investing in private companies
We intend to focus on target companies that possess annual revenues of between $10 million and $500 million and annual operating cash flow of at least $2 million at the time of investment. We do not intend to invest in start-up companies, turnaround situations or companies with speculative business plans.
Proven management teams with meaningful equity ownership
We intend to focus on investments in which the target company has an experienced management team with an established track record of success. We will typically require the portfolio companies to have in place proper incentives to align managements goals with ours. Generally, we intend to focus on companies in which the management teams have significant equity interests.
Private equity sponsorship
Often we will seek to participate in transactions sponsored by what we believe to be high-quality private equity firms. FB Advisors senior management team believes that a private equity sponsors willingness to invest significant sums of equity capital into a company provides an additional level of due diligence investigation and is an implicit endorsement of the quality of the investment. Further, by co-investing with quality private equity firms which commit significant sums of equity capital with junior priority to our debt investments, we may benefit from having due diligence on our investments performed by both parties.
61
Diversification
We will seek to diversify our portfolio among companies engaged in a variety of industries, thereby potentially reducing the risk of a downturn in any one industry having a disproportionate impact on the value of our portfolio.
Viable exit strategy
We will seek to invest in companies that we believe will sustain a consistent cash flow to repay our loans and maintain growth in their businesses. This internally generated cash flow will be a key means through which we will achieve payment of interest due to us along with repayment of loan principal. We intend to focus primarily in investing in companies whose business models and growth prospects offer other attractive exit possibilities, including repayment of our investments, with the potential for capital gain on any equity interests we hold, through an initial public offering of common stock, merger, a sale or other recapitalization.
Moreover, we may acquire investments in the secondary loan market, and, in analyzing such investments, we will employ the same analytical process that we use for our primary investments.
Investments in Private Companies
We intend to invest primarily in privately held companies. Investments in private companies pose certain incremental risks as compared to investments in public companies. First, private companies have reduced access to the capital markets, resulting in diminished capital resources and ability to withstand financial distress. Second, the investments themselves tend to be less liquid. As such, we may have difficulty exiting an investment promptly or at a desired price prior to maturity or outside of a normal amortization schedule. Finally, little public information generally exists about private companies. Further, these companies may not have third-party debt ratings or audited financial statements. We must therefore rely on the ability of FB Advisor and/or GDFM to obtain adequate information through due diligence to evaluate the creditworthiness and potential returns from investing in these companies. These companies and their financial information will also generally not be subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other rules that govern public companies.
Competitive Advantages
We believe that we offer the following competitive advantages to our investors over other capital providers in small and middle market companies:
Middle market focus
FB Advisor and GDFM have developed an expertise in sourcing and investing in debt issued by small and middle market companies. We will attempt to leverage the relationships created while developing this expertise, which we believe will provide us access to an attractive pool of private companies that is not well served by larger financial institutions. Furthermore, FB Advisors senior management team believes that, because middle market companies are not as well covered by investors as larger companies, there is greater opportunity to negotiate terms that include enhanced protections without necessarily comprising yield.
Global platform with seasoned investment professionals.
FB Advisors senior management team believes that the breadth and depth of its experience, together with the wider resources of the GSO Groups investment team, which is dedicated to sourcing, structuring, executing, monitoring and realizing upon a broad range of private investments, as well as the specific expertise of GDFM, provides us with a significant competitive advantage in sourcing attractive investment opportunities worldwide.
62
Long-term investment horizon
Unlike most private equity and venture capital funds, we will not be required to return capital to our stockholders once we exit a portfolio investment. Such funds typically can only be invested once and must be returned to investors within a specific time period. These provisions often force private equity and venture capital funds to seek liquidity events, including initial public offerings, mergers, or recapitalizations, more quickly than they otherwise might, potentially resulting in a lower return to investors. We believe that freedom from such capital return requirements, which allows us to invest using a longer-term focus, will provide us with the opportunity to increase total returns on invested capital compared to other private company investment vehicles.
Transaction Sourcing Capability
FB Advisor will seek to identify attractive investment opportunities both through active origination channels and through its long-term relationships with numerous corporate and fund management teams, members of the financial community and potential corporate partners. In addition, FB Advisor will seek to leverage GDFMs significant access to transaction flow. GDFM seeks to generate investment opportunities through syndicate and club deals and also through the GSO Groups proprietary origination channels. With respect to syndicate and club deals, GDFM has built a network of relationships with commercial and investment banks, finance companies and other investment funds as a result of the long track record of its investment professionals in the leveraged finance marketplace. With respect to GDFMs origination channel, FB Advisor will seek to leverage the global presence of the GSO Group to generate access to a substantial amount of originated transactions with attractive investment characteristics. We believe that the broad networks of FB Advisor and GDFM will produce a significant amount of investment opportunities for us.
Disciplined, income-oriented investment philosophy
FB Advisor and GDFM will employ a defensive investment approach focused on long-term credit performance and principal protection. This investment approach will involve a multi-stage selection process for each investment opportunity as well as ongoing monitoring of each investment made, with particular emphasis on early detection of credit deterioration. This strategy is designed to maximize current yield and minimize the risk of capital loss while maintaining potential for long-term capital appreciation. FB Advisors approach will seek to produce strong returns concurrent with reduced risk by:
| focusing on companies it believes to have leading, defensible market positions that present attractive growth opportunities; |
| engaging in extensive due diligence; |
| committing significant resources to monitor portfolio companies closely after the transaction is closed; |
| participating in transactions sponsored by what it believes to be high-quality private equity firms; |
| investing primarily in management teams with meaningful equity ownership; and |
| investing primarily in companies with annual revenues of at least $10 million and annual operating cash flows of at least $2 million. |
Ability to utilize a wide range of transaction structures
FB Advisor and GDFM believe that their broad expertise and experience in transaction structuring at all levels of a companys capital structure will afford them numerous tools to manage risk while preserving the opportunity for gain. We will attempt to capitalize on this expertise in an effort to produce an investment portfolio that will perform in a broad range of economic conditions. In addition, we believe that the ability to offer several forms of financing will make us an attractive provider of capital to prospective portfolio companies. Such flexible transaction structuring allows a prospective portfolio company to forgo the substantial cost of conducting multiple negotiations and undergoing multiple due diligence processes to secure the different types of capital it requires.
63
Operating and Regulatory Structure
Our investment activities will be managed by FB Advisor and supervised by our board of directors, a majority of whom are independent. Under our investment advisory and administrative services agreement, we have agreed to pay FB Advisor an annual base management fee based on our gross assets as well as incentive fees based on our performance. See Investment Advisory and Administrative Services Agreement.
FB Advisor will provide us with general ledger accounting, fund accounting, and investor and other administrative services. FB Advisor has contracted with GFO Consulting, LLC to provide us with a chief financial officer, Gerard Scarpati, a consultant with that firm and has contracted with Vigilant Compliance Services, LLC, to provide us with a chief compliance officer, Salvatore Faia, a principal with that firm.
As a business development company, we will be required to comply with certain regulatory requirements. See Regulation. Also, while we are permitted to finance investments using debt, our ability to use debt will be limited in certain significant respects. Within the limits of existing regulation, we will adjust our use of debt, according to market conditions, to the level we believe will allow us to generate maximum risk-adjusted returns. See Regulation. We intend to elect to be treated for federal income tax purposes and intend to qualify annually thereafter, as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. See Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.
Investment Types
We intend to focus primarily on investments in debt securities, including senior secured loans, second lien loans and mezzanine loans. Below is a diagram illustrating where these investments lie in a typical portfolio companys capital structure. Senior debt is situated at the top of the capital structure, and typically has the first claim on the assets and cash flows of the company, followed by second lien debt, mezzanine debt, preferred equity and finally common equity. Due to this priority of cash flows, an investments risk increases as it moves further down the capital structure. Investors are usually compensated for this risk associated with junior status in the form of higher returns, either through higher interest payments or potentially higher capital appreciation. We will rely on FB Advisors and GDFMs experience to structure investments, possibly using all levels of the capital structure, which we believe will perform in a broad range of economic environments.
Typical Capital Structure Diagram
Senior Secured Loans. Senior secured loans are situated at the top of the capital structure. Because these loans have priority in payment, they carry the least risk among all investments in a firm. Generally, our senior secured loans are expected to have maturities of three to five years, offer meaningful amortization, and have first priority security interests in the assets of the borrower. Generally, we expect that the interest rate on our senior
64
secured loans typically will have variable rates ranging between 2.0% and 5.0% over a standard benchmark, such as the prime rate or the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR).
Second Lien Loans. Second lien loans are immediately junior to senior secured loans and have substantially the same maturities, collateral, and covenant structures as senior secured loans. Second lien loans, however, are granted a second priority security interest in the assets of the borrower. In return for this junior ranking, second lien loans generally offer higher returns compared to senior secured debt. These higher returns come in the form of higher interest and in some cases the potential for equity participation through warrants, though to a lesser extent than with mezzanine loans. Generally, we expect these loans to carry a fixed or a floating current yield of 4.0% to 8.0% over the prime rate or LIBOR. In addition, we may receive additional returns from any warrants we may receive in connection with these investments.
Mezzanine Loans. In addition to senior secured and second lien loans, we also intend to invest a portion of our assets in mezzanine loans. Mezzanine loans usually rank junior in priority of payment to senior secured loans and second lien loans and are often unsecured, but are situated above preferred equity and common stock in the capital structure. In return for their junior status compared to senior secured loans and second lien loans, mezzanine loans typically offer higher returns through both higher interest rates and possible equity ownership in the form of warrants, enabling the lender to participate in the capital appreciation of the borrower. These warrants typically require only a nominal cost to exercise. We intend to generally target mezzanine loans with interest-only payments throughout the life of the loan, with the principal due at maturity. Typically, mezzanine loans have maturities of five to ten years. Generally, we expect these loans to carry a fixed or a floating current yield of 6.0% to 12.0% over the prime rate or LIBOR. In addition, we may receive additional returns from any warrants we may receive in connection with these investments. In some cases, a portion of the total interest may accrue or be paid in kind.
Equity and Equity-Related Securities. While we intend to maintain our focus on investments in debt securities, from time to time, when we see the potential for extraordinary gain, or in connection with securing particularly favorable terms in a debt investment, we may enter into non-control investments in preferred or common equity, typically in conjunction with a private equity sponsor we believe to be of high quality. In addition, we typically receive the right to make equity investments in a portfolio company whose debt securities we hold in connection with the next equity financing round for that company. This right will provide us with the opportunity to further enhance our returns over time through equity investments in our portfolio companies. In addition, we may hold equity-related securities consisting primarily of warrants or other equity interests generally obtained in connection with our mezzanine loans. In the future, we may achieve liquidity through a merger or acquisition of a portfolio company, a public offering of a portfolio companys stock or by exercising our right, if any, to require a portfolio company to repurchase the equity-related securities we hold. With respect to any preferred or common equity investments, we expect to target an annual investment return of at least 25%.
Cash. In addition, we intend to maintain a certain level of cash or equivalent instruments to make follow-on investments if necessary in existing portfolio companies or to take advantage of new opportunities.
Comparison of Targeted Debt Investments to Corporate Bonds. Loans to small and middle market companies are debt instruments that can be compared to corporate bonds of large U.S. and international companies to aid an investors understanding. As with corporate bonds, loans to small and middle market companies can range in credit quality depending on security-specific factors, including total leverage, amount of leverage senior to the security in question, variability in cash flows, quality of assets securing debt and the degree to which such assets cover the subject companys debt obligations. As is the case in the corporate bond market, we will require greater returns for securities that we perceive to carry increased risk. The companies in which we invest may be leveraged, often as a result of leveraged buyouts or other recapitalization transactions, and, in certain cases, will not be rated by national rating agencies. We believe that our targeted debt investments typically will receive ratings of BBB or ratings below investment grade (between BB and CCC under the Standard & Poors system) from the national rating agencies. To the extent we make unrated investments, we believe that such investments would likely receive similar ratings if
65
examined by a national rating agency. It is our understanding that most debt securities of small and middle market companies do not exceed the grade of BBB under the Standard & Poors rating system, so there would be few, if any, debt securities in the middle market that would meet the definition of AAA, AA or A.
The market for loans to small and middle market companies possesses several key differences compared to the corporate bond market. For instance, due to a possible lack of debt ratings for certain small and middle market firms, and also due to the reduced availability of information for private companies, investors must conduct extensive due diligence investigations before committing to an investment. This intensive due diligence process gives the investor significant access to management, which is often not possible in the case of corporate bondholders, who rely on underwriters, debt rating agencies and publicly available information for due diligence reviews and monitoring of corporate issuers. While holding investments, small and middle market debt investors often receive monthly updates on the portfolio companys financial performance, along with possible representation on the companys board of directors, which allows the investor to take remedial action quickly if conditions happen to deteriorate. Due to reduced liquidity, the relative scarcity of capital and extensive due diligence and expertise required on the part of the investor, we believe that loans to small and middle market firms typically offer higher returns than corporate bonds of equivalent credit quality.
Sources of Income
The primary means through which our stockholders will receive a return of value is through interest, dividends and capital gains generated by our investments. In addition to these sources of income, we may receive fees paid by our portfolio companies, including one-time closing fees paid at the time each investment is made and monitoring fees paid throughout the lives of our investments. Closing fees typically range from 1.0% to 2.0% of the purchase price of an investment, while monitoring fees generally range from 0.25% to 1.0% of the purchase price of an investment annually.
Structure of Investments/Risk Management
FB Advisor will tailor the terms of each investment to the facts and circumstances of the transaction and the prospective portfolio company, negotiating a structure that attempts to protect our rights and manage risk appropriately while creating incentives for the portfolio company to achieve its business plan and improve its profitability.
We will seek to limit the downside potential of our investment portfolio by:
| applying our investment strategy guidelines for portfolio investments; |
| requiring a total return on investments (including both interest and potential equity appreciation) that adequately compensates for credit risk; |
| diversifying our portfolio, size permitting, with an adequate number of companies, across different industries, with different types of collateral; and |
| negotiating covenants that protect us while affording portfolio companies flexibility in managing their businesses consistent with preservation of capital. |
Such restrictions may include affirmative and negative covenants, default penalties, lien protection, change of control provisions and board rights. Additionally, FB Advisor will typically seek to impose significant prepayment penalties in order to reduce or eliminate prepayment risk. Such penalties can range from fees, increased rates of interest and accelerated principal repayment to forfeiture of significant collateral assets or equity ownership of the borrower. We may also enter into interest rate hedging transactions at the sole discretion of FB Advisor. Such transactions will enable us to selectively modify interest rate exposure as market conditions dictate.
66
Affirmative Covenants. Affirmative covenants require borrowers to take actions that are meant to ensure the solvency of the company, facilitate the lenders monitoring of the borrower, and ensure payment of interest and loan principal due to lenders. Examples of affirmative covenants include requiring the firm to maintain adequate insurance, accounting and tax records, and to produce frequent financial reports for the benefit of the lender.
Negative Covenants. Negative covenants impose restrictions on the borrower and are meant to protect lenders from actions that the borrower may take that could harm the credit quality of the lenders investments. Examples of negative covenants include restrictions on the payment of dividends and restrictions on the issuance of additional debt without the lenders approval. In addition, certain negative covenants restrict a borrowers activities by requiring it to meet certain earnings interest coverage ratio and leverage ratio requirements.
Investment Process
The senior management team of FB Advisor and the investment professionals employed by GDFM have spent their careers developing the resources necessary to successfully invest in small and middle market companies. FB Advisors transaction process is highlighted below. In addition, FB Advisor will rely on recommendations by GDFM, which it will also scrutinize according to its diligence standards.
Our Transaction Process
Sourcing
FB Advisors senior management will attempt to leverage the broad networks of relationships they have built up over the course of their careers to provide access to investment opportunities for us. Members of FB Advisors network include:
| Private equity firms, venture capital firms and other financial sponsors; |
| Small and middle market investment bankers; |
| Law firms focused on small and middle market companies; |
| Regional banks and commercial finance companies; |
| Regional accountants and tax advisors; and |
| Entrepreneurs and business owners. |
Evaluation
Initial Review. In its initial review of an investment opportunity, the FB Advisor transaction team will examine information furnished by the target company to determine whether the investment meets our basic investment criteria and offers, within the context of proper portfolio diversification, an acceptable probability of attractive returns with identifiable downside risk. If our advisory team believes the proposed investment fits these criteria, the investment team will commence a comprehensive credit analysis and due diligence review of the target investment.
Due Diligence. Before undertaking a transaction, the investment team will conduct a thorough due diligence review of the target to ensure the company fits our investment strategy, which may include:
| a full operational analysis to identify the key risks and opportunities of the targets business, including a detailed review of historical and projected financial results; |
67
| a detailed analysis of industry dynamics, competitive position, regulatory, tax and legal matters; |
| on-site visits; |
| background checks to further evaluate management and other key personnel; |
| a review by legal and accounting professionals, environmental or other industry consultants; |
| financial sponsor diligence, including portfolio company and lender reference checks, if necessary; and |
| a review of managements experience and track record. |
When possible, our advisory team will seek to structure transactions in such a way that target firms are required to bear the costs of due diligence, including those costs related to any outside consulting work we may require.
Execution
Transaction Structuring. The broad expertise and significant experience of FB Advisor in transaction structuring, using securities at all levels of the capital structure, provides us with the necessary tools to manage risk of loss effectively while preserving the opportunity for gains. We believe that structuring transactions appropriately, in conjunction with conducting extensive due diligence, is a key factor in producing strong investment results under all economic conditions. In addition, the ability to provide a wide range of financing alternatives should make us an attractive provider of capital to prospective portfolio companies, and may enable us to achieve a certain level of preferred pricing in our transactions. Such flexibility allows a prospective portfolio company to forgo the substantial cost of conducting multiple negotiations and undergoing multiple due diligence processes to secure the different forms of capital it requires.
Investment Approval. Throughout the transaction process, the transaction team is responsible for providing a continuous flow of written information to FB Advisors investment committee, with each stage of the investment process memorialized in an investment memorandum. Upon completion of satisfactory due diligence, the transaction team will submit an investment memorandum for final review, consideration, approval or termination by FB Advisors investment committee. The consummation of a transaction will require unanimous approval of the members of FB Advisors investment committee.
GDFM Recommendations. As a key part of its strategy, FB Advisor will seek to leverage GDFMs significant access to transaction flow in its investment process. GDFMs objective will be to provide investment recommendations, within asset allocation and other guidelines set by FB Advisor, that produce an attractive and stable current yield while preserving capital. To achieve these objectives for FB Advisor, GDFM seeks to maintain a defensive approach toward its investment recommendations by emphasizing risk control in its transaction process, which includes: (i) sourcing investment opportunities in senior secured loans, second lien loans and mezzanine obligations via its relationships with major commercial banks, investment banks and other agents and finance providers and through the GSO Groups direct origination of proprietary investments, (ii) the pre-review of each opportunity by one of its portfolio managers to assess the general quality, value and fit relative to the FB Advisors portfolio, (iii) comprehensive due diligence and credit analysis by an industry specialized research analyst, (iv) transaction structuring with a focus on preservation of capital in varying economic environments and (v) ultimate approval of investment recommendations by GDFMs investment committee.
After completing its internal transaction process, GDFM will make a formal recommendation for review and approval by the investment committee of FB Advisor in the form of an investment memorandum. In addition, GDFM will make available its staff to answer inquiries by FB Advisor in connection with its recommendations.
68
Monitoring
Portfolio Monitoring. FB Advisor, with the help of GDFM, will monitor our portfolio with an eye toward anticipating negative credit events. To maintain portfolio company performance and help to ensure a successful exit, FB Advisor will work closely with the lead equity sponsor, loan syndicator, portfolio company management, consultants, advisers and other lenders to discuss financial position, compliance with covenants, financial requirements and execution of the companys business plan. In addition, depending on the size, nature and performance of the transaction, we may occupy a seat or serve as an observer on a portfolio companys board of directors.
Typically, FB Advisor will receive monthly or quarterly financial reports detailing operating performance, sales volumes, margins, cash flows, financial position and other key operating metrics on a monthly basis from our portfolio companies. FB Advisor will use these data, combined with due diligence gained through contact with the companys customers, suppliers, competitors, market research, and other methods, to conduct an ongoing, rigorous assessment of the companys operating performance and prospects.
In addition to various risk management and monitoring tools, FB Advisor will use an investment rating system to characterize and monitor the expected level of returns on each investment in our portfolio. FB Advisor will use an investment rating scale of 1 to 5. The following is a description of the conditions associated with each investment rating:
Investment |
Summary Description | |
1 |
Investment exceeding expectationscapital gain expected. | |
2 |
Performing investment generally executing in accordance with the portfolio companys business plan full return of principal and interest expected. | |
3 |
Performing investment requiring closer monitoring. | |
4 |
Underperforming investmentsome loss of interest or dividend expected, but still expecting a positive return on investment. | |
5 |
Underperforming investment with expected loss of interest and some principal. |
FB Advisor will monitor and, when appropriate, will change the investment ratings assigned to each investment in our portfolio. In connection with valuing our assets, our board of directors will review these investment ratings on a quarterly basis. In the event that our board of directors determines that an investment is underperforming, or circumstances suggest that the risk associated with a particular investment has significantly increased, it will undertake more aggressive monitoring of the affected portfolio company and implement a plan of action to remedy the situation.
Valuation Process. Each quarter, we will value investments in our portfolio, and such values will be disclosed each quarter in reports filed with the SEC. Investments for which market quotations are readily available will be recorded at such market quotations. With respect to investments for which market quotations are not readily available, our board of directors will determine the fair value of investments in good faith utilizing the input of FB Advisor, the input of any other professionals that our board of directors deems worthy and relevant, including GDFM and independent third-party valuations, if applicable. See Discussion of Expected Operating PlansValuation of Portfolio Investments.
Managerial Assistance. As a business development company, we will offer, and must provide upon request, managerial assistance to certain of our portfolio companies. This assistance could involve, among other things, monitoring the operations of our portfolio companies, participating in board and management meetings, consulting with and advising officers of portfolio companies and providing other organizational and financial guidance. Depending on the nature of the assistance required, FB Advisor will provide such managerial
69
assistance on our behalf to portfolio companies that request this assistance. To the extent fees are paid for these services, we, rather than FB Advisor, will retain any fees paid for such assistance.
Exit
Exit Transactions. We will seek to invest in companies that can provide consistent cash flow to repay their loans while maintaining growth in their businesses. This internally generated cash flow will be a key means through which we will receive timely payment of interest and loan principal. Additionally, we will attempt to invest in portfolio companies whose business models and growth prospects offer attractive exit possibilities via third-party transactions, including sales to strategic buyers or other private equity investors, recapitalizations and initial public offerings of common stock. Such third-party transactions are particularly important in realizing capital gain through equity portions of our investments.
Staffing
We do not currently have any employees. The compensation of our chief financial officer, Gerard Scarpati, and our chief compliance officer, Salvatore Faia, is paid by FB Advisor. We will reimburse FB Advisor for the compensation paid to our chief financial officer and chief compliance officer and their respective staffs. Messrs. Scarpati and Faia are not affiliated with FB Advisor. See Administrative Services.
Each of our executive officers described under Management, aside from Messrs. Faia and Scarpati, is a principal of FB Advisor, which manages and oversees our investment operations. In the future, FB Advisor may retain additional investment personnel based upon its needs. See Investment Advisory and Administrative Services Agreement.
Facilities
Our administrative and principal executive offices are located at Cira Centre, 2929 Arch Street, Suite 675, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-2867. We believe that our office facilities are suitable and adequate for our business as it is contemplated to be conducted.
Legal Proceedings
Neither we nor FB Advisor is currently subject to any material legal proceedings, nor, to our knowledge, is any material legal proceeding threatened against us or against FB Advisor.
From time to time, we and individuals employed by FB Advisor may be party to certain legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business, including proceedings relating to the enforcement of our rights under contracts with our portfolio companies. While the outcome of these legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not expect that these proceedings will have a material effect upon our financial condition or results of operations.
70
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
We intend to determine the net asset value of our investment portfolio each quarter. Securities that are publicly-traded will be valued at the reported closing price on the valuation date. Securities that are not publicly-traded will be valued at fair value as determined in good faith by our board of directors. In connection with that determination, FB Advisor will prepare portfolio company valuations using the most recent portfolio company financial statements and forecasts.
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, Fair Value Measurement, or SFAS No. 157, which clarifies the definition of fair value and requires companies to expand their disclosure about the use of fair value to measure assets and liabilities in interim and annual periods subsequent to initial recognition. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value as the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. SFAS No. 157 also establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, which includes inputs such as quoted prices for similar securities in active markets and quoted prices for identical securities where there is little or no activity in the market; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs for which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.
With respect to investments for which market quotations are not readily available, our board of directors will undertake a multi-step valuation process each quarter, as described below:
| our quarterly valuation process begins with each portfolio company or investment being initially valued by FB Advisors senior management team, which may, in the case of investments recommended by GDFM or any other sub-advisor engaged by FB Advisor, include information received from such sub-advisor to assist in the valuation process; |
| preliminary valuation conclusions will then be documented and discussed with the members of our board of directors; |
| if a third-party valuation firm is engaged by our board of directors, it will review these preliminary valuations; |
| our board of directors will review the preliminary valuation and FB Advisors senior management team and our independent valuation firm, if applicable, will respond and supplement the preliminary valuation to reflect any comments provided by the board of directors; and |
| our board of directors will discuss valuations and will determine the fair value of each investment in our portfolio in good faith based on various statistical and other factors, including the input and recommendation of FB Advisor and the third-party valuation firm, if applicable. |
Determination of fair values involves subjective judgments and estimates not susceptible to substantiation by auditing procedures. Accordingly, under current auditing standards, the notes to our financial statements will refer to the uncertainty with respect to the possible effect of such valuations, and any change in such valuations on our financial statements. Below is a description of factors that our board of directors may consider when valuing our equity and debt investments.
Loans and Debt Securities
Valuation of fixed income investments, such as loans and debt securities, depends upon a number of factors, including prevailing interest rates for like securities, expected volatility in future interest rates, call features, put features and other relevant terms of the debt. For investments without readily available market prices, we will incorporate these factors into discounted cash flow models to arrive at fair value. Other factors that our board
71
will consider include the borrowers ability to adequately service its debt, the fair market value of the portfolio company in relation to the face amount of its outstanding debt and the quality of collateral securing our debt investments.
For a convertible debt security, fair value generally approximates the fair value of the debt plus the fair value of an option to purchase the underlying (the security to which the debt may convert) at the conversion price. To value such an option, a standard option pricing model may be used.
Equity Securities
Our equity interests in portfolio companies for which there is no liquid public market are valued at fair value. The board of directors, in its analysis of fair value, may consider various factors, such as multiples of EBITDA, cash flows, net income, revenues or in limited instances book value or liquidation value. All of these factors may be subject to adjustments based upon the particular circumstances of a portfolio company or our actual investment position. For example, adjustments to EBITDA may take into account compensation to previous owners or acquisition, recapitalization, or restructuring or related items.
The board of directors may also look to private merger and acquisition statistics, public trading multiples discounted for illiquidity and other factors, valuations implied by third-party investments in the portfolio companies or industry practices in determining fair value. The board of directors may also consider the size and scope of a portfolio company and its specific strengths and weaknesses, as well as any other factors it deems relevant in assessing the value. Generally, the value of our equity interests in public companies for which market quotations are readily available is based upon the most recent closing public market price. Portfolio securities that carry certain restrictions on sale are typically valued at a discount from the public market value of the security.
When we receive warrants or other equity-linked securities at nominal or no additional cost in connection with an investment in a debt security, we will allocate the cost basis in the investment between debt securities and nominal cost equity at the time of origination. We will subsequently value the warrants at fair value.
Determinations in Connection With Offerings
After meeting the minimum offering requirement, we will then sell our shares on a continuous basis at a price of $10.00; however, to the extent that our net asset value increases, we will sell at a price necessary to ensure that shares are not sold at a price, after deduction of selling commissions and dealer manager fees, that is below net asset value. To the extent that the net asset value per share increases subsequent to the last monthly closing, the price per share may increase. Therefore, persons who tender subscriptions for shares of our common stock in this offering must submit subscriptions for a certain dollar amount, rather than a number of shares of common stock and, as a result, may receive fractional shares of our common stock. In connection with each monthly closing on the sale of shares of our common stock offered pursuant to this prospectus on a continuous
72
basis, the board of directors or a committee thereof is required within 48 hours of the time that each closing and sale is made to make the determination that we are not selling shares of our common stock at a price which, after deducting selling commissions and dealer manager fees, is below our then current net asset value. The board of directors will consider the following factors, among others, in making such determination:
| the net asset value of our common stock disclosed in the most recent periodic report we filed with the SEC; |
| our managements assessment of whether any material change in the net asset value has occurred (including through the realization of net gains on the sale of our portfolio investments) from the period beginning on the date of the most recently disclosed net asset value to the period ending two days prior to the date of the closing on and sale of our common stock; and |
| the magnitude of the difference between the net asset value disclosed in the most recent periodic report we filed with the SEC and our managements assessment of any material change in the net asset value since the date of the most recently disclosed net asset value, and the offering price of the shares of our common stock at the date of closing. |
Importantly, this determination does not require that we calculate net asset value in connection with each closing and sale of shares of our common stock, but instead it involves the determination by the board of directors or a committee thereof that we are not selling shares of our common stock at a price which, after deducting selling commissions and dealer manager fees, is below the then current net asset value at the time at which the closing and sale is made.
Moreover, to the extent that there is even a remote possibility that we may (i) issue shares of our common stock at a price which, after deducting selling commissions and dealer manager fees, is below the then current net asset value of our common stock at the time at which the closing and sale is made or (ii) trigger the undertaking (which we provided to the SEC in the registration statement to which this prospectus is a part) to suspend the offering of shares of our common stock pursuant to this prospectus if the net asset value fluctuates by certain amounts in certain circumstances until the prospectus is amended, the board of directors or a committee thereof will elect, in the case of clause (i) above, either to postpone the closing until such time that there is no longer the possibility of the occurrence of such event or to undertake to determine net asset value within two days prior to any such sale to ensure that such sale will not be at a price which, after deducting selling commissions and dealer manager fees, is below our then current net asset value, and, in the case of clause (ii) above, to comply with such undertaking or to undertake to determine net asset value to ensure that such undertaking has not been triggered.
These processes and procedures are part of our compliance policies and procedures. Records will be made contemporaneously with all determinations described in this section and these records will be maintained with other records we are required to maintain under the 1940 Act. Promptly following any adjustment to the offering price per share of our common stock offered pursuant to this prospectus, we will update this prospectus by filing a prospectus supplement with the SEC. We will also make updated information available via our website.
73
Our business and affairs are managed under the direction of our board of directors. The responsibilities of the board of directors include, among other things, the oversight of our investment activities, the quarterly valuation of our assets, oversight of our financing arrangements and corporate governance activities. The board of directors currently has an audit committee and may establish additional committees from time to time as necessary. Each director will serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his or her successor is duly elected. Although the number of directors may be increased or decreased, a decrease will not have the effect of shortening the term of any incumbent director. Any director may resign at any time and may be removed with or without cause by the stockholders upon the affirmative vote of at least a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at a meeting called for the purpose of the proposed removal. The notice of the meeting shall indicate that the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the meeting is to determine if the director shall be removed.
A vacancy created by an increase in the number of directors or the death, resignation, removal, adjudicated incompetence or other incapacity of a director may be filled only by a vote of a majority of the remaining directors. As provided in our charter, nominations of individuals to fill the vacancy of a board seat previously filled by an independent director will be made by the remaining independent directors.
Board of Directors and Executive Officers
Upon consummation of this offering, our board of directors will consist of seven members, four of whom are not expected to be classified as interested persons of us or FB Advisor as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act. We refer to these individuals as our independent directors. Members of our board of directors will be elected annually at our annual meeting of stockholders.
Directors
Information regarding our board of directors is set forth below. We have divided the directors into two groupsindependent directors and interested directors. The address for each director is c/o FS Investment Corporation, Cira Centre, 2929 Arch Street, Suite 675, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-2867.
NAME |
AGE | DIRECTOR SINCE | EXPIRATION OF TERM | |||
Interested Directors |
||||||
Michael C. Forman |
47 | 2008 | 2009 | |||
David J. Adelman |
36 | 2008 | 2009 | |||
Michael Heller |
43 | 2008 | 2009 | |||
Independent Directors |
||||||
Gregory P. Chandler |
41 | 2008 | 2009 | |||
Barry H. Frank |
69 | 2008 | 2009 | |||
Paul Mendelson |
61 | 2008 | 2009 | |||
Gerald Stahlecker |
42 | 2008 | 2009 |
Interested Directors
Michael C. Forman has been our president and chief executive officer since inception. In 2005, Mr. Forman co-founded FB Capital Partners, L.P., an investment firm that invests in private equity, senior and mezzanine debt, and real estate and has served as managing general partner since inception. Mr. Forman has served as a director of a number of FB Capital Partners, L.P.s portfolio companies. In 2007, Mr. Forman co-founded Franklin Square Holdings, LP, and helped to develop Valley View Downs, a planned racing, gaming and entertainment complex in Western Pennsylvania. In 2003, Mr. Forman also co-founded and served as chairman of the board and chairman of the investment committee of Preferred Capital LLC, a private company formed to invest in senior secured debt, and organized HWC Investments, LLC, a Colorado-based gaming development company.
Prior to co-founding FB Capital Partners and Preferred Capital LLC, from 1986 to 2003, Mr. Forman was an attorney in the Corporate and Securities Department at the Philadelphia based law firm of Klehr, Harrison, Harvey, Branzburg & Ellers LLP, where he was a partner from 1991 to 2003, and since 2004 he has been Of
74
Counsel. Mr. Forman received his B.A., summa cum laude, from the University of Rhode Island, where he was elected Phi Beta Kappa, and received his J.D. from Rutgers University. He is a member of a number of civic and charitable boards, including the Eastern Technology Council of Pennsylvania, the Philadelphia chapter of Habitat for Humanity, the Murex group, and the Philadelphia International Airport Advisory Board.
David J. Adelman serves as vice chairman of FB Advisor and, together with Mr. Forman, will be responsible for developing and implementing our investment strategy. Mr. Adelman has served as the president and chief executive officer of Philadelphia-based Campus Apartments, Inc. since 1999. Campus Apartments develops, manages, designs, and privately finances more than 220 upscale housing for colleges and universities across the United States.
In addition to his duties as president and chief executive officer of Campus Apartments, Mr. Adelman is the vice chair of University City District Board of Directors, the President of the Apartment Association of Greater Philadelphia, board member of Hyperion Bank and the National Multi Family Council (NMHC), member of the Executive Committee of the Urban Land Institutes Philadelphia Chapter and a member of the Young Presidents Organization. Mr. Adelman received his B.A. in Political Science from Ohio State University.
Michael Heller is a shareholder at the law firm of Cozen OConnor, where he serves as the Chairman of the Firms Business Law Department, is a member of its Management Committee and heads the Firms Emerging Business and Venture Capital practice group. Mr. Heller is a corporate and securities lawyer whose practice is devoted to representing private equity and venture capital funds as well as counseling entrepreneurs and middle-market businesses in various corporate matters, including the structuring of capital-raising transactions and merger and acquisition transactions. Prior to becoming the Chairman of the Business Law Department in 2006, Mr. Heller served as Vice-Chairman of the Firms Business Law Department from 2002 until 2006. Mr. Heller is a member of the Board of Directors of Cozen OConnor; Hanover Fire and Casualty Insurance Company, a privately held property and casualty insurance company; and Open Acquisition Corp., a newly organized blank check company formed for the purpose of effecting an acquisition or similar business combination with one or more domestic or international operating businesses or assets. Mr. Heller received a B.S. in Accounting, summa cum laude, from The Pennsylvania State University, and a J.D., magna cum laude, from Villanova University, where he was a Law Review editor and a member of the Order of the Coif.
Independent Directors
Gregory P. Chandler currently serves as managing director in the Investment Banking Department of Janney Montgomery Scott LLC, a large regional investment bank/brokerage firm headquartered in Philadelphia. Mr. Chandler joined Janney Montgomery Scott in 1999 and has headed up the Business & Technology Solutions practice since 2004. Mr. Chandler has extensive experience in valuations and in negotiating debt, equity and mergers and acquisitions transactions in a variety of industries with both public and private companies. Prior to joining Janney Montgomery Scott, Mr. Chandler was a consultant at PricewaterhouseCoopers advising companies in restructuring their back office financial operations. In addition, at Coopers and Lybrand he was an auditor in the Investment Company practice where he managed audits of mutual funds, hedge funds, and venture capital funds. He joined Coopers and Lybrand in 1995 after attending business school. Prior to business school, Mr. Chandler served as a logistics officer in the United States Army. Mr Chandler received his MBA from Harvard Business School and a B.S. in Engineering from the United States Military Academy at West Point. Mr. Chandler is a Certified Public Accountant and currently sits on the Board of Emtec, Inc., a publicly traded company, and also chairs its audit committee.
Barry H. Frank is a partner in the law firm of Pelino & Lentz, P.C. where he has been a partner since he joined the firm in February 2003. Prior to joining Pelino & Lentz, P.C., Mr. Frank was a partner in the law firm of Schnader, Harrison, Segal & Lewis from May 2000 through January 2003. Previously, Mr. Frank had been a partner in the law firm of Mesirov, Gelman, Jaffe, Cramer & Jamieson from 1997 until 2000, when Mesirov Gelman merged with Schnader. From 1975 through 1987 Mr. Frank was a partner in the law firm of Pechner, Dorfman, Wolfe, Rounick & Cabot. Mr. Frank has focused his practice on business and corporate taxation, business and estate planning. Mr. Frank received a B.S. from Pennsylvania State University and a J.D. from the Temple University School of Law.
75
Mr. Frank served on the Board of Directors of Deb Shops, Inc., formerly listed on NASDAQ, from 1989 through 2007, when the company was acquired by a private equity group. He also served on the audit committee from 1989 through 2007 and was chairman of the audit committee from 1989 through 2003.
Paul Mendelson currently serves as chief financial officer of Lincoln Investment Planning, Inc., a broker/dealer and registered investment advisor, and has served in such capacity since 1994. In this capacity, Mr. Mendelson is responsible for all financial reporting, controls, planning and regulatory issues. His activities also include acquisitions, consulting with branch offices, negotiating leases and other contracts, and as a member of the executive committee participating in strategic planning. From 1996 to 1999, Mr. Mendelson also led the technology and operations divisions of Lincoln Investment Planning. Prior to joining Lincoln Investment Planning in 1994, Mr. Mendelson spent 20 years in various positions including controller, chief financial officer, vice president, president and trustee for a group of commonly-owned privately held businesses including manufacturing, retail, service and real estate. Prior to this, Mr. Mendelson spent two years with Arthur Anderson and Company, an international public accounting firm. Mr. Mendelson received a B.S. degree in Accounting from Lehigh University and an M.B.A. degree from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. He is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and holds a Series 27 Securities License.
Gerald Stahlecker currently serves as managing director and chief operating officer of the Radcliffe Group, which manages hedge funds through its affiliated entities, and is the co-chair of its investment committee. Mr. Stahlecker joined the Radcliffe Group in May 1998, became a director in January 2000 and has been a principal since July 2002. Mr. Stahlecker has extensive experience in structuring and negotiating investment transactions on behalf of investors and issuers and has participated in numerous distressed and special situation restructurings on behalf of investors. Prior to joining the Radcliffe Group, from 1992 to 1998 Mr. Stahlecker was an attorney at Klehr, Harrison, Harvey, Branzburg & Ellers, LLP, a Philadelphia-based law firm, where he practiced corporate and securities law. While at Klehr, Harrison, Mr. Stahlecker represented hedge funds, venture capital funds and other institutional investors pursuing structured equity and debt investments in public and private companies.
Prior to attending law school, from 1987 to 1989 Mr. Stahlecker worked as a senior analyst at Furash & Company, a consulting and investment boutique in Washington, D.C., where he advised clients regarding mergers and acquisitions, restructurings, asset/liability management and strategic planning. Mr. Stahlecker received his B.S. in Industrial Management, with concentrations in Finance and Strategic Planning, from Carnegie Mellon University and his J.D. from Villanova University Law School, where he was an Editor of the Villanova University Environmental Law Journal. Mr. Stahlecker also serves on the Board of Trustees and is a member of the Development Committee of The Philadelphia School.
Executive Officers
The following persons serve as our executive officers in the following capacities:
NAME |
AGE | POSITIONS HELD | ||
Michael C. Forman |
47 | President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
Gerard Scarpati |
52 | Chief Financial Officer | ||
Salvatore Faia |
45 | Chief Compliance Officer |
The address for each executive officer is c/o FS Investment Corporation, Cira Centre, 2929 Arch Street, Suite 675, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-2867.
Executive Officers Who are Not Directors
Salvatore Faia has been our chief compliance officer since inception. Since 2004, Mr. Faia has served as the president of Vigilant Compliance Services, a full service compliance firm serving mutual funds and the investment industry. In connection with his role as president of Vigilant Compliance Services, he currently serves as chief compliance officer for a number of mutual funds and investment advisers.
76
From 2002 to 2004, Mr. Faia served as Senior legal counsel for PFPC Worldwide, and from 1997-2001 was a partner in Pepper Hamilton LLPs Philadelphia Office. Mr. Faia has extensive experience with mutual funds, hedge funds, investment advisers, broker dealers and the investment management industry. In addition to being an experienced 1940 Act and Advisers Act attorney, he is a Certified Public Accountant, and holds various NASD Securities Licenses. Mr. Faia is a Member of the Investment Company Institutes Chief Compliance Officer Committee. Mr. Faia graduated from La Salle University and received his J.D. from the University of Pennsylvania Law School.
Gerard Scarpati has been our chief financial officer since inception. Mr. Scarpati has more than 25 years of experience in the financial services industry where he has held several senior level financial management positions. Since 2005, Mr. Scarpati has served as the chief financial officer and chief compliance officer of JS Asset Management, LLC, an investment adviser. In connection with his role at JS Asset Management, Mr. Scarpati also serves as the chief financial officer of The Rhino Fund, LP, a hedge fund sponsored by JS Asset Management.
Previously, from 2003 to 2004 Mr. Scarpati served as the chief financial officer of CMS Companies, an investment and insurance advisory firm. From 1995 to 2003 Mr. Scarpati served as the chief financial officer of the Lockwood Financial Group, an investment management and securities brokerage firm, where he was responsible for all financial operations and regulatory reporting. Prior to Lockwood, from 1994 to 1995 Mr. Scarpati managed all financial operations as director of finance for Turner Investment Partners, and from 1992 to 1994 he served as the vice president-controller of The ReSource Intermediary Group. In addition, he has also held senior level financial management positions at Continental American Insurance Co., and Primerica/Commercial Credit (now Citigroup). Mr. Scarpati started his career as an auditor at KPMG in Baltimore in 1977. Mr. Scarpati is a Certified Public Accountant and holds a B.S. in Accounting from the University of Delaware and an MBA from Villanova University. He also holds several security brokerage industry licenses, such as Series 27, 24, and 7.
Committees of the Board of Directors
Our board of directors has the following committee:
Audit Committee
The audit committee is responsible for selecting, engaging and discharging our independent accountants, reviewing the plans, scope and results of the audit engagement with our independent accountants, approving professional services provided by our independent accountants (including compensation therefore), reviewing the independence of our independent accountants and reviewing the adequacy of our internal controls over financial reporting. The members of the audit committee are expected to be Messrs. Chandler, Frank and Stahlecker. Mr. Chandler is expected to serve as the chairman of the audit committee. Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Chandler is an audit committee financial expert as defined under SEC rules.
Compensation of Directors
Prior to meeting our minimum offering requirement, our directors are not entitled to compensation. Subsequent to meeting our minimum offering requirement, our directors who do not also serve in an executive officer capacity for us or FB Advisor will receive an annual cash retainer of $25,000. These directors will be Messrs. Chandler, Frank, Heller, Mendelson and Stahlecker. We will also reimburse each of the above directors for all reasonable and authorized business expenses in accordance with our policies as in effect from time to time. We will not pay compensation to our directors who also serve in an executive officer capacity for us or FB Advisor for the year ended December 31, 2008.
77
Each director entitled to compensation will also receive $1,000 for each board meeting in which the director attended and reimbursement of reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attending each board meeting. The directors entitled to compensation will also receive $1,000 for each committee meeting in which they attend plus reimbursement of reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attending each committee meeting not held concurrently with a board meeting. In addition, committee chairmen will receive an additional annual retainer of $5,000.
Compensation of Executive Officers
None of our executive officers receive direct compensation from us. We have no employees and pay no compensation to any of our executive officers or directors with the exception of compensation paid to our chief compliance officer and our chief financial officer which is established by our board of directors, paid by FB Advisor and is subject to reimbursement by us for services rendered to us.
78
The management of our investment portfolio will be the responsibility of FB Advisor and its investment committee, which currently consists of Michael Forman, chief executive officer of FB Advisor and chairman of its investment committee, and David Adelman, vice chairman of FB Advisor. For more information regarding the business experience of Messrs. Forman and Adelman, see ManagementBoard of Directors and Executive Officers. FB Advisors investment committee must unanimously approve each new investment that we make. The members of FB Advisors investment committee will not be employed by us, and will receive no compensation from us in connection with their portfolio management activities.
Pursuant to an investment sub-advisory agreement between FB Advisor and GDFM, GDFM will provide assistance to FB Advisor in identifying investment opportunities and making investment recommendations for approval by FB Advisor. In addition, to the extent requested by FB Advisor, GDFM may assist with the monitoring of our portfolio and may make managerial assistance available to certain of our portfolio companies.
Investment Personnel
Our investment personnel currently consists of the members of FB Advisors investment committee, Messrs. Forman and Adelman, and Ryan Conley who serves as vice president of FB Advisor. See ManagementBoard of Directors and Executive Officers for biographical information pertaining to Messrs. Forman and Adelman.
Ryan D. Conley has been our vice president and secretary since inception and serves as vice president of FB Advisor, reporting directly to Messrs. Forman and Adelman. From 2006 to 2008, Mr. Conley served as analyst at FB Capital Partners, where he was responsible for evaluating, executing and monitoring income-oriented private equity investments. From 2004 to 2006, Mr. Conley was first an associate, and later a senior associate in the Investment Banking Group at Janney Montgomery Scott LLC, where he was responsible for providing valuation analysis, transaction execution and advisory services to companies in the water and energy industries. His investment and advisory experience includes private equity and debt investments, public equity and debt offerings, mergers, acquisitions and other corporate finance assignments totaling more than $1.8 billion in transaction value. Mr. Conley holds a B.A. in Economics from Swarthmore College.
FB Advisor is currently staffed with four investment professionals. In addition, FB Advisor may retain additional investment personnel following the date we meet our minimum offering requirement, based upon its needs.
The table below shows the dollar range of shares of common stock beneficially owned as of the date of this prospectus by each portfolio manager of FB Advisor.
Name of Portfolio Manager |
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in FS Investment Corporation(1) | |
Michael C. Forman |
Over $100,000 | |
David J. Adelman |
Over $100,000 | |
Ryan D. Conley |
None |
(1) | Dollar ranges are as follows: None, $1-$10,000, $10,001-$50,000, $50,001-$100,000, or Over $100,000. |
Key Personnel of the Sub-adviser
Dean T. Criares is a senior managing director at The Blackstone Group and is co-head of GDFM. Before joining Blackstone in 2002, Mr. Criares worked at CIBC World Markets for 15 years. In his last assignment at CIBC he was a managing director and a portfolio manager for the structured investment vehicles managed by
79
Trimaran Advisors, L.L.C. Prior to that, Mr. Criares was responsible at CIBC for structuring and underwriting senior secured debt, primarily for leveraged issuers. Before joining CIBC, Mr. Criares worked for European American Bank. Mr. Criares received a BA in Economics and Political Science from Drew University and an MBA from Columbia University.
Daniel H. Smith is a senior managing director at The Blackstone Group and is co-head of GDFM. Mr. Smith joined GSO from the Royal Bank of Canada, or RBC, in July 2005. At RBC Mr. Smith was a managing partner and head of RBC Capital Partners Debt Investments business, RBCs alternative investments unit responsible for the management of $2.5 billion in capital and a portfolio of merchant banking investments. Prior to RBC, Mr. Smith worked at Indosuez Capital, a division of Credit Agricole Indosuez, where he was the co-head and managing director responsible for management of the firms $4.0 billion in CLOs and a member of the investment committee responsible for a portfolio of private equity co-investments and mezzanine debt investments. Previously, Mr. Smith worked at Van Kampen and Frye Louis Capital Management. Mr. Smith received a Masters degree in Management from the J.L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management at Northwestern University and a B.S. in Petroleum Engineering from the University of Southern California.
80
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES AGREEMENT
Overview of FB Advisor
Management Services and Responsibilities
FB Advisor has registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act and will serve as our investment adviser pursuant to the investment advisory and administrative services agreement in accordance with the 1940 Act. Subject to the overall supervision of our board of directors, FB Advisor will oversee our day-to-day operations and provide us with investment advisory services. Under the terms of the investment advisory and administrative services agreement, FB Advisor will:
| determine the composition and allocation of our portfolio, the nature and timing of the changes to our portfolio and the manner of implementing such changes; |
| determine what securities we will purchase, retain or sell; |
| identify, evaluate, negotiate and structure the investments we make; and |
| execute, monitor and service the investments we make. |
FB Advisors services under the investment advisory and administrative services agreement may not be exclusive, and it is free to furnish similar services to other entities so long as its services to us are not impaired. In addition, FB Advisor performs certain administrative services under the investment advisory and administrative services agreement. See Administrative Services.
Advisory Fees
We will pay FB Advisor a fee for its services under the investment advisory and administrative services agreement consisting of two componentsa base management fee and an incentive fee. The cost of both the base management fee payable to FB Advisor and any incentive fees it earns will ultimately be borne by our common stockholders.
Base Management Fee
The base management fee will be calculated at an annual rate of 2.0% of our average gross assets. The base management fee will be payable quarterly in arrears, and will be calculated based on the average value of our gross assets at the end of the two most recently completed calendar quarters. The base management fee may or may not be taken in whole or in part at the discretion of FB Advisor. All or any part of the base management fee not taken as to any quarter shall be deferred without interest and may be taken in such other quarter as FB Advisor shall determine. The base management fee for any partial month or quarter will be appropriately prorated.
Incentive Fee
The incentive fee will have three parts. The first part, which we refer to as the subordinated incentive fee on income, will be calculated and payable quarterly in arrears based upon our pre-incentive fee net investment income for the immediately preceding quarter. The subordinated incentive fee on income will be subject to a quarterly preferred return to investors, expressed as a rate of return on adjusted capital at the beginning of the most recently completed calendar quarter, of 2.0% (8.0% annualized), subject to a catch up feature. For this purpose, pre-incentive fee net investment income means interest income, dividend income and any other income (including any other fees, other than fees for providing managerial assistance, such as commitment, origination, structuring, diligence and consulting fees or other fees that we receive from portfolio companies) accrued during the calendar quarter, minus our operating expenses for the quarter (including the base management fee, expenses reimbursed to FB Advisor under the investment advisory and administrative services agreement and any interest expense and dividends paid on any issued and outstanding preferred stock, but
81
excluding the incentive fee). Pre-incentive fee net investment income includes, in the case of investments with a deferred interest feature (such as original issue discount, debt instruments with payment-in-kind interest and zero coupon securities), accrued income that we have not yet received in cash. Pre-incentive fee net investment income does not include any realized capital gains, realized capital losses or unrealized capital appreciation or depreciation. The calculation of the subordinated incentive fee on income for each quarter is as follows:
| No incentive fee is payable to FB Advisor in any calendar quarter in which our pre-incentive fee net investment income does not exceed the preferred return rate of 2.0% (the preferred return). |
| 100% of our pre-incentive fee net investment income, if any, that exceeds the preferred return but is less than or equal to 2.5% in any calendar quarter (10.0% annualized) is payable to FB Advisor. We refer to this portion of our pre-incentive fee net investment income (which exceeds the preferred return but is less than or equal to 2.5%) as the catch-up. The catch-up provision is intended to provide FB Advisor with an incentive fee of 20.0% on all of our pre-incentive fee net investment income when our pre-incentive fee net investment income reaches 2.5% in any calendar quarter. |
| 20.0% of the amount of our pre-incentive fee net investment income, if any, that exceeds 2.5% in any calendar quarter (10.0% annualized) is payable to FB Advisor once the preferred return is reached and the catch-up is achieved, (20.0% of all pre-incentive fee net investment income thereafter is allocated to FB Advisor). |
The following is a graphical representation of the calculation of the income-related portion of the incentive fee:
Quarterly Subordinated Incentive Fee on Income
Pre-incentive fee net investment income (expressed as a percentage of adjusted capital)
Percentage of pre-incentive fee net investment income allocated to income-related portion of incentive fee
These calculations will be appropriately pro rated for any period of less than three months and adjusted, if appropriate, for any equity capital raises or repurchases during the current calendar quarter.
The second part of the incentive fee, which we refer to as the incentive fee on capital gains during operations, will be an incentive fee on capital gains earned on liquidated investments from the portfolio during operations prior to a liquidation of the company and will be determined and payable in arrears as of the end of each calendar year (or upon termination of the investment advisory and administrative services agreement). This fee will equal 20.0% of our incentive fee capital gains, which will equal our realized capital gains on a cumulative basis from inception, calculated as of the end of each calendar year, computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation on a cumulative basis, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid capital gain incentive fees.
The third part of the incentive fee, which we refer to as the subordinated liquidation incentive fee, will equal 20.0% of the net proceeds from a liquidation of the company in excess of adjusted capital, as calculated immediately prior to liquidation.
All percentages are based on average adjusted capital as defined above.
82
Example 1: Subordinated Incentive Fee on Income for Each Calendar Quarter
Scenario 1
Assumptions
Investment income (including interest, dividends, fees, etc.) = 1.25%
Preferred return(1) = 2.0%
Base management fee(2) = 0.5%
Other expenses (legal, accounting, custodian, transfer agent, etc.)(3) = 0.2%
Pre-incentive fee net investment income
(investment income(base management fee + other expenses) = 0.55%
Pre-incentive fee net investment income does not exceed the preferred return rate, therefore there is no subordinated incentive fee on income payable.
Scenario 2
Assumptions
Investment income (including interest, dividends, fees, etc.) = 2.9%
Preferred return(1) = 2.0%
Base management fee(2) = 0.5%
Other expenses (legal, accounting, custodian, transfer agent, etc.)(3) = 0.2%
Pre-incentive fee net investment income
(investment income(base management fee + other expenses) = 2.2%
Subordinated incentive fee on income = 100% × pre-incentive fee net investment income (subject to
catch-up)(4)
= 100% x (2.2% 2.0% ) | ||
= 0.2% |
Pre-incentive fee net investment income exceeds the preferred return rate, but does not fully satisfy the catch-up provision, therefore the subordinated incentive fee on income is 0.2%.
Scenario 3
Assumptions
Investment income (including interest, dividends, fees, etc.) = 3.5%
Preferred return(1) = 2.0%
Base management fee(2) = 0.5%
Other expenses (legal, accounting, custodian, transfer agent, etc.)(3) = 0.2%
Pre-incentive fee net investment income
(investment income -(base management fee + other expenses) = 2.8%
Catch up = 100% × pre-incentive fee net investment income (subject to catch-up)(4)
Subordinated incentive fee on income = 100% × catch-up + (20.0% × (pre-incentive fee net investment income - 2.5%))
Catch up | = 2.5% 2.0% | |
= 0.5% |
83
Subordinated incentive fee on income = (100% × 0.5%) + (20.0% × (2.8% 2.5%))
= 0.5% + (2% × 0.3%) | ||
= 0.5% + 0.06% | ||
= 0.56% |
Pre-incentive fee net investment income exceeds the preferred return and fully satisfies the catch-up provision, therefore the subordinated incentive fee on income is 0.56%.
(1) | Represents 8.0% annualized preferred return. |
(2) | Represents 2.0% annualized base management fee on average gross assets. Examples assume assets are equal to adjusted capital. |
(3) | Excludes organizational and offering expenses. |
(4) | The catch-up provision is intended to provide FB Advisor with an incentive fee of 20.0% on all pre-incentive fee net investment income when our net investment income exceeds 2.5% in any calendar quarter. |
Example 2: Incentive Fee on Capital Gains During Operations
Scenario 1:
Assumptions
Year 1: $20 million investment made in Company A (Investment A), and $30 million investment made in Company B (Investment B)
Year 2: Investment A sold for $50 million and fair market value (FMV) of Investment B determined to be $32 million
Year 3: FMV of Investment B determined to be $25 million
Year 4: Investment B sold for $31 million
The incentive fee on capital gains during operations would be:
Year 1: None
Year 2: Incentive fee on capital gains during operations of $6 million ($30 million realized capital gains on sale of Investment A multiplied by 20.0%)
Year 3: None g $5 million (20.0% multiplied by ($30 million cumulative capital gains less $5 million cumulative capital depreciation)) less $6 million (previous capital gains fee paid in Year 2)
Year 4: Incentive fee on capital gains during operations of $200,000 g $6.2 million ($31 million cumulative realized capital gains multiplied by 20.0%) less $6 million (incentive fee on capital gains during operations taken in Year 2)
Scenario 2
Assumptions
Year 1: $20 million investment made in Company A (Investment A), $30 million investment made in Company B (Investment B) and $25 million investment made in Company C (Investment C)
Year 2: Investment A sold for $50 million, FMV of Investment B determined to be $25 million and FMV of Investment C determined to be $25 million
Year 3: FMV of Investment B determined to be $27 million and Investment C sold for $30 million
84
Year 4: FMV of Investment B determined to be $35 million
Year 5: Investment B sold for $20 million
The capital gains incentive fee, if any, would be:
Year 1: None
Year 2: $5 million incentive fee on capital gains during operations g 20.0% multiplied by $25 million ($30 million realized capital gains on Investment A less unrealized capital depreciation on Investment B)
Year 3: $1.4 million incentive fee on capital gains during operations g $6.4 million (20.0% multiplied by $32 million ($35 million cumulative realized capital gains less $3 million unrealized capital depreciation)) less $5 million incentive fee on capital gains during operations received in Year 2
Year 4: None
Year 5: None g $5 million (20.0% multiplied by $25 million (cumulative realized capital gains of $35 million less realized capital losses of $10 million)) less $6.4 million cumulative incentive fee on capital gains during operations paid in Year 2 and Year 3
Example 3: Subordinated Liquidation Incentive Fee
Scenario 1
Assumptions
Year 1: Gross offering proceeds total $85 million. $20 million investment made in Company A (Investment A), $30 million investment made in Company B (Investment B) and $25 million investment made in Company C (Investment C)
Year 2: Investment A sold for $25 million and all proceeds, net of any capital gains incentive fees payable, are returned to shareholders. FMV of Investment B determined to be $30 million and FMV of Investment C determined to be $27 million.
Year 3: FMV of Investment B determined to be $31 million. FMV of Investment C Determined to be $20 million.
Year 4: FMV of Investment B determined to be $35 million. FMV of Investment C determined to be $25 million.
Year 5: Investments B and C sold in an orderly liquidation for total proceeds of $55 million. All proceeds, net of any capital gains incentive fees payable, are returned to shareholders.
The capital gains incentive fee, if any, would be:
Year 1: None
Year 2: $1 million incentive fee on capital gains during operations g 20.0% multiplied by a realized gain $5 million (no unrealized depreciation or realized losses occurred). Adjusted capital now equals $61 million ($85 million gross proceeds less $24 million returned to shareholders from the sale of portfolio investments).
Year 3: None
Year 4: None
Year 5: No subordinated liquidation incentive fee due g Liquidation proceeds of $55 million are less than adjusted capital immediately prior to liquidation ($61 million).
85
Scenario 2
Assumptions
Year 1: Gross offering proceeds total $85 million. $20 million investment made in Company A (Investment A), $30 million investment made in Company B (Investment B) and $25 million investment made in Company C (Investment C).
Year 2: Investment A sold for $25 million and all proceeds, net of any capital gains incentive fees payable, are returned to shareholders. FMV of Investment B determined to be $30 million and FMV of Investment C determined to be $27 million.
Year 3: FMV of Investment B determined to be $31 million. FMV of Investment C Determined to be $20 million.
Year 4: FMV of Investment B determined to be $35 million. FMV of Investment C determined to be $25 million.
Year 5: Investments B and C sold in an orderly liquidation for total proceeds of $80 million. All proceeds, net of any capital gains incentive fees payable, are returned to shareholders.
The capital gains incentive fee, if any, would be:
Year 1: None
Year 2: $1 million incentive fee on capital gains during operations g 20.0% multiplied by a realized gain $5 million (no unrealized depreciation or realized losses occurred). Adjusted capital now equals $61 million ($85 million gross proceeds less $24 million returned to shareholders from the sale of portfolio investments).
Year 3: None
Year 4: None
Year 5: $3.8 million subordinated liquidation incentive fee g 20.0% multiplied by liquidation proceeds ($80 million) in excess of adjusted capital immediately prior to liquidation ($61 million), or $19 million.
* | The returns shown are for illustrative purposes only. There is no guarantee that positive returns will be realized and actual returns may vary from those shown in the examples above. |
Payment of Our Expenses
Our primary operating expenses will be the payment of advisory fees and other expenses under the investment advisory and administrative services agreement. Our investment advisory fee will compensate FB Advisor for its work in identifying, evaluating, negotiating, executing, monitoring and servicing our investments. FB Advisor shall be responsible for compensating GDFM for its services pursuant to the sub-advisory agreement. We will bear all other expenses of our operations and transactions, including (without limitation) fees and expenses relating to:
| corporate and organizational expenses relating to offerings of our common stock, subject to limitations included in the investment advisory and administrative services agreement; |
| the cost of calculating our net asset value, including the cost of any third-party valuation services; |
| the cost of effecting sales and repurchase of shares of our common stock and other securities; |
| investment advisory fees; |
| fees payable to third parties relating to, or associated with, making investments and valuing investments, including fees and expenses associated with performing due diligence reviews of prospective investments; |
86
| transfer agent and custodial fees; |
| fees and expenses associated with marketing efforts; |
| federal and state registration fees |
| federal, state and local taxes; |
| independent directors fees and expenses; |
| costs of proxy statements, stockholders reports and notices; |
| fidelity bond, directors and officers/errors and omissions liability insurance and other insurance premiums; |
| direct costs such as printing, mailing, long distance telephone, and staff; |
| fees and expenses associated with independent audits and outside legal costs, including compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; |
| costs associated with our reporting and compliance obligations under the 1940 Act and applicable federal and state securities laws; |
| brokerage commissions for our investments; and |
| all other expenses incurred by FB Advisor, GDFM or us in connection with administering our business, including expenses incurred by FB Advisor or GDFM in performing its obligations, and the reimbursement of the compensation of our chief financial officer and chief compliance officer paid by FB Advisor, to the extent they are not controlling persons of FB Advisor or any of its affiliates, subject to the limitations included in the investment advisory and administrative services agreement. |
Reimbursement of FB Advisor
We will reimburse FB Advisor for the administrative expenses necessary for its performance of services to us, provided that such reimbursement shall be the lower of FB Advisors actual costs or the amount that we would be required to pay for comparable administrative services in the same geographic location, and provided further that such costs will be reasonably allocated to us on the basis of assets, revenues, time records or other reasonable methods. We will not reimburse FB Advisor for any services for which it receives a separate fee, nor for rent, depreciation, utilities, capital equipment or other administrative items allocated to a controlling person of FB Advisor.
Duration and Termination
The investment advisory and administrative services agreement was approved by our board of directors in February 2008. Unless earlier terminated as described below, the investment advisory and administrative services agreement will remain in effect for a period of two years from the date it was approved by the board of directors and will remain in effect from year-to-year thereafter if approved annually by the board of directors or by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of our outstanding voting securities, including, in either case, approval by a majority of our directors who are not interested persons. An affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of our outstanding voting securities is also necessary in order to make material amendments to the investment advisory and administrative services agreement.
The investment advisory and administrative services agreement will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment. As required by the 1940 Act, the investment advisory and administrative services agreement provides that we may terminate the agreement without penalty upon 60 days written notice to FB Advisor. If FB Advisor wishes to voluntarily terminate the investment advisory and administrative services agreement, it must give stockholders a minimum of 120 days notice prior to termination and must pay all expenses associated with its termination. The investment advisory and administrative services agreement may also be terminated, without penalty, upon the vote of a majority of our outstanding voting securities.
87
Without the vote of a majority of our outstanding voting securities, our investment advisory and administrative services agreement may not be materially amended, nor may we engage in a merger or other reorganization of FB Advisor. In addition, should we or FB Advisor elect to terminate the investment advisory and administrative services agreement, a new investment adviser may not be appointed without approval of a majority of our outstanding common stock, except in limited circumstances where a temporary adviser may be appointed without stockholder consent, consistent with the 1940 Act for a time period not to exceed [ ] days. FB Advisor may not terminate the investment sub-advisory agreement with GDFM without prior approval from our board of directors.
Prohibited Activities
Our charter prohibits the following activities between us and FB Advisor:
| We may not purchase or lease assets in which FB Advisor has an interest unless we disclose the terms of the transaction to our stockholders and the terms do not exceed the lesser of cost or fair market value, as determined by an independent expert; |
| FB Advisor may not acquire assets from us unless approved by our stockholders in accordance with our charter; |
| We may not lease assets to FB Advisor unless we disclose the terms of the transaction to our stockholders and such terms are fair and reasonable to us; |
| We may not make any loans to FB Advisor except for the advancement of funds as permitted by our charter; |
| We may not acquire assets in exchange for our stock; |
| We may not pay a commission or fee, either directly or indirectly to FB Advisor, except as otherwise permitted by our charter, in connection with the reinvestment of cash flows from operations and available reserves or of the proceeds of the resale, exchange or refinancing of our assets; |
| FB Advisor may not charge duplicate fees to us; and |
| FB Advisor may not provide financing to us with a term in excess of 12 months. |
Indemnification
Our charter and the investment advisory and administrative services agreement provides that FB Advisor and its officers, directors, controlling persons and any other person or entity affiliated with it acting as our agent shall not be entitled to indemnification (including reasonable attorneys fees and amounts reasonably paid in settlement) for any liability or loss suffered by the adviser, nor shall FB Advisor be held harmless for any loss or liability suffered by us, unless (i) FB Advisor has determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct which caused the loss or liability was in our best interests, (ii) FB Advisor was acting on behalf of or performing services for us, (iii) the liability or loss suffered was not the result of negligence or misconduct by FB Advisor or an affiliate thereof acting as our agent, and (iv) the indemnification or agreement to hold FB Advisor harmless is only recoverable out of our assets and not from our stockholders. In addition, FB Advisor has agreed to indemnify us for losses or damages arising out of its willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of the reckless disregard of its duties and obligations under the investment advisory and administrative services agreement.
Organization of FB Advisor
FB Advisor is a Delaware limited liability company that is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act. The principal address of FB Advisor is c/o FB Income Advisor, LLC, Cira Centre, 2929 Arch Street, Suite 675, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-2867.
88
Overview of GDFM
GDFM acts as our sub-adviser pursuant to an investment sub-advisory agreement with FB Advisor and is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC under the Advisers Act. GDFM is a Delaware limited liability company with principal offices located at 345 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10017.
Under the terms of the sub-advisory agreement, GDFM will assist FB Advisor in managing our portfolio in accordance with our stated investment objectives and policies. This assistance will include making investment recommendations, monitoring and servicing our investments, performing due diligence on prospective portfolio companies, and providing research and other investment advisory services for us. However, all investment decisions will ultimately be the responsibility of FB Advisors investment committee.
The sub-advisory agreement provides that GDFM will receive a portion of all fees payable to FB Advisor under the investment advisory and administrative services agreement. On an annual basis, GDFM shall receive $0 of the first $500,000 of the fees payable to FB Advisor under the investment advisory and administrative services agreement with respect to each year, $750,000 of the next $750,000 of fees payable to FB Advisor under the investment advisory and administrative services agreement with respect to each year and 50% of all fees in excess of $1,250,000 payable to FB Advisor under the investment advisory and administrative services agreement with respect to each year.
The sub-advisory agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by GDFM or, upon 60 days written notice, by FB Advisor, if the board of directors or the holders of a majority of our outstanding voting securities determine that it should be terminated.
Board Approval of the Investment Advisory and Sub-Advisory Agreements
A discussion regarding the basis for our board of directors approval of our investment advisory and administrative services agreement and investment sub-advisory agreement will be included in our first periodic report we file with the SEC following the commencement of this offering.
89
FB Advisor will be reimbursed for administrative expenses it incurs on our behalf, including general ledger accounting, fund accounting, and investor services. FB Advisor also performs, or oversees the performance of, our required administrative services, which includes being responsible for the financial records which we are required to maintain and preparing reports to our stockholders and reports filed with the SEC. In addition, FB Advisor assists us in publishing our net asset value, overseeing the preparation and filing of our tax returns and the printing and dissemination of reports to our stockholders, and generally overseeing the payment of our expenses and the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to us by others. For providing these services, facilities and personnel, we will reimburse FB Advisor for administrative expenses it incurs in performing its obligations.
Absent willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of their respective duties or by reason of the reckless disregard of their respective duties and obligations, our administrator and its officers, managers, agents, employees, controlling persons, members and any other person or entity affiliated with it are entitled to indemnification from us for any damages, liabilities, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys fees and amounts reasonably paid in settlement) arising from the rendering of investment management services as administrator for us. In addition, our administrator has agreed to indemnify us for losses or damages arising out of its willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of the reckless disregard of its duties and obligations.
90
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
We have entered into an investment advisory and administrative services agreement with FB Advisor. Pursuant to the investment advisory and administrative services agreement, we will pay FB Advisor a base management fee and an incentive fee. See Investment Advisory and Administrative Services Agreement for a description of how the fees payable to FB Advisor will be determined.
Mr. Forman, our chief executive officer, also serves as chief executive officer of FB Advisor, and Mr. Adelman serves as vice chairman of FB Advisor. In addition, Mr. Forman owns 75% of FB Advisor.
Prior to the occurrence of a liquidity event, all future transactions with affiliates of ours shall be on terms no less favorable than could be obtained from an unaffiliated third party and must be approved by a majority of our directors, including a majority of our independent directors.
Allocation of FB Advisors Time
We rely, in part, on FB Advisor to manage our day-to-day activities and to implement our investment strategy. FB Advisor and certain of its affiliates are presently, and plan in the future to continue to be, involved with activities which are unrelated to us. As a result of these activities, FB Advisor, its employees and certain of its affiliates will have conflicts of interest in allocating their time between us and other activities in which they are or may become involved. FB Advisor and its employees will devote only as much of its time to our business as FB Advisor and its employees, in their judgment, determine is reasonably required, which may be substantially less than their full time. Therefore, FB Advisor, its personnel, and certain affiliates may experience conflicts of interest in allocating management time, services, and functions among us and any other business ventures in which they or any of their key personnel, as applicable, are or may become involved. This could result in actions that are more favorable to other affiliated entities than to us. However, FB Advisor believes that it and its affiliates have sufficient personnel to discharge fully their responsibilities to all activities in which they are involved.
Allocation of GDFMs Time
We rely, in part, on GDFM to assist with identifying investment opportunities and making investment recommendations to FB Advisor. GDFM, its affiliates and their respective members, partners, officers and employees will devote as much of their time to our activities as they deem necessary and appropriate. GDFM and its affiliates are not restricted from forming additional investment funds, from entering into other investment advisory relationships or from engaging in other business activities, even though such activities may be in competition with us and/or may involve substantial time and resources of GDFM. These activities could be viewed as creating a conflict of interest in that the time and effort of the members of GDFM, its affiliates and their officers and employees will not be devoted exclusively to our business but will be allocated between us and the management of the monies of other advisees of GDFM and its affiliates.
Competition
Concurrent with this offering, employees of FB Advisor are simultaneously providing investment advisory services to FB Capital Partners, LP. FB Capital Partners was organized for the purpose of sourcing and managing income-oriented investments for institutions and high net worth individuals. The investors of vehicles sponsored by FB Capital Partners are accredited investors or qualified purchasers. FB Advisor may determine it appropriate for us and one or more other investment accounts managed by FB Advisor, GDFM or any of their respective affiliates to participate in an investment opportunity. These co-investment opportunities may give rise to conflicts of interest or perceived conflicts of interest among us and the other participating accounts. To mitigate these conflicts, FB Advisor will seek to execute such transactions for all of the participating investment accounts, including us, on a fair and equitable basis, taking into account such factors as the relative amounts of capital available for new investments and the investment programs and portfolio positions of us, the clients for which participation is appropriate and any other factors deemed appropriate.
91
Affiliated Dealer Manager
The dealer manager is an affiliate of FB Advisor. This relationship may create conflicts in connection with the dealer managers due diligence obligations under the federal securities laws. Although the dealer manager will examine the information in the prospectus for accuracy and completeness, due to its affiliation with FB Advisor, no independent review of us will be made in connection with the distribution of our shares in this offering.
Investments
As a BDC, we may be limited in our ability to invest in any portfolio company in which any fund or other client managed by FB Advisor, GDFM or any of their respective affiliates has an investment. We may also be limited in our ability to co-invest in a portfolio company with FB Advisor or one or more of its affiliates. GDFM, however, does not have investment discretion over our portfolio. Accordingly, consistent with our reading of the 1940 Act, the rules thereunder, and, in particular, the interpretations of the staff of the SEC, we believe that we have the ability to co-invest in a portfolio company with GDFM or one or more of its affiliates without the need to obtain relief from the SEC. In the event the SEC or its staff takes a different position in this regard, we could be limited in our ability to invest in certain portfolio companies in which GDFM or any of its affiliates are investing or are invested.
Appraisal and Compensation
Our charter provides that, in connection with any transaction involving a merger, conversion or consolidation, either directly or indirectly, involving us and the issuance of securities of a surviving entity after the successful completion of such transaction, or roll-up, an appraisal of all our assets will be obtained from a competent independent appraiser. Such appraisal will be based on all relevant information and shall indicate the value of our assets as of a date immediately prior to the announcement of the proposed roll-up. The engagement of such independent appraiser shall be for the exclusive benefit of our stockholders. A summary of such appraisal shall be included in a report to our stockholders in connection with a proposed roll-up. All stockholders will be afforded the opportunity to vote to approve such proposed roll-up, and shall be permitted to receive cash in an amount of such stockholders pro rata share of the appraised value of our net assets.
92
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
After this offering, no person will be deemed to control us, as such term is defined in the 1940 Act. The following table sets forth, as of the date of this prospectus, information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock by:
| each person known to us to beneficially own more than 5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock; |
| each of our directors and each executive officer; and |
| all of our directors and executive officers as a group. |
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and includes voting or investment power with respect to the securities. There is no common stock subject to options that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of the offering.
Name |
Shares Beneficially Owned as of the Date of This Prospectus | |||||||
Number | Percentage assuming minimum amount is purchased |
Percentage assuming maximum amount is purchased | ||||||
Directors and Executive Officers:(1) |
||||||||
Interested Directors: |
||||||||
Michael C. Forman |
83,334 | (2) | 23.1 | % | * | |||
David J. Adelman |
27,778 | (2) | 7.7 | % | * | |||
Michael Heller |
| | | |||||
Independent Directors: |
||||||||
Gregory P. Chandler |
| | | |||||
Barry H. Frank |
| | | |||||
Paul Mendelson |
| | | |||||
Gerald Stahlecker |
| | | |||||
Executive Officers: |
||||||||
Salvatore Faia |
| | | |||||
Gerard Scarpati |
| | | |||||
All officers and directors as a group (7 persons) |
111,112 | 30.8 | % | * |
* | Less than one percent. |
(1) | The address of each beneficial owner is c/o FS Investment Corporation, Cira Centre, 2929 Arch Street, Suite 675, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-2867. |
(2) | In February 2008, pursuant to a private placement, Messrs. Forman and Adelman purchased an aggregate of 111,112 shares of our common stock at a purchase price per share of $9.00. |
93
The following table sets forth, as of the date of this prospectus, the dollar range of our equity securities that is expected to be beneficially owned by each of our directors.
Name of Director |
Dollar Range of Equity Securities Beneficially Owned(1)(2)(3) | |
Interested Directors: |
||
Michael C. Forman |
Over $100,000 | |
David J. Adelman |
Over $100,000 | |
Michael Heller |
None | |
Independent Directors: |
||
Gregory P. Chandler |
None | |
Barry H. Frank |
None | |
Paul Mendelson |
None | |
Gerald Stahlecker |
None |
(1) | Beneficial ownership has been determined in accordance with Rule 16a-1(a)(2) of the Exchange Act. |
(2) | The dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by our directors is based on an assumed initial public offering price of $10.00 per share. |
(3) | The dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned are: none, $1-$10,000, $10,001-$50,000, $50,001-$100,000, or over $100,000. |
94
DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PLAN
We intend to declare distributions monthly and pay distributions on a quarterly basis beginning no later than the first calendar quarter after the month in which the minimum offering requirement is met. We have adopted an opt in distribution reinvestment plan pursuant to which you may elect to have the full amount of your cash distributions reinvested in additional shares of our stock. Any distributions of our stock pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan are dependent on the continued registration of our securities or the availability of an exemption from registration in the recipients home state. Participants in our distribution reinvestment plan are free to elect or revoke reinstatement in the distribution plan within a reasonable time as specified in the plan. If you do not elect to participate in the plan you will automatically receive any distributions we declare in cash. For example, if our board of directors authorizes, and we declare, a cash distribution, then if you have opted in to our distribution reinvestment plan you will have your cash distributions reinvested in additional shares of our common stock, rather than receiving the cash distributions. We expect to coordinate distribution payment dates so that the same price that is used for the monthly closing date immediately following such distribution payment date will be used to calculate the purchase price for purchasers under our distribution reinvestment plan. Your reinvested distributions will purchase shares at a price equal to 95% of the price that the shares are sold in the offering at the monthly closing immediately following the distribution date. Shares issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan will have the same voting rights as our shares of common stock offered pursuant to this prospectus.
If you wish to receive your distribution in cash, no action will be required on your part to do so. If you are a registered stockholder, you may elect to have your entire distribution reinvested in shares of additional stock by notifying DST Systems, Inc., the plan administrator and our transfer agent and registrar, in writing so that such notice is received by the plan administrator no later than the record date for distributions to stockholders. If you elect to reinvest your distributions in additional shares of stock, the plan administrator will set up an account for shares you acquire through the plan and will hold such shares in non-certificated form. If your shares are held by a broker or other financial intermediary, you may opt in to our distribution reinvestment plan by notifying your broker or other financial intermediary of your election.
We intend to use newly issued shares to implement the plan. The number of shares we will issue to you is determined by dividing the total dollar amount of the distribution payable to you by a price equal to 95% of the price that the shares are sold in the offering at the monthly closing immediately following the distribution date.
There will be no selling commissions, dealer manager fees or other sales charges to you if you elect to participate in the distribution reinvestment plan. We will pay the plan administrators fees under the plan.
If you receive distributions in the form of stock, you generally are subject to the same federal, state and local tax consequences as you would be had you elected to receive your distributions in cash. Your basis for determining gain or loss upon the sale of stock received in a distribution from us will be equal to the total dollar amount of the distribution payable in cash. Any stock received in a distribution will have a holding period for tax purposes commencing on the day following the day on which the shares are credited to your account.
We reserve the right to amend, suspend or terminate the distribution reinvestment plan. We may terminate the plan upon notice in writing mailed to you at least 30 days prior to any record date for the payment of any distribution by us. You may terminate your account under the plan by notifying the plan administrator via its website at www.dstsystems.com, by filling out the transaction request form located at the bottom of your statement and sending it to the plan administrator at FS Investment Services, P.O. Box 219095, Kansas City, Missouri 64121-9095, or by calling the plan administrator at (877) 628-8575.
All correspondence concerning the plan should be directed to the plan administrator by mail at FS Investment Services, P.O. Box 219095, Kansas City, Missouri 64121-9095 or by telephone at (877) 628-8575.
We have filed the complete form of our distribution reinvestment plan with the SEC as an exhibit to this registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. You may obtain a copy of the plan by request of the plan administrator or by contacting .
95
The following description is based on relevant portions of the Maryland General Corporation Law and on our charter and bylaws. This summary is not necessarily complete, and we refer you to the Maryland General Corporation Law and our charter and bylaws for a more detailed description of the provisions summarized below.
Stock
Our authorized stock consists of 500,000,000 shares of stock, par value $0.001 per share, of which 450,000,000 shares are classified as common stock and 50,000,000 shares are classified as preferred stock. There is currently no market for our common stock, and we do not expect that a market for our shares will develop in the future. No stock has been authorized for issuance under any equity compensation plans. Under Maryland law, our stockholders generally will not be personally liable for our debts or obligations.
Set forth below is a chart describing the classes of our securities to be outstanding as of the date we commence our offering:
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |||
Title of Class |
Amount Authorized |
Amount Held by Us or for Our Account |
Amount Outstanding Exclusive of Amount Under Column (3) | |||
Common Stock |
500,000,000 | | 111,112 |
Common Stock
Under the terms of our charter, all shares of our common stock will have equal rights as to voting and, when they are issued, will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. Distributions may be paid to the holders of our common stock if, as and when authorized by our board of directors and declared by us out of funds legally available therefor. Except as may be provided by the board of directors in setting the terms of classified or reclassified stock, shares of our common stock will have no preemptive, exchange, conversion or redemption rights and will be freely transferable, except where their transfer is restricted by federal and state securities laws or by contract. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, each share of our common stock would be entitled to share ratably in all of our assets that are legally available for distribution after we pay all debts and other liabilities and subject to any preferential rights of holders of our preferred stock, if any preferred stock is outstanding at such time. Each share of our common stock will be entitled to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors. Except as may be provided by the board of directors in setting the terms of classified or reclassified stock, the holders of our common stock will possess exclusive voting power. There will be no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which means that holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock will be able to elect all of our directors, provided that there are no shares of any other class or series of stock outstanding entitled to vote in the election of directors, and holders of less than a majority of such shares will be unable to elect any director.
Preferred Stock
Under the terms of our charter, our board of directors is authorized to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more series without stockholder approval. The board has discretion to determine the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions, including voting rights, distribution rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences of each series of preferred stock. Every issuance of preferred stock will be required to comply with the requirements of the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act requires, among other things, that (1) immediately after issuance and before any distribution is made with respect to our common stock and before any purchase of common stock is made, such preferred stock together with all other senior securities must not exceed an amount equal to 50% of our total assets after deducting the amount of such distribution or purchase price, as the case may
96
be, and (2) the holders of shares of preferred stock, if any are issued, must be entitled as a class to elect two directors at all times and to elect a majority of the directors if distributions on such preferred stock are in arrears by two years or more. Certain matters under the 1940 Act require the separate vote of the holders of any issued and outstanding preferred stock. We believe that the availability for issuance of preferred stock will provide us with increased flexibility in structuring future financings and acquisitions.
Limitation on Liability of Directors and Officers; Indemnification and Advance of Expenses
Maryland law permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages except for liability resulting from (a) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or (b) active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment and which is material to the cause of action.
Despite the above provisions of Maryland law, and in accordance with guidelines adopted by the North American Securities Administrations Association, our charter and the investment advisory and administrative services agreement provide that FB Advisor and its officers, directors, controlling persons and any other person or entity affiliated with it acting as our agent shall not be entitled to indemnification (including reasonable attorneys fees and amounts reasonably paid in settlement) for any liability or loss suffered by FB Advisor, nor shall FB Advisor be held harmless for any loss or liability suffered by us, unless (1) FB Advisor has determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct which caused the loss or liability was in our best interests, (2) FB Advisor was acting on behalf of or performing services for us, (3) the liability or loss suffered was not the result of negligence or misconduct by FB Advisor or an affiliate thereof acting as our agent and (4) the indemnification or agreement to hold FB Advisor harmless is only recoverable out of our assets and not from our stockholders. In addition, FB Advisor has agreed to indemnify us for losses or damages arising out of its willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of the reckless disregard of its duties and obligations under the investment advisory and administrative services agreement. In accordance with the 1940 Act, we will not indemnify any person for any liability to which such person would be subject by reason of such persons willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office.
FB Advisor has also entered into a sub-advisory agreement with GDFM. The sub-advisory agreement provides that, in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence or reckless disregard for its obligations and duties thereunder, GDFM is not liable for any error or judgment or mistake of law or for any loss we suffer. In addition, the sub-advisory agreement provides that GDFM will indemnify us and FB Advisor, and any respective affiliates, for any liability and expenses, including reasonable attorneys fees, which we, FB Advisor, or any respective affiliates may sustain as a result of GDFMs willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, reckless disregard of its duties hereunder or violation of applicable law, including, without limitation, the federal and state securities laws.
Maryland law requires a corporation (unless its charter provides otherwise, which our charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity against reasonable expenses incurred in the proceeding in which the director or officer was successful. Maryland law permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that (a) the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (1) was committed in bad faith or (2) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (b) the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services or (c) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. However, under Maryland law, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that a personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a
97
court orders indemnification, and then only for expenses. In addition, Maryland law permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the corporations receipt of (a) a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation and (b) a written undertaking by him or her or on his or her behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it is ultimately determined that the standard of conduct was not met.
Our insurance policy does not currently provide coverage for claims, liabilities and expenses that may arise out of activities that the present or former directors or officers of FB Advisor have performed for another entity at our request. There is no assurance that such entities will in fact carry such insurance. However, we note that we do not expect to request the present or former directors or officers of FB Advisor to serve another entity as a director, officer, partner or trustee unless we can obtain insurance providing coverage for such persons for any claims, liabilities or expenses that may arise out of their activities while serving in such capacities.
Provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law and Our Charter and Bylaws
The Maryland General Corporation Law and our charter and bylaws contain provisions that could make it more difficult for a potential acquirer to acquire us by means of a tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise. These provisions are expected to discourage certain coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids and to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to negotiate first with the board of directors. We believe that the benefits of these provisions outweigh the potential disadvantages of discouraging any such acquisition proposals because, among other things, the negotiation of such proposals may improve their terms.
Election of Directors
As permitted by Maryland law, our directors will be elected by a plurality of all votes cast by holders of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote at a meeting at which a quorum is present.
Number of Directors; Vacancies; Removal
Our charter provides that the number of directors will be set by the board of directors in accordance with our bylaws. Our bylaws provide that a majority of our entire board of directors may at any time increase or decrease the number of directors. Our bylaws provide that the number of directors may never be less than one or more than twelve. Except as may be provided by the board of directors in setting the terms of any class or series of preferred stock, and pursuant to an election in our charter as permitted by Maryland law, any and all vacancies on the board of directors may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors in office, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and any director elected to fill a vacancy will serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred and until a successor is elected and qualifies, subject to any applicable requirements of the 1940 Act.
Under Maryland law, our stockholders may remove a director, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast in the election of directors.
We currently have a total of five members of the board of directors, three of whom are independent directors. Our charter provides that a majority of our board of directors must be independent directors except for a period of up to 60 days after the death, removal or resignation of an independent director pending the election of his or her successor.
Action by Stockholders
The Maryland General Corporation Law provides that stockholder action can be taken only at an annual or special meeting of stockholders or by unanimous consent in lieu of a meeting. These provisions, combined with
98
the requirements of our bylaws regarding the calling of a stockholder-requested special meeting of stockholders discussed below, may have the effect of delaying consideration of a stockholder proposal until the next annual meeting.
Advance Notice Provisions for Stockholder Nominations and Stockholder Proposals
Our bylaws provide that with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, nominations of persons for election to the board of directors and the proposal of business to be considered by stockholders may be made only (a) pursuant to our notice of the meeting, (b) by the board of directors or (c) by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has complied with the advance notice procedures of the bylaws. With respect to special meetings of stockholders, only the business specified in our notice of the meeting may be brought before the meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the board of directors at a special meeting may be made only (a) pursuant to our notice of the meeting, (b) by the board of directors or (c) provided that the board of directors has determined that directors will be elected at the meeting, by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has complied with the advance notice provisions of the bylaws.
The purpose of requiring stockholders to give us advance notice of nominations and other business is to afford our board of directors a meaningful opportunity to consider the qualifications of the proposed nominees and the advisability of any other proposed business and, to the extent deemed necessary or desirable by our board of directors, to inform stockholders and make recommendations about such qualifications or business, as well as to provide a more orderly procedure for conducting meetings of stockholders. Although our bylaws do not give our board of directors any power to disapprove stockholder nominations for the election of directors or proposals recommending certain action, they may have the effect of precluding a contest for the election of directors or the consideration of stockholder proposals if proper procedures are not followed and of discouraging or deterring a third party from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of directors or to approve its own proposal without regard to whether consideration of such nominees or proposals might be harmful or beneficial to us and our stockholders.
Calling of Special Meetings of Stockholders
Our bylaws provide that special meetings of stockholders may be called by our board of directors and certain of our officers. Additionally, our charter and bylaws provide that, subject to the satisfaction of certain procedural and informational requirements by the stockholders requesting the meeting, a special meeting of stockholders will be called by the secretary of the corporation upon the written request of stockholders entitled to cast 10% or more of the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting.
Approval of Extraordinary Corporate Action; Amendment of Charter and Bylaws
Under Maryland law, a Maryland corporation generally cannot dissolve, amend its charter, merge, sell all or substantially all of its assets, engage in a share exchange or engage in similar transactions outside the ordinary course of business, unless advised by the board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. However, a Maryland corporation may provide in its charter for approval of these matters by a lesser percentage, but not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Under our charter, provided that our directors then in office have approved and declared the action advisable and submitted such action to the stockholders, an amendment to our charter that requires stockholder approval, including a merger, or a sale of all or substantially all of our assets or a similar transaction outside the ordinary course of business, must be approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) amendments to our charter to make our common stock a redeemable security or to convert the company, whether by merger or otherwise, from a closed-end company to an open-end company, and (ii) the dissolution of the company each must be approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.
99
Our charter and bylaws provide that the board of directors will have the exclusive power to make, alter, amend or repeal any provision of our bylaws.
Our charter provides that approval by a majority of our stockholders is needed for the following actions:
| Amend the investment advisory and administrative services agreement; and |
| Removal of FB Advisor and election of a new investment adviser. |
Without the approval of a majority of our stockholders, FB Advisor may not:
| Amend the investment advisory and administrative services agreement except for amendments that would not adversely affect the interests of our stockholders; |
| Voluntarily withdraw as our investment adviser unless such withdrawal would not affect our tax status and would not materially adversely affect our stockholders; |
| Appoint a new investment adviser; |
| Sell all or substantially all of our assets other than in the ordinary course of business; and |
| Approve a merger or any other reorganization of FS Investment Corporation. |
No Appraisal Rights
In certain extraordinary transactions, the Maryland General Corporation Law provides the right to dissenting stockholders to demand and receive the fair value of their shares, subject to certain procedures and requirements set forth in the statute. Those rights are commonly referred to as appraisal rights. Except with respect to appraisal rights arising in connection with the Control Share Acquisition Act defined and discussed below, as permitted by the Maryland General Corporation Law, and similar rights in connection with a proposed roll-up transaction, our charter provides that stockholders will not be entitled to exercise appraisal rights. See Certain Relationships and Related Party TransactionsAppraisal and Compensation.
Control Share Acquisitions
The Maryland General Corporation Law provides that control shares of a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share acquisition have no voting rights except to the extent approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, which we refer to as the Control Share Acquisition Act. Shares owned by the acquirer, by officers or by directors who are employees of the corporation are excluded from shares entitled to vote on the matter. Control shares are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power:
| one-tenth or more but less than one-third; |
| one-third or more but less than a majority; or |
| a majority or more of all voting power. |
100
The requisite stockholder approval must be obtained each time an acquirer crosses one of the thresholds of voting power set forth above. Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A control share acquisition means the acquisition of control shares, subject to certain exceptions.
A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition may compel the board of directors of the corporation to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. The right to compel the calling of a special meeting is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including an undertaking to pay the expenses of the meeting. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders meeting.
If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then the corporation may repurchase for fair value any or all of the control shares, except those for which voting rights have previously been approved. The right of the corporation to repurchase control shares is subject to certain conditions and limitations, including, as provided in our bylaws, compliance with the 1940 Act. Fair value is determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquirer or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of the shares are considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquirer becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquirer in the control share acquisition.
The Control Share Acquisition Act does not apply (a) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (b) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation. Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the Control Share Acquisition Act any and all acquisitions by any person of our shares of stock. There can be no assurance that such provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future. However, we will amend our bylaws to be subject to the Control Share Acquisition Act only if the board of directors determines that it would be in our best interests and if the SEC staff does not object to our determination that our being subject to the Control Share Acquisition Act does not conflict with the 1940 Act.
Business Combinations
Under Maryland law, certain business combinations between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, which we refer to as the Business Combination Act. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. An interested stockholder is defined as:
| any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the corporations shares; or |
| an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding voting stock of the corporation. |
A person is not an interested stockholder under this statute if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which he otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. However, in approving a transaction, the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board.
101
After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between the Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors of the corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:
| 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation; and |
| two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder. |
These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if the corporations common stockholders receive a minimum price, as defined under Maryland law, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares.
The statute permits various exemptions from its provisions, including business combinations that are exempted by the board of directors before the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Our board of directors has adopted a resolution that any business combination between us and any other person is exempted from the provisions of the Business Combination Act, provided that the business combination is first approved by the board of directors, including a majority of the directors who are not interested persons as defined in the 1940 Act. This resolution, however, may be altered or repealed in whole or in part at any time. If this resolution is repealed, or the board of directors does not otherwise approve a business combination, the statute may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer.
Additional Provisions of Maryland Law
Maryland law provides that a Maryland corporation that is subject to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and has at least three outside directors can elect by resolution of the board of directors to be subject to some corporate governance provisions that may be inconsistent with the corporations charter and bylaws. Under the applicable statute, a board of directors may classify itself without the vote of stockholders. A board of directors classified in that manner cannot be altered by amendment to the charter of the corporation. Further, the board of directors may, by electing into applicable statutory provisions and notwithstanding the charter or bylaws:
| provide that a special meeting of stockholders will be called only at the request of stockholders, entitled to cast at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting; |
| reserve for itself the right to fix the number of directors; |
| provide that a director may be removed only by the vote of the holders of two-thirds of the stock entitled to vote; |
| retain for itself sole authority to fill vacancies created by the death, removal or resignation of a director and |
| provide that all vacancies on the board of directors may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors, in office, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum. |
In addition, if the board is classified, a director elected to fill a vacancy under this provision will serve for the balance of the unexpired term instead of until the next annual meeting of stockholders. A board of directors may implement all or any of these provisions without amending the charter or bylaws and without stockholder approval. A corporation may be prohibited by its charter or by resolution of its board of directors from electing any of the provisions of the statute. We are not prohibited from implementing any or all of the statute.
102
Pursuant to our charter, we have elected to be subject to a specific provision of the statute such that, at all times that we are eligible to make that election, all vacancies on the board of directors resulting from an increase in the size of the board or the death, resignation or removal of a director, may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum. That election by our board is subject to applicable requirements of the 1940 Act and subject to any provisions of a class or series of preferred stock established by the board, and provided that independent directors shall nominate replacements for any vacancies among the independent directors positions. While certain other of the provisions available for election under the statute are already contemplated by our charter and bylaws, the law would permit our board of directors to override further changes to the charter or bylaws.
Conflict with 1940 Act
Our bylaws provide that, if and to the extent that any provision of the Maryland General Corporation Law, including the Control Share Acquisition Act (if we amend our bylaws to be subject to such Act) and the Business Combination Act, or any provision of our charter or bylaws conflicts with any provision of the 1940 Act, the applicable provision of the 1940 Act will control.
Reports to Stockholders
Within 60 days after each fiscal quarter, we will distribute our quarterly report on Form 10-Q to all stockholders of record. In addition, we will distribute our annual report on Form 10-K to all stockholders within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year. These reports will also be available on our website at www.fsinvestmentcorp.com and on the SECs website at www.sec.gov. These reports should not be considered a part of or as incorporated by reference in the prospectus, or the registration statement of which the prospectus is a part.
Subject to availability, you may authorize us to provide prospectuses, prospectus supplements, annual reports and other information (documents) electronically by so indicating on your subscription agreement, or by sending us instructions in writing in a form acceptable to us to receive such documents electronically. Unless you elect in writing to receive documents electronically, all documents will be provided in paper form by mail. You must have internet access to use electronic delivery. While we impose no additional charge for this service, there may be potential costs associated with electronic delivery, such as on-line charges. Documents will be available on our website. You may access and print all documents provided through this service. As documents become available, we will notify you of this by sending you an e-mail message that will include instructions on how to retrieve the document. If our e-mail notification is returned to us as undeliverable, we will contact you to obtain your updated e-mail address. If we are unable to obtain a valid e-mail address for you, we will resume sending a paper copy by regular U.S. mail to your address of record. You may revoke your consent for electronic delivery at any time and we will resume sending you a paper copy of all required documents. However, in order for us to be properly notified, your revocation must be given to us a reasonable time before electronic delivery has commenced. We will provide you with paper copies at any time upon request. Such request will not constitute revocation of your consent to receive required documents electronically.
103
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following discussion is a general summary of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to us and to an investment in our shares. This summary does not purport to be a complete description of the income tax considerations applicable to such an investment. For example, we have not described tax consequences that may be relevant to certain types of holders subject to special treatment under U.S. federal income tax laws, including stockholders subject to the alternative minimum tax, tax-exempt organizations, insurance companies, dealers in securities, pension plans and trusts, and financial institutions. This summary assumes that investors hold our common stock as capital assets (within the meaning of the Code). The discussion is based upon the Code, Treasury regulations, and administrative and judicial interpretations, each as of the date of this prospectus and all of which are subject to change, possibly retroactively, which could affect the continuing validity of this discussion. We have not sought and will not seek any ruling from the Internal Revenue Service regarding this offering. This summary does not discuss any aspects of U.S. estate or gift tax or foreign, state or local tax. It does not discuss the special treatment under U.S. federal income tax laws that could result if we invested in tax-exempt securities or certain other investment assets.
A U.S. stockholder generally is a beneficial owner of shares of our common stock who is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
| A citizen or individual resident of the United States; |
| A corporation or other entity treated as a corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof; or |
| A trust or an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source. |
A Non-U.S. stockholder generally is a beneficial owner of shares of our common stock that is not a U.S. stockholder.
If a partnership (including an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds shares of our common stock, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A prospective stockholder that is a partner in a partnership holding shares of our common stock should consult his, her or its tax advisers with respect to the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares of our common stock.
Tax matters are very complicated and the tax consequences to an investor of an investment in our shares will depend on the facts of his, her or its particular situation. We encourage investors to consult their own tax advisers regarding the specific consequences of such an investment, including tax reporting requirements, the applicability of federal, state, local and foreign tax laws, eligibility for the benefits of any applicable tax treaty and the effect of any possible changes in the tax laws.
Election to be Taxed as a RIC
We intend to elect, effective as of the date of our formation, to be treated as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. As a RIC, we generally will not have to pay corporate-level federal income taxes on any income that we distribute to our stockholders from our tax earnings and profits. To qualify as a RIC, we must, among other things, meet certain source-of-income and asset diversification requirements (as described below). In addition, in order to obtain RIC tax treatment, we must distribute to our stockholders, for each taxable year, at least 90% of our investment company taxable income, which is generally our net ordinary income plus the excess, if any, of realized net short-term capital gains over realized net long-term capital losses (the Annual Distribution Requirement).
104
Taxation as a Regulated Investment Company
If we:
| qualify as a RIC; and |
| satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement, |
then we will not be subject to federal income tax on the portion of our income we distribute (or are deemed to distribute) to stockholders. We will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the regular corporate rates on any income or capital gains not distributed (or deemed distributed) to our stockholders.
We will be subject to a 4% nondeductible federal excise tax on certain undistributed income unless we distribute in a timely manner an amount at least equal to the sum of (1) 98% of our net ordinary income for each calendar year, (2) 98% of our capital gain net income for the one-year period ending October 31 in that calendar year and (3) any income recognized, but not distributed, in preceding years and on which we paid no federal income tax, or the Excise Tax Avoidance Requirement. We generally will endeavor in each taxable year to avoid any U.S. federal excise tax on our earnings.
In order to qualify as a RIC for federal income tax purposes, we must, among other things:
| continue to qualify as a business development company under the 1940 Act at all times during each taxable year; |
| derive in each taxable year at least 90% of our gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities, loans, gains from the sale of stock or other securities, net income from certain qualified publicly traded partnerships, or other income derived with respect to our business of investing in such stock or securities, or the 90% Income Test; and |
| diversify our holdings so that at the end of each quarter of the taxable year: |
| at least 50% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. Government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities if such other securities of any one issuer do not represent more than 5% of the value of our assets or more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer; and |
| no more than 25% of the value of our assets is invested in the securities, other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs, of one issuer, of two or more issuers that are controlled, as determined under applicable Code rules, by us and that are engaged in the same or similar or related trades or businesses or of certain qualified publicly traded partnerships, or the Diversification Tests. |
For federal income tax purposes, we may be required to recognize taxable income in circumstances in which we do not receive a corresponding payment in cash. For example, if we hold debt obligations that are treated under applicable tax rules as having original issue discount (such as debt instruments with PIK interest or, in certain cases, increasing interest rates or issued with warrants), we must include in income each year a portion of the original issue discount that accrues over the life of the obligation, regardless of whether cash representing such income is received by us in the same taxable year. We may also have to include in income other amounts that we have not yet received in cash, such as deferred loan origination fees that are paid after origination of the loan or are paid in non-cash compensation such as warrants or stock. We anticipate that a portion of our income may constitute original issue discount or other income required to be included in taxable income prior to receipt of cash.
Because any original issue discount or other amounts accrued will be included in our investment company taxable income for the year of the accrual, we may be required to make a distribution to our stockholders in order to satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement, even though we will not have received any corresponding
105
cash amount. As a result, we may have difficulty meeting the annual distribution requirement necessary to obtain and maintain RIC tax treatment under the Code. We may have to sell some of our investments at times and/or at prices we would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital or forgo new investment opportunities for this purpose. If we are not able to obtain cash from other sources, we may fail to qualify for RIC tax treatment and thus become subject to corporate-level income tax.
Although we do not presently expect to do so, we are authorized to borrow funds and to sell assets in order to satisfy distribution requirements. However, under the 1940 Act, we are not permitted to make distributions to our stockholders while our debt obligations and other senior securities are outstanding unless certain asset coverage tests are met. See RegulationQualifying Assets Senior Securities. Moreover, our ability to dispose of assets to meet our distribution requirements may be limited by (1) the illiquid nature of our portfolio and/or (2) other requirements relating to our status as a RIC, including the Diversification Tests. If we dispose of assets in order to meet the Annual Distribution Requirement or the Excise Tax Avoidance Requirement, we may make such dispositions at times that, from an investment standpoint, are not advantageous.
The remainder of this discussion assumes that we qualify as a RIC and have satisfied the Annual Distribution Requirement.
Taxation of U.S. Stockholders
Distributions by us generally are taxable to U.S. stockholders as ordinary income or capital gains. Distributions of our investment company taxable income (which is, generally, our net ordinary income plus realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses) will be taxable as ordinary income to U.S. stockholders to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional common stock. To the extent such distributions paid by us to non-corporate stockholders (including individuals) are attributable to dividends from U.S. corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations, such distributions, or Qualifying Dividends, may be eligible for a maximum tax rate of 15%. In this regard, it is anticipated that distributions paid by us will generally not be attributable to dividends and, therefore, generally will not qualify for the 15% maximum rate applicable to Qualifying Dividends. Distributions of our net capital gains (which is generally our realized net long-term capital gains in excess of realized net short-term capital losses) properly designated by us as capital gain dividends will be taxable to a U.S. stockholder as long-term capital gains that are currently taxable at a maximum rate of 15% in the case of individuals, trusts or estates, regardless of the U.S. stockholders holding period for his, her or its common stock and regardless of whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional common stock. Distributions in excess of our earnings and profits first will reduce a U.S. stockholders adjusted tax basis in such stockholders common stock and, after the adjusted basis is reduced to zero, will constitute capital gains to such U.S. stockholder.
For purposes of determining (1) whether the Annual Distribution Requirement is satisfied for any year and (2) the amount of dividends paid for that year, we may, under certain circumstances, elect to treat a dividend that is paid during the following taxable year as if it had been paid during the taxable year in question. If we make such an election, the U.S. stockholder will still be treated as receiving the dividend in the taxable year in which the distribution is made. However, any dividend declared by us in October, November or December of any calendar year, payable to stockholders of record on a specified date in such a month and actually paid during January of the following year, will be treated as if it had been received by our U.S. stockholders on December 31 of the year in which the dividend was declared.
If an investor purchases shares of our common stock shortly before the record date of a distribution, the price of the shares will include the value of the distribution and the investor will be subject to tax on the distribution even though economically it may represent a return of his, her or its investment.
A stockholder generally will recognize taxable gain or loss if the stockholder sells or otherwise disposes of his, her or its shares of our common stock. The amount of gain or loss will be measured by the difference
106
between such stockholders adjusted tax basis in the common stock sold and the amount of the proceeds received in exchange. Any gain arising from such sale or disposition generally will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the stockholder has held his, her or its shares for more than one year. Otherwise, it will be classified as short-term capital gain or loss. However, any capital loss arising from the sale or disposition of shares of our common stock held for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of the amount of capital gain dividends received, or undistributed capital gain deemed received, with respect to such shares. In addition, all or a portion of any loss recognized upon a disposition of shares of our common stock may be disallowed if other shares of our common stock are purchased (whether through reinvestment of distributions or otherwise) within 30 days before or after the disposition.
In general, individual U.S. stockholders currently are subject to a maximum federal income tax rate of 15% on their net capital gain (i.e., the excess of realized net long-term capital gains over realized net short-term capital losses), including any long-term capital gain derived from an investment in our shares. Such rate is lower than the maximum rate on ordinary income currently payable by individuals. Corporate U.S. stockholders currently are subject to federal income tax on net capital gain at the maximum 35% rate also applied to ordinary income. Non-corporate stockholders with net capital losses for a year (i.e., capital losses in excess of capital gains) generally may deduct up to $3,000 of such losses against their ordinary income each year; any net capital losses of a non-corporate stockholder in excess of $3,000 generally may be carried forward and used in subsequent years as provided in the Code. Corporate stockholders generally may not deduct any net capital losses for a year, but may carry back such losses for three years or carry forward such losses for five years.
We will send to each of our U.S. stockholders, as promptly as possible after the end of each calendar year, a notice detailing, on a per share and per distribution basis, the amounts includible in such U.S. stockholders taxable income for such year as ordinary income and as long-term capital gain. In addition, the federal tax status of each years distributions generally will be reported to the Internal Revenue Service (including the amount of dividends, if any, eligible for the 15% maximum rate). Dividends paid by us generally will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction or the preferential tax rate applicable to Qualifying Dividends because our income generally will not consist of dividends. Distributions may also be subject to additional state, local and foreign taxes depending on a U.S. stockholders particular situation.
We may be required to withhold federal income tax, or backup withholding, currently at a rate of 28%, from all taxable distributions to any non-corporate U.S. stockholder (1) who fails to furnish us with a correct taxpayer identification number or a certificate that such stockholder is exempt from backup withholding or (2) with respect to whom the IRS notifies us that such stockholder has failed to properly report certain interest and dividend income to the IRS and to respond to notices to that effect. An individuals taxpayer identification number is his or her social security number. Any amount withheld under backup withholding is allowed as a credit against the U.S. stockholders federal income tax liability, provided that proper information is provided to the IRS.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders
Whether an investment in the shares is appropriate for a Non-U.S. stockholder will depend upon that persons particular circumstances. An investment in the shares by a Non-U.S. stockholder may have adverse tax consequences. Non-U.S. stockholders should consult their tax advisers before investing in our common stock.
Distributions of our investment company taxable income to Non-U.S. stockholders (including interest income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized long-term capital losses, which generally would be free of withholding if paid to Non-U.S. stockholders directly) will be subject to withholding of federal tax at a 30% rate (or lower rate provided by an applicable treaty) to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits unless an applicable exception applies. If the distributions are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the Non-U.S. stockholder, and, if an income tax treaty applies, attributable to a permanent establishment in the United States, we will not be required to withhold federal tax if the Non-U.S.
107
stockholder complies with applicable certification and disclosure requirements, although the distributions will be subject to federal income tax at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. (Special certification requirements apply to a Non-U.S. stockholder that is a foreign partnership or a foreign trust, and such entities are urged to consult their own tax advisers.)
Actual or deemed distributions of our net capital gains to a Non-U.S. stockholder, and gains realized by a Non-U.S. stockholder upon the sale of our common stock, will not be subject to federal withholding tax and generally will not be subject to federal income tax unless the distributions or gains, as the case may be, are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the Non-U.S. stockholder and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the Non-U.S. stockholder in the United States.
If we distribute our net capital gains in the form of deemed rather than actual distributions, a Non-U.S. stockholder will be entitled to a federal income tax credit or tax refund equal to the stockholders allocable share of the tax we pay on the capital gains deemed to have been distributed. In order to obtain the refund, the Non-U.S. stockholder must obtain a U.S. taxpayer identification number and file a federal income tax return even if the Non-U.S. stockholder would not otherwise be required to obtain a U.S. taxpayer identification number or file a federal income tax return. For a corporate Non-U.S. stockholder, distributions (both actual and deemed), and gains realized upon the sale of our common stock that are effectively connected to a U.S. trade or business may, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional branch profits tax at a 30% rate (or at a lower rate if provided for by an applicable treaty). Accordingly, investment in the shares may not be appropriate for a Non-U.S. stockholder.
A Non-U.S. stockholder who is a non-resident alien individual, and who is otherwise subject to withholding of federal tax, may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding of federal income tax on dividends unless the Non-U.S. stockholder provides us or the dividend paying agent with an IRS Form W-8BEN (or an acceptable substitute form) or otherwise meets documentary evidence requirements for establishing that it is a Non-U.S. stockholder or otherwise establishes an exemption from backup withholding.
Non-U.S. persons should consult their own tax advisers with respect to the U.S. federal income tax and withholding tax, and state, local and foreign tax consequences of an investment in the shares.
Failure to Qualify as a RIC
If we were unable to qualify for treatment as a RIC, we would be subject to tax on all of our taxable income at regular corporate rates, regardless of whether we make any distributions to our stockholders. Distributions would not be required, and any distributions would be taxable to our stockholders as ordinary dividend income eligible for the 15% maximum rate to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits. Subject to certain limitations under the Code, corporate distributees would be eligible for the dividends-received deduction. Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits would be treated first as a return of capital to the extent of the stockholders tax basis, and any remaining distributions would be treated as a capital gain.
108
Prior to the completion of this offering, we will elect to be regulated as a business development company under the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act contains prohibitions and restrictions relating to transactions between business development companies and their affiliates, principal underwriters and affiliates of those affiliates or underwriters. The 1940 Act requires that a majority of the directors be persons other than interested persons, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act. In addition, the 1940 Act provides that we may not change the nature of our business so as to cease to be, or to withdraw our election as, a business development company unless approved by a majority of our outstanding voting securities.
The 1940 Act defines a majority of the outstanding voting securities as the lesser of (i) 67% or more of the voting securities present at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy or (ii) 50% of our voting securities.
We will generally not be able to issue and sell our common stock at a price below net asset value per share. See Risk FactorsRisks Related to Business Development Companies Regulations governing our operation as a business development company affect our ability to, and the way in which we raise additional capital, which may expose us to risks, including the typical risks associated with leverage. We may, however, sell our common stock, or warrants, options or rights to acquire our common stock, at a price below the then-current net asset value of our common stock if our board of directors determines that such sale is in our best interests and the best interests of our stockholders, and our stockholders approve such sale. In addition, we may generally issue new shares of our common stock at a price below net asset value in rights offerings to existing stockholders, in payment of dividends and in certain other limited circumstances.
As a business development company, we will not generally be permitted to invest in any portfolio company in which FB Advisor or any of its affiliates currently have an investment or to make any co-investments with FB Advisor or any of their affiliates without an exemptive order from the SEC. We currently do not intend to apply for an exemptive order that would permit us to co-invest with vehicles managed by FB Advisor or its affiliates.
Qualifying Assets
Under the 1940 Act, a business development company may not acquire any asset other than assets of the type listed in Section 55(a) of the 1940 Act, which are referred to as qualifying assets, unless, at the time the acquisition is made, qualifying assets represent at least 70% of the companys total assets. The principal categories of qualifying assets relevant to our business are any of the following:
1. | Securities purchased in transactions not involving any public offering from the issuer of such securities, which issuer (subject to certain limited exceptions) is an eligible portfolio company, or from any person who is, or has been during the preceding 13 months, an affiliated person of an eligible portfolio company, or from any other person, subject to such rules as may be prescribed by the SEC. An eligible portfolio company is defined in the 1940 Act as any issuer which: |
a. | is organized under the laws of, and has its principal place of business in, the United States; |
b. | is not an investment company (other than a small business investment company wholly owned by the business development company) or a company that would be an investment company but for certain exclusions under the 1940 Act; and |
c. | satisfies any of the following: |
i. | does not have any class of securities that is traded on a national securities exchange; |
ii. | has a class of securities listed on a national securities exchange, but has an aggregate market value of outstanding voting and non-voting common equity of less than $250 million; |
109
iii. | is controlled by a business development company or a group of companies including a business development company and the business development company has an affiliated person who is a director of the eligible portfolio company; or |
iv. | is a small and solvent company having total assets of not more than $4.0 million and capital and surplus of not less than $2.0 million. |
2. | Securities of any eligible portfolio company that we control. |
3. | Securities purchased in a private transaction from a U.S. issuer that is not an investment company or from an affiliated person of the issuer, or in transactions incident thereto, if the issuer is in bankruptcy and subject to reorganization or if the issuer, immediately prior to the purchase of its securities was unable to meet its obligations as they came due without material assistance other than conventional lending or financing arrangements. |
4. | Securities of an eligible portfolio company purchased from any person in a private transaction if there is no ready market for such securities and we already own 60% of the outstanding equity of the eligible portfolio company. |
5. | Securities received in exchange for or distributed on or with respect to securities described in (1) through (4) above, or pursuant to the exercise of warrants or rights relating to such securities. |
6. | Cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities or high-quality debt securities maturing in one year or less from the time of investment. |
In addition, a business development company must have been organized and have its principal place of business in the United States and must be operated for the purpose of making investments in the types of securities described in (1), (2) or (3) above.
Managerial Assistance to Portfolio Companies
In order to count portfolio securities as qualifying assets for the purpose of the 70% test, we must either control the issuer of the securities or must offer to make available to the issuer of the securities (other than small and solvent companies described above) significant managerial assistance; except that, where we purchase such securities in conjunction with one or more other persons acting together, one of the other persons in the group may make available such managerial assistance. Making available managerial assistance means, among other things, any arrangement whereby the business development company, through its directors, officers or employees, offers to provide, and, if accepted, does so provide, significant guidance and counsel concerning the management, operations or business objectives and policies of a portfolio company.
Temporary Investments
Pending investment in other types of qualifying assets, as described above, our investments may consist of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities or high-quality debt securities maturing in one year or less from the time of investment, which we refer to, collectively, as temporary investments, so that 70% of our assets are qualifying assets. Typically, we will invest in U.S. Treasury bills or in repurchase agreements, provided that such agreements are fully collateralized by cash or securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies. A repurchase agreement involves the purchase by an investor, such as us, of a specified security and the simultaneous agreement by the seller to repurchase it at an agreed-upon future date and at a price that is greater than the purchase price by an amount that reflects an agreed-upon interest rate. There is no percentage restriction on the proportion of our assets that may be invested in such repurchase agreements. However, if more than 25% of our total assets constitute repurchase agreements from a single counterparty, we would not meet the Diversification Tests in order to qualify as a RIC for federal income tax purposes. Thus, we do not intend to enter into repurchase agreements with a single counterparty in excess of this limit. FB Advisor will monitor the creditworthiness of the counterparties with which we enter into repurchase agreement transactions.
110
Senior Securities
We are permitted, under specified conditions, to issue multiple classes of debt and one class of stock senior to our common stock if our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, is at least equal to 200% immediately after each such issuance. In addition, while any senior securities remain outstanding, we must make provisions to prohibit any distribution to our stockholders or the repurchase of such securities or shares unless we meet the applicable asset coverage ratios at the time of the distribution or repurchase. We may also borrow amounts up to 5% of the value of our total assets for temporary or emergency purposes without regard to asset coverage. For a discussion of the risks associated with leverage, See Risk FactorsRisks Related to Our Business and StructureRegulations governing our operation as to Business Development Companies.
Code of Ethics
Upon commencement of this offering, we will have adopted a code of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act that establishes procedures for personal investments and restricts certain personal securities transactions. Personnel subject to the code may invest in securities for their personal investment accounts, including securities that may be purchased or held by us, so long as such investments are made in accordance with the codes requirements. We will attach our code of ethics as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. You may also read and copy the code of ethics at the SECs Public Reference Room located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, the code of ethics is available on the EDGAR Database on the SECs Internet site at http://www.sec.gov.
Compliance Policies and Procedures
We and FB Advisor have adopted and implemented written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent violation of the federal securities laws and are required to review these compliance policies and procedures annually for their adequacy and the effectiveness of their implementation. Our Chief Compliance Officer is responsible for administering these policies and procedures.
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
We have delegated our proxy voting responsibility to FB Advisor. The proxy voting policies and procedures of FB Advisor are set forth below. (The guidelines are reviewed periodically by FB Advisor and our non-interested directors, and, accordingly, are subject to change).
Introduction
As an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act, FB Advisor has a fiduciary duty to act solely in the best interests of its clients. As part of this duty, it recognizes that it must vote client securities in a timely manner free of conflicts of interest and in the best interests of its clients.
These policies and procedures for voting proxies for the investment advisory clients of FB Advisor are intended to comply with Section 206 of, and Rule 206(4)-6 under, the Advisers Act.
Proxy Policies
FB Advisor will vote proxies relating to our securities in the best interest of its clients stockholders. It will review on a case-by-case basis each proposal submitted for a stockholder vote to determine its impact on the portfolio securities held by its clients. Although FB Advisor will generally vote against proposals that may have a negative impact on its clients portfolio securities, it may vote for such a proposal if there exists compelling long-term reasons to do so.
111
The proxy voting decisions of FB Advisor are made by the senior officers who are responsible for monitoring each of its clients investments. To ensure that its vote is not the product of a conflict of interest, it will require that: (a) anyone involved in the decision-making process disclose to its chief compliance officer any potential conflict that he or she is aware of and any contact that he or she has had with any interested party regarding a proxy vote; and (b) employees involved in the decision making process or vote administration are prohibited from revealing how FB Advisor intends to vote on a proposal in order to reduce any attempted influence from interested parties.
Proxy Voting Records
You may obtain information, without charge, regarding how we voted proxies with respect to our portfolio securities by making a written request for proxy voting information to: Chief Compliance Officer, Cira Centre, 2929 Arch Street, Suite 675, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-2867.
Other
We will be periodically examined by the SEC for compliance with the 1940 Act.
We are required to provide and maintain a bond issued by a reputable fidelity insurance company to protect us against larceny and embezzlement. Furthermore, as a business development company, we are prohibited from protecting any director or officer against any liability to us or our stockholders arising from willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such persons office.
Securities Exchange Act and Sarbanes-Oxley Act Compliance
Upon the closing of this offering, we will be subject to the reporting and disclosure requirements of the Exchange Act, including the filing of quarterly, annual and current reports, proxy statements and other required items. In addition, upon the closing, we will be subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which imposes a wide variety of regulatory requirements on publicly-held companies and their insiders. Many of these requirements will affect us. For example:
| pursuant to Rule 13a-14 of the Exchange Act, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer will be required to certify the accuracy of the financial statements contained in our periodic reports; |
| pursuant to Item 307 of Regulation S-K, our periodic reports will be required to disclose our conclusions about the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures; and |
| pursuant to Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act, beginning for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2008, our management will be required to prepare a report regarding its assessment of our internal control over financial reporting. For the year ended December 31, 2009, this report must be audited by our independent registered public accounting firm. |
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires us to review our current policies and procedures to determine whether we comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder. We intend to monitor our compliance with all regulations that are adopted under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and will take actions necessary to ensure that we are in compliance therewith.
112
General
This is a continuous offering of our shares as permitted by the federal securities laws. We intend to file post-effective amendments to this registration statement, which are subject to SEC review, to allow us to continue this offering for at least two years. The dealer manager is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of shares but will use its best efforts to sell the shares offered. The minimum permitted purchase is $5,000 in shares of our common stock. We will not sell any shares unless we raise gross offering proceeds of $2.5 million from persons who are not affiliated with us or FB Advisor by one year from the date of this prospectus. After we have satisfied the minimum offering requirement, additional purchases must be in increments of $500, except for purchases made pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. Pending meeting the minimum offering requirement, all subscription payments will be placed in an account held by the escrow agent, UMB Bank, N.A., in trust for our subscribers benefit, pending release to us. If we do not raise gross offering proceeds of $2.5 million by one year from the date of this prospectus, we will promptly return all funds in the escrow account (including interest), and we will stop offering shares. We will not deduct any fees or expenses if we return funds from the escrow account. Upon raising $2.5 million and meeting the minimum offering requirement, the funds will be released from escrow to us within approximately 30 days and investors with subscription funds held in the escrow will be admitted as stockholders as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 15 days after such release. The dealer manager will notify the network of selected broker-dealers once the minimum offering requirement has been attained. The selected broker-dealers will, in turn, notify the registered representatives who obtain subscription documents from investors.
Subsequent to meeting the minimum offering requirement, we will then sell our shares on a continuous basis at monthly closings at a price of $10.00 per share; however, to the extent that our net asset value increases, we will sell at a price necessary to ensure that shares are not sold at a price that is below net asset value. Although we will offer shares of our common stock on a continuous basis, we expect to accept subscriptions at monthly closings in which we admit new stockholders. We expect that our monthly closing dates for sales of shares will occur one business day after the dates upon which we make distribution payments to our stockholders if a distribution is due to be paid in such month. Shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan will be issued on the same date that we hold our monthly closing, one business day following the date a distribution is payable. In addition, in months in which we repurchase shares, we expect to conduct repurchases on the same date that we hold our monthly closings for the sale of shares in this offering.
To purchase shares in this offering, you must complete and sign a subscription agreement (in the form attached to this prospectus as Appendix A) for a specific dollar amount equal to or greater then $5,000 and pay such amount at the time of subscription. You should make your check payable to UMB Bank, N.A., as agent for FS Investment Corporation. Subscriptions will be effective only upon our acceptance, and we reserve the right to reject any subscription in whole or in part. Pending acceptance of your shares, proceeds will be deposited into an interest-bearing account. Any interest accrued between the time subscription proceeds are received and the time shares are accepted will be used to purchase additional shares or fractions thereof. See How to Subscribe.
The dealer manager is a recently formed company with no prior operating history. The dealer manager registered as a broker-dealer with the SEC and FINRA in December 2007, and this offering will be the first offering conducted by the dealer manager. The principal business of the dealer manager will be to sell the shares registered in this offering. For additional information about the dealer manager, including information related to its affiliation with us and our adviser, see Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.
About the Dealer Manager
The dealer manager is FS2 Capital Partners, LLC. The dealer manager is a recently formed company with no prior operating history that registered as a broker-dealer with the SEC and the Financial Industry Regulatory
113
Authority, or FINRA, in December 2007. The dealer manager is an affiliate of FB Advisor. The dealer manager will receive compensation for services relating to this offering and will provide certain sales, promotional and marketing services to us in connection with the distribution of the shares of common stock offered pursuant to this prospectus. Other than serving as dealer manager for this offering, the dealer manager has no experience acting as a dealer manager for an offering.
Biographical information regarding Scott E. Larson, the president of the dealer manager, is set forth below.
Scott E. Larson, CFP® serves as president of FS2 Capital Partners, leading the sales and distribution efforts for this offering, and also as president of Franklin Square Holdings, LP. Mr. Larson also serves as the registered principal of FS2 Capital Partners. Prior to joining FS2 Capital Partners, Mr. Larson served as senior vice president, national sales manager of CNL Securities Corp. from 2003 to 2007 where he was responsible for the day-to-day sales activities of the broker-dealer, including sales planning and execution, budgeting, platform design and management, sales technology development and implementation, compliance, continuing education, marketing and human resources. Mr. Larson began his career with IDS/American Express, where he spent nine years. Mr. Larson is a Cum Laude graduate of Augsburg College in Minneapolis, with a B.A. in Business Administration and Marketing, and is a Certified Financial Planner certificant.
Compensation of Dealer Manager and Selected Broker-Dealers
Except as provided below, the dealer manager will receive selling commissions of 7.0% of the gross proceeds of shares sold in the offering. The dealer manager will also receive a dealer manager fee of 3.0% of the gross offering proceeds as compensation for acting as the dealer manager.
We expect the dealer manager to authorize other broker-dealers that are members of FINRA, which we refer to as selected broker-dealers, to sell our shares. The dealer manager may reallow all of its selling commissions attributable to a selected broker-dealer.
The dealer manager, in its sole discretion, may reallow to any selected broker-dealer a portion of its dealer manager fee for reimbursement of marketing expenses. The amount of the reallowance will be based on such factors as the number of shares sold by the selected broker-dealer, the assistance of the broker-dealer in marketing the offering and due diligence expenses incurred.
We will not pay selling commissions or dealer manager fees on shares sold under our distribution reinvestment plan. The amount that would have been paid as selling commissions and dealer-manager fees if the shares sold under our distribution reinvestment plan had been sold pursuant to this public offering of shares will be retained and used by us. Therefore, the net proceeds to us for sales under our distribution reinvestment plan will be greater than the net proceeds to us for sales pursuant to this prospectus.
Under the rules of FINRA, the maximum compensation payable to members of FINRA participating in this offering may not exceed 10% of our gross offering proceeds, plus a maximum of 0.5% for reimbursement of due diligence expenses.
We have agreed to indemnify the participating broker-dealers, including the dealer manager, against certain liabilities arising under the Securities Act and liabilities arising from breaches of our representations and warranties contained in the dealer manager agreement. The broker-dealers participating in the offering of shares of our common stock are not obligated to obtain any subscriptions on our behalf, and we cannot assure you that any shares of common stock will be sold. Our executive officers and directors and their immediate family members, as well as officers and employees of FB Advisor and its affiliates and their immediate family members and other individuals designated by management, and, if approved by our board of directors, joint venture partners, consultants and other service providers, may purchase shares of our common stock in this offering and may be charged a reduced rate for certain fees and expenses in respect of such purchases. We expect that a limited number of shares of our common stock will be sold to such persons. However, except for certain share ownership and transfer restrictions contained in our charter, there is no limit on the number of shares of our
114
common stock that may be sold to such persons. In addition, the selling commission and the dealer manager fee may be reduced or waived in connection with certain categories of sales, such as sales for which a volume discount applies, sales to certain institutional investors, sales through investment advisers or banks acting as trustees or fiduciaries and sales to our affiliates. The amount of net proceeds to us will not be affected by reducing or eliminating the selling commissions or the dealer manager fee payable in connection with sales to such institutional investors and affiliates. FB Advisor and its affiliates will be expected to hold their shares of our common stock purchased as stockholders for investment and not with a view towards distribution. Shares of our common stock purchased by our executive officers and directors, FB Advisor and by officers, employees or other affiliates of FB Advisor shall not count toward the minimum offering requirement.
To the extent permitted by law and our charter, we will indemnify the selected broker-dealers and the dealer manager against some civil liabilities, including certain liabilities under the Securities Act and liabilities arising from breaches of our representations and warranties contained in the dealer manager agreement.
We are offering volume discounts to investors who purchase more than $500,000 worth of our shares through the same selected broker-dealer in our offering. The net proceeds to us from a sale eligible for a volume discount will be the same, but the selling commissions payable to the selected broker-dealer will be reduced. The following table shows the discounted price per share and the reduced selling commissions payable for volume sales of our shares.
Dollar Amount of Shares Purchased |
Purchase Price per Incremental Unit in Volume Discount Range(1) |
|||||
Reduced Commission Rate | ||||||
1 $ 500,000 |
$ | 10.00 | 7.0 | % | ||
$ 500,000 $ 750,000 |
$ | 9.90 | 6.0 | % | ||
$ 750,000 $1,000,000 |
$ | 9.80 | 5.0 | % | ||
$1,000,000 $2,500,000 |
$ | 9.70 | 4.0 | % | ||
$2,500,000 $5,000,000 |
$ | 9.60 | 3.0 | % | ||
$5,000,000 and up |
$ | 9.50 | 2.0 | % |
(1) | Assumes a $10.00 per share offering price. Discounts will be adjusted appropriately for changes in the offering price. |
We will apply the reduced selling price per share and selling commissions to the incremental shares within the indicated range only. Thus, for example, assuming a price per share of $10.00, a purchase of $1,250,000 would result in a weighted average purchase price of $9.88 per share as shown below:
| $500,000 at $10.00 per share (total: 50,000 shares) and a 7.0% commission; |
| $250,000 at $9.90 per share (total: 25,252.525 shares) and a 6.0% commission; |
| $250,000 at $9.80 per share (total: 25,510.204 shares) and a 5.0% commission; and |
| $250,000 at $9.70 per share (total: 25,773.196 shares) and a 4.0% commission. |
To qualify for a volume discount as a result of multiple purchases of our shares you must use the same selected broker-dealer and you must mark the Additional Investment space on the subscription agreement. We are not responsible for failing to combine purchases if you fail to mark the Additional Investment space. Once you qualify for a volume discount, you will be eligible to receive the benefit of such discount for subsequent purchases of shares in our offering through the same selected broker-dealer.
To the extent purchased through the same selected broker-dealer, the following persons may combine their purchases as a single purchaser for the purpose of qualifying for a volume discount:
| an individual, his or her spouse, their children under the age of 21 and all pension or trust funds established by each such individual; |
| a corporation, partnership, association, joint-stock company, trust fund or any organized group of persons, whether incorporated or not; |
115
| an employees trust, pension, profit-sharing or other employee benefit plan qualified under Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code; and |
| all commingled trust funds maintained by a given bank. |
In the event a person wishes to have his or her order combined with others as a single purchaser, that person must request such treatment in writing at the time of subscription setting forth the basis for the discount and identifying the orders to be combined. Any request will be subject to our verification that the orders to be combined are made by a single purchaser. If the subscription agreements for the combined orders of a single purchaser are submitted at the same time, then the commissions payable and discounted share price will be allocated pro rata among the combined orders on the basis of the respective amounts being combined. Otherwise, the volume discount provisions will apply only to the order that qualifies the single purchaser for the volume discount and the subsequent orders of that single purchaser.
Only shares purchased in our offering pursuant to this prospectus are eligible for volume discounts. Shares purchased through our distribution reinvestment plan will not be eligible for a volume discount nor will such shares count toward the threshold limits listed above that qualify you for the different discount levels.
Supplemental Sales Material
In addition to this prospectus, we intend to use supplemental sales material in connection with the offering of our shares, although only when accompanied by or preceded by the delivery of the prospectus, as supplemented. We will submit all supplemental sales material to the SEC for review prior to distributing such material. The supplemental sales material does not contain all of the information material to an investment decision and should only be reviewed after reading the prospectus. The sales material expected to be used in permitted jurisdictions includes:
| investor sales promotion brochures; |
| cover letters transmitting the prospectus; |
| brochures containing a summary description of the offering; |
| fact sheets describing the general nature of FS Investment Corporation and our investment objectives; |
| asset flyers describing our recent investments; |
| broker updates; |
| online investor presentations; |
| third-party article reprints; |
| website material; |
| electronic media presentations; and |
| client seminars and seminar advertisements and invitations. |
All of the foregoing material will be prepared by FB Advisor or its affiliates with the exception of the third-party article reprints, if any. In certain jurisdictions, some or all of such sales material may not be available. In addition, the sales material may contain certain quotes from various publications without obtaining the consent of the author or the publication for use of the quoted material in the sales material.
We are offering shares in this offering only by means of this prospectus. Although the information contained in our supplemental sales materials will not conflict with any of the information contained in the prospectus, as supplemented, the supplemental materials do not purport to be complete and should not be considered a part of or as incorporated by reference in the prospectus, or the registration statement of which the prospectus is a part.
116
The following are our suitability standards for investors which are required by the Omnibus Guidelines published by the North American Securities Administrators Association in connection with our continuous offering of common shares under this registration statement.
Pursuant to applicable state securities laws, shares of common stock offered through this prospectus are suitable only as a long-term investment for persons of adequate financial means who have no need for liquidity in this investment. Initially, there is not expected to be any public market for the shares, which means that it may be difficult to sell shares. As a result, we have established suitability standards which require investors to have either (i) a net worth (not including home, furnishings, and personal automobiles) of at least $70,000 and an annual gross income of at least $70,000, or (ii) a net worth (not including home, furnishings, and personal automobiles) of at least $250,000. Our suitability standards also require that a potential investor (1) can reasonably benefit from an investment in us based on such investors overall investment objectives and portfolio structuring; (2) is able to bear the economic risk of the investment based on the prospective stockholders overall financial situation; and (3) has apparent understanding of (a) the fundamental risks of the investment, (b) the risk that such investor may lose his or her entire investment, (c) the lack of liquidity of the shares, (d) the background and qualifications of FB Advisor and GDFM, and (e) the tax consequences of the investment.
In addition, we will not sell shares to investors in the states named below unless they meet special suitability standards.
AlabamaInvestors must have a net worth of at least 10 times their investment in us.
ArizonaThe term of this offering shall be effective for a period of one year with the ability to renew for additional periods of one year.
KansasThe Office of the Kansas Securities Commissioner recommends that you should limit your aggregate investment in our shares and other similar investments to not more than 10% of your liquid net worth. Liquid net worth is that portion of your total net worth (assets minus liabilities) that is comprised of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities.
KentuckyInvestors who reside in the state of Kentucky must have either (i) a liquid net worth of $85,000 and annual gross income of $85,000 or (ii) a liquid net worth of $300,000. Additionally, a Kentucky investors total investment in us shall not exceed 10% of his or her liquid net worth.
OhioIn addition to the suitability standards above, the state of Ohio requires that each Ohio investor will limit his or her investment in our common stock to a maximum of 10% of his or her net worth.
The minimum purchase amount is $5,000 in shares of our common stock. To satisfy the minimum purchase requirements for retirement plans, unless otherwise prohibited by state law, a husband and wife may jointly contribute funds from their separate individual retirement accounts, or IRAs, provided that each such contribution is made in increments of $500. You should note that an investment in shares of our common stock will not, in itself, create a retirement plan and that, in order to create a retirement plan, you must comply with all applicable provisions of the Code.
If you have satisfied the applicable minimum purchase requirement, any additional purchase must be in amounts of at least $500. The investment minimum for subsequent purchases does not apply to shares purchased pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan.
In the case of sales to fiduciary accounts, these suitability standards must be met by the person who directly or indirectly supplied the funds for the purchase of the shares of our stock or by the beneficiary of the account. These suitability standards are intended to help ensure that, given the long-term nature of an investment in shares of our stock, our investment objectives and the relative illiquidity of our stock, shares of our stock are an appropriate investment for those of you who become stockholders. Those selling shares on our behalf must make
117
every reasonable effort to determine that the purchase of shares of our stock is a suitable and appropriate investment for each stockholder based on information provided by the stockholder in the subscription agreement. Each selected broker-dealer is required to maintain for six years records of the information used to determine that an investment in shares of our stock is suitable and appropriate for a stockholder.
In purchasing shares, custodians or trustees of employee pension benefit plans or IRAs may be subject to the fiduciary duties imposed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, or ERISA, or other applicable laws and to the prohibited transaction rules prescribed by ERISA and related provisions of the Code. In addition, prior to purchasing shares, the trustee or custodian of an employee pension benefit plan or an IRA should determine that such an investment would be permissible under the governing instruments of such plan or account and applicable law.
We intend to seek to complete a liquidity event for our stockholders between five and seven years following the completion of our offering stage. However, we may determine to complete a liquidity event sooner than between five and seven years following the completion of our offering stage. We will view our offering stage as complete as of the termination date of our most recent public equity offering, if we have not conducted a public offering in any continuous two-year period. We may determine not to pursue a liquidity event if we believe that then-current market conditions are not favorable for a liquidity event, and that such conditions will improve in the future. A liquidity event could include (1) the sale of all or substantially all of our assets either on a complete portfolio basis or individually followed by a liquidation, (2) a listing of our shares on a national securities exchange, or (3) a merger or another transaction approved by our board of directors in which our stockholders will receive cash or shares of a publicly traded company. We refer to the above scenarios as liquidity events. While our intention is to seek to complete a liquidity event between five and seven years following the completion of our offering stage, there can be no assurance that a suitable transaction will be available or that market conditions for a liquidity event will be favorable during that timeframe. In making a determination of what type of liquidity event is in the best interest of our stockholders, our board of directors, including our independent directors, may consider a variety of criteria, including, but not limited to, portfolio diversification, portfolio performance, our financial condition, potential access to capital as a listed company, market conditions for the sale of our assets or listing of our securities, internal management considerations and the potential for stockholder liquidity. If we determine to pursue a listing of our securities on a national securities exchange in the future, at that time we may consider either an internal or an external management structure.
Prior to the completion of a liquidity event, our share repurchase program may provide a limited opportunity for you to have your shares of common stock repurchased, subject to certain restrictions and limitations, at a price which may reflect a discount from the purchase price you paid for the shares being repurchased. See Share Repurchase Program for a detailed description of our share repurchase program.
118
We do not currently intend to list our securities on any securities exchange and do not expect a public market for them to develop in the foreseeable future. Therefore, stockholders should not expect to be able to sell their shares promptly or at a desired price. No stockholder will have the right to require us to repurchase his or her shares or any portion thereof. Because no public market will exist for our shares, and none is expected to develop, stockholders will not be able to liquidate their investment prior to our liquidation or other liquidity event, other than through our share repurchase program, or, in limited circumstances, as a result of transfers of shares to other eligible investors.
Beginning 12 months after we meet the minimum offering requirement, and on a quarterly basis thereafter, we intend to offer to repurchase shares on such terms as may be determined by our board of directors in its complete and absolute discretion unless, in the judgment of the independent directors of our board of directors, such repurchases would not be in the best interests of our stockholders or would violate applicable law. Under the Maryland General Corporation Law, a Maryland corporation may not make a distribution to stockholders, including pursuant to our repurchase program, if, after giving effect to the distribution, (i) the corporation would not be able to pay its indebtedness in the ordinary course or (ii) the corporations total assets would be less than its total liabilities plus preferential amounts payable on dissolution with respect to preferred stock. We anticipate conducting such repurchase offers in accordance with the requirements of Rule 13e-4 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the 1940 Act. In months in which we repurchase shares, we expect to conduct repurchases on the same date that we hold our monthly closings for the sale of shares in this offering.
The board also will consider the following factors, among others, in making its determination regarding whether to cause us to offer to repurchase shares and under what terms:
| the effect of such repurchases on our qualification as a RIC (including the consequences of any necessary asset sales); |
| the liquidity of our assets (including fees and costs associated with disposing of assets); |
| our investment plans and working capital requirements; |
| the relative economies of scale with respect to our size; |
| our history in repurchasing shares or portions thereof; and |
| the condition of the securities markets. |
We currently intend to limit the number of shares to be repurchased during any calendar year to the number of shares we can repurchase with the proceeds we receive from the sale of shares of our common stock under our distribution reinvestment plan. At the discretion of our board of directors, we may also use cash on hand, cash available from borrowings and cash from liquidation of securities investments as of the end of the applicable period to repurchase shares. In addition, we do not expect to repurchase shares in any calendar year in excess of 10% of the weighted average number of shares outstanding in the prior calendar year, or 2.5% in each quarter. We further anticipate that we will offer to repurchase such shares on each date of repurchase at a price equal to 90% of the current offering price on each date of repurchase.
If you wish to tender your shares to be repurchased you must either tender at least 25% of the shares you purchased in the offering or all of the shares that you own. If you choose to tender only a portion of your shares, you must maintain a minimum balance of $5,000 worth of shares of common stock following a tender of shares for repurchase. If the amount of repurchase requests exceeds the number of shares we seek to repurchase, we will repurchase shares on a pro-rata basis. As a result, we may repurchase less than the full amount of shares that you request to have repurchased. If we do not repurchase the full amount of your shares that you have requested to be repurchased, or we determine not to make repurchases of our shares, you may not be able to dispose of your
119
shares. Any periodic repurchase offers will be subject in part to our available cash and compliance with the 1940 Act.
The board of directors will require that we repurchase shares or portions thereof from you pursuant to written tenders only on terms they determine to be fair to us and to all of our stockholders. Repurchases of your shares by us will be paid in cash. Repurchases will be effective after receipt and acceptance by us of all eligible written tenders of shares from our stockholders.
When the board of directors determines that we will offer to repurchase shares or fractions thereof, tender offer materials will be provided to you describing the terms thereof, and containing information you should consider in deciding whether and how to participate in such repurchase opportunity.
Any tender offer presented to our stockholders will remain open for a minimum of 20 business days following the commencement of the tender offer. In the materials that we will send to our stockholders, we will include the date that the tender offer will expire. All tenders for repurchase requests must be received prior to the expiration of the tender offer in order to be valid. If there are any material revisions to the tender offer materials (not including the price at which shares may be tendered) sent to our stockholders, we will send revised materials reflecting such changes and will extend the tender offer period by a minimum of an additional five business days. If the price at which shares may be tendered is changed, we will extend the tender offer period by a minimum of an additional ten business days.
In order to submit shares to be tendered, stockholders will be required to complete a letter of transmittal, which will be included in the materials sent to our stockholders, as well as any other documents required by the letter of transmittal. At any time prior to the expiration of the tender offer, stockholders may withdraw their tenders by submitting a notice of withdrawal to . If shares have not been accepted for payment by us, tenders may be withdrawn any time prior to 40 business days following the expiration of the tender offer.
We will not repurchase shares, or fractions thereof, if such repurchase will cause us to be in violation of the securities or other laws of the United States, Maryland or any other relevant jurisdiction.
In the event that FB Advisor or any of its affiliates holds shares in the capacity of a stockholder, any such affiliates may tender shares for repurchase in connection with any repurchase offer we make on the same basis as any other stockholder, except for the initial capital contributions of Messrs. Forman and Adelman. Messrs. Forman and Adelman will not tender their shares for repurchase as long as FB Advisor remains our investment adviser.
We intend to seek exemptive relief from the SEC from Rule 102 of Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, in connection with our proposed share repurchase program. We believe that we will receive exemptive relief from the SEC which would allow us to conduct repurchases as noted above. However, to the extent we are unable to receive such relief, we would instead make repurchases under the share repurchase program at prices equal to the current net asset value of our common shares, which would not require exemptive relief from the SEC. If we modify any of the material terms of our proposed share repurchase program, including the price at which we would offer to make repurchases, we will reflect such revisions in a sticker supplement to the prospectus.
Transfer on death designation. You have the option of placing a transfer on death, or TOD, designation on your shares purchased in this offering. A TOD designation transfers ownership of your shares to your designated beneficiary upon your death. This designation may only be made by individuals, not entities, who are the sole or joint owners with right of survivorship of the shares. However, this option is not available to residents of the states of Louisiana or North Carolina. If you would like to place a TOD designation on your shares, you must check the TOD box on the subscription agreement and you must complete and return the transfer on death form available upon request to us in order to effect the designation.
120
CUSTODIAN, TRANSFER AND DISTRIBUTION PAYING AGENT AND REGISTRAR
Our securities are held under a custody agreement by PFPC Trust Company. The address of the custodian is: 8800 Tinicum Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19153. DST Systems, Inc. will act as our transfer agent, distribution paying agent and registrar. The principal business address of our transfer agent is 1055 Broadway, Ninth Floor, Kansas City, Missouri 64105-1594, telephone number: (816) 435-8474.
BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER PRACTICES
Since we intend to generally acquire and dispose of our investments in privately negotiated transactions, we expect to infrequently use brokers in the normal course of our business. Subject to policies established by our board of directors, FB Advisor is primarily responsible for the execution of the publicly-traded securities portion of our portfolio transactions and the allocation of brokerage commissions. FB Advisor does not execute transactions through any particular broker or dealer, but seeks to obtain the best net results for us, taking into account such factors as price (including the applicable brokerage commission or dealer spread), size of order, difficulty of execution, and operational facilities of the firm and the firms risk and skill in positioning blocks of securities. While FB Advisor will generally seek reasonably competitive trade execution costs, we will not necessarily pay the lowest spread or commission available. Subject to applicable legal requirements, FB Advisor may select a broker based partly upon brokerage or research services provided to it and us and any other clients. In return for such services, we may pay a higher commission than other brokers would charge if FB Advisor determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the services provided.
Certain legal matters regarding the shares of common stock offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Sutherland Asbill & Brennan LLP, Washington, D.C., and certain matters with respect to Maryland law will be passed upon by Miles & Stockbridge P.C., Baltimore, Maryland.
McGladrey & Pullen, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm located at 512 Township Line Road, One Valley Square, Suite 250, Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, 19422, has audited our financial statements as of February 6, 2008.
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form N-2, together with all amendments and related exhibits, under the Securities Act, with respect to our shares of common stock offered by this prospectus. The registration statement contains additional information about us and our shares of common stock being offered by this prospectus.
Upon completion of this offering, we will file with or submit to the SEC annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information meeting the informational requirements of the Exchange Act. You may inspect and copy these reports, proxy statements and other information, as well as the registration statement and related exhibits and schedules, at the Public Reference Room of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information filed electronically by us with the SEC, which are available on the SECs website at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of these reports, proxy and information statements and other information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the SECs Public Reference Section, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549.
121
We are committed to protecting your privacy. This privacy notice explains the privacy policies of FS Investment Corporation and its affiliated companies. This notice supersedes any other privacy notice you may have received from FS Investment Corporation.
We will safeguard, according to strict standards of security and confidentiality, all information we receive about you. The only information we collect from you is your name, address, number of shares you hold and your social security number. This information is used only so that we can send you annual reports and other information about us, and send you proxy statements or other information required by law.
We do not share this information with any non-affiliated third party except as described below.
| Authorized Employees of FB Advisor. It is our policy that only authorized employees of FB Advisor who need to know your personal information will have access to it. |
| Service Providers. We may disclose your personal information to companies that provide services on our behalf, such as record keeping, processing your trades, and mailing you information. These companies are required to protect your information and use it solely for the purpose for which they received it. |
| Courts and Government Officials. If required by law, we may disclose your personal information in accordance with a court order or at the request of government regulators. Only that information required by law, subpoena, or court order will be disclosed. |
122
PAGE | ||
Independent Auditors Report | F-1 | |
Balance Sheet as of February 6, 2008 | F-2 | |
Notes to Financial Statement | F-3 |
Certified Public Accountants
Independent Auditors Report
To the Directors and Stockholders
FS Investment Corporation
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of FS Investment Corporation as of February 6, 2008. This financial statement is the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on this financial statement based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the balance sheet is free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the balance sheet. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall balance sheet presentation. We believe that our audit of the balance sheet provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the balance sheet referred to above presents fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of FS Investment Corporation as of February 6, 2008, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
/s/ McGladrey & Pullen, LLP
Blue Bell, Pennsylvania
March 25, 2008, except for paragraph 3 of Note 5, which is June 18, 2008
F-1
Balance Sheet
February 6, 2008
Assets |
||||
Stock subscriptions receivable |
$ | 1,000,008 | ||
Total assets |
$ | 1,000,008 | ||
Stockholders Equity |
||||
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized and 111,112 shares issued and outstanding |
$ | 111 | ||
Capital in excess of par value, net of offering costs of $480,037 |
1,126,467 | |||
Accumulated deficit |
(126,570 | ) | ||
Total stockholders equity |
$ | 1,000,008 | ||
See Notes to Financial Statement. |
F-2
Notes to Financial Statement
Note 1. Principal Business and Organization
FS Investment Corporation (the Company) was incorporated under the general corporation laws of the State of Maryland on December 21, 2007 and has been inactive since that date except for matters relating to its organization and registration as a non-diversified, closed-end investment company.
The Company intends to elect to be regulated as a business development company (BDC) under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (1940 Act), as amended. The Company intends to operate so as to qualify to be taxed as a regulated investment company (RIC) as defined under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the Code). The Companys fiscal year-end will be December 31.
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation: The accompanying balance sheet has been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
Organization Costs: Organization costs include, among other things, the cost of incorporation including the cost of legal services pertaining to the organization and incorporation of the business and incorporation fees. These costs are expensed as incurred. As of February 6, 2008 the Company has incurred organization costs of $126,570.
Offering Costs: The Companys offering costs include, among other things, legal fees and other costs pertaining to the preparation of the registration statement. The Company has charged offering costs against capital in excess of par value on the balance sheet. As of February 6, 2008 the Company had offering costs of $480,037, which have been paid on behalf of the Company by an affiliate and have been recorded as a contribution to capital (Note 4).
Income Taxes: The Company intends to elect to be treated for federal income tax purposes, and intends to qualify thereafter, as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. Generally, a RIC is exempt from federal income taxes if it distributes at least 90% of Investment Company Taxable Income, as defined in the Code, each year. Dividends paid up to one year after the current tax year can be carried back to the prior tax year for determining the dividends paid in such tax year. The Company intends to distribute sufficient dividends to maintain its RIC status each year. The Company is also subject to nondeductible federal excise taxes if it does not distribute at least 98% of net ordinary income, realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any, and any recognized and undistributed income from prior years for which it paid no federal income taxes. The Company will generally endeavor each year to avoid any federal excise taxes.
Use of Estimates: The preparation of the balance sheet in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statement. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Note 3. Stock Subscriptions Receivable
The Company entered into stock subscription receivable agreements for proceeds totaling $1,000,008 from the chief executive officer and another director of the Company in exchange for 111,112 shares of common stock at $9.00 per share. See Note 5 for subsequent funding of the stock subscriptions receivable.
F-3
FS Investment Corporation
Notes to Financial Statement
Note 4. Related Party Transactions
The Company has entered into an investment advisory and administrative services agreement with FB Income Advisor, LLC (the investment adviser). Pursuant to the investment advisory and administrative services agreement, the investment adviser will be paid a base management fee and certain incentive fees, if applicable. As of February 6, 2008 no services have been performed by the investment adviser under this contract, and no fees have been paid to date.
The Companys investment adviser has also funded offering costs and organization costs in the amount of $606,607. These costs have been recorded by the Company as a contribution to capital. The offering costs totaling $480,037 were offset against capital in excess of par on the financial statement (Note 2). The organization costs of $126,570 were charged to expense as incurred by the Company for the period under audit (Note 2). Under the terms of the Companys investment advisory and administrative services agreement there is no liability on the part of the Company for the offering or organization costs funded by the investment adviser until the investment advisory and administrative services agreement is effective and the Company has raised sufficient proceeds from unrelated outside investors, as defined. Under the terms of the investment advisory and administrative services agreement, if the Company is approved to sell securities by the SEC and the Company is successful in raising gross proceeds from unrelated outside investors, the investment adviser will be entitled to receive 1.5% of such gross proceeds raised from outside investors until all offering costs and organization costs listed above and any future offering or organization costs incurred have been recovered. The minimum reimbursement to the investment adviser for such fees is $125,000, if the Company is approved to sell securities and is able to raise gross proceeds, as defined. The investment advisory and administrative services agreement will not be effective until the Company meets the minimum offering requirement as stated in the prospectus included in the registration statement filed with the SEC.
The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Company serves as CEO of the Companys investment adviser. The CEO of the Company has pledged to contribute initial seed capital in the amount of $750,006 through a subscription agreement to purchase 83,334 shares of the Companys common stock (Note 3). A director nominee of the Company has pledged to contribute initial seed capital in the amount of $250,002 through a subscription agreement to purchase 27,778 shares of the Companys common stock (Note 3). Collectively, the CEO and the director nominee mentioned above, own 100% of the investment adviser through related affiliates.
Members of the Companys investment advisers senior management team will provide investment advisory services to both the Company and FB Capital Partners, LP. FB Capital Partners, LP, which is owned by the Companys CEO, is organized for the purpose of sourcing and managing income-oriented investments for institutions and high net worth individuals. The Companys investment adviser intends to allocate investment opportunities in a fair and equitable manner consistent with the Companys investment objectives and strategies, so that the Company will not be disadvantaged in relation to any other client of the Companys investment adviser or its management team.
F-4
FS Investment Corporation
Notes to Financial Statement
Note 5. Subsequent Events
Filing of Registration Statement: The Company filed a registration statement on February 25, 2008, on Form N-2 with the Securities and Exchange Commission to register the offer and sale of no less than 250,000 shares and no more than 150,000,000 shares of its common stock.
Satisfaction of Stock Subscriptions: On February 20, 2008 and February 25, 2008, the holders of the stock subscriptions satisfied their obligations under the subscription agreements with the Company and deposited $750,006 and $250,002, respectively, with the Company.
Change in Corporate Name: The Company had previously filed a registration statement on Form N-2 with the Securities and Exchange Commission, as described in the second preceding paragraph under the name Franklin Square Investment Corporation. Subsequent to the filing of the N-2 and the issuance of the financial statements, the Company changed its corporate name to FS Investment Corporation, effective June 18, 2008.
F-6
The undersigned hereby tenders this subscription and applies for the purchase of the dollar amount of shares of common stock (the Shares) of FS Investment Corporation, a Maryland corporation (sometimes referred to herein as the Company) set forth below.
1. INVESTMENT |
||
¨ Initial Investment - OR - | ||
Amount Of Subscription: $ | ¨ Additional Investment in this Offering (minimum of $500) | |
(minimum initial investment is $5,000) |
¨ Shares are being Purchased net of commissions (purchase pursuant to a wrap fee arrangement or by a registered representative on his/her own behalf) |
2. TYPE OF OWNERSHIP (select only one) |
||||||||||
¨ Individual (one signature required) |
¨ Custodial Arrangement (owner and custodian signature required) | |||||||||
¨ Joint Tenants with Right of Survivorship (all parties must sign) |
¨ IRA | ¨ Roth IRA | ¨ SEP | ¨ KEOGH | ||||||
¨ Community Property (all parties must sign) |
¨ OTHER | |||||||||
¨ Tenants in Common (all parties must sign) |
Name of Custodian | |||||||||
¨ Uniform Gift to Minors Act State of (custodian signature required) |
Mailing Address | |||||||||
¨ Uniform Transfer to Minors Act State of (custodian signature required) |
City | State | Zip | |||||||
¨ Qualified Pension or Profit Sharing Plan (include Plan Documents) |
Custodian Information (to be completed by custodian above) | |||||||||
¨ Trust (include title and signature pages) |
Custodian Tax ID # | |||||||||
¨ Corporation (include Corporate Resolution; authorized signature required) |
Custodian Account # | |||||||||
¨ Partnership (include Partnership Agreement; authorized signature required) |
Custodian Phone # | |||||||||
¨ Other (specify and include title and signature pages) |
||||||||||
3. INVESTOR INFORMATION |
||||||||||
Individual/Beneficial Owner (Please print name(s) to whom Shares are to be registered) | ||||||||||
First Name
|
Middle Name
|
Last Name
|
||||||||
Social Security Number
|
Date of Birth
|
|||||||||
Street Address and/or PO Box
|
City | State
|
Zip Code
| |||||||
If Not a US Citizen, Specify Country of Citizenship
|
Daytime Phone Number
|
|||||||||
Joint Owner/Minor | ||||||||||
First Name
|
Middle Name
|
Last Name
|
||||||||
Social Security Number
|
Date of Birth
|
|||||||||
Street Address and/or PO Box
|
City | State
|
Zip Code
| |||||||
If Not a US Citizen, Specify Country of Citizenship
|
Daytime Phone Number
|
A-1
3. INVESTOR INFORMATION (continued) |
||||||||||
Trust | ||||||||||
Name of Trust
|
Date of Trust
|
|||||||||
Name(s) of Trustee(s)
|
||||||||||
Taxpayer Identification Number
|
||||||||||
Name of Beneficial Owner(s)
|
||||||||||
Beneficial Owner(s) Street Address
|
City
|
State
|
Zip Code
| |||||||
Social Security Number
|
Date of Birth
|
Occupation
|
||||||||
Corporation/Partnership/Other | ||||||||||
Entity Name
|
Tax ID Number
|
Date of Entity Formation
| ||||||||
Name(s) of Officer(s), General Partner or other Authorized Person(s)
|
4. DISTRIBUTIONS | ||||
I hereby subscribe for Shares of FS Investment Corporation and elect the distribution option indicated below: (IRA accounts may not direct distributions without the custodians approval) | ||||
¨ I choose to participate in FS Investment Corporations Distribution Reinvestment Plan.* |
¨ I choose to have distributions deposited in a checking, savings or brokerage account.** |
¨ I choose to have distributions mailed to me at the address listed in Section 3. | ||
* Each investor that elects to have his or her distributions reinvested in the FS Investment Corporations Distribution Reinvestment Plan agrees to notify the Company and the broker-dealer named in this Subscription Agreement in writing if at any time he or she fails to meet the applicable suitability standards or is unable to make any other representations and warranties set forth in the Prospectus, as supplemented, and this Subscription Agreement. | ||||
** Please attach a pre-printed, voided check. |
I authorize FS Investment Corporation or its agent to deposit my distribution to the account indicated below. This authority will remain in force until I notify FS Investment Corporation in writing to cancel it. In the event that FS Investment Corporation deposits funds erroneously into my account, the Company is authorized to debit my account for the amount of the erroneous deposit.
Name of Financial Institution
|
Mailing Address
|
|||||||||||
City
|
State
|
Zip Code
|
||||||||||
Your Banks ABA Routing Number | Your Account Number | Account Type | ||||||||||
¨ Checking | ¨ Savings | ¨ Brokerage | ||||||||||
The deposit services above cannot be established without a pre-printed, voided check. For Electronic Funds Transfers, the signatures of the bank account owner(s) must appear exactly as they appear on the bank registration. If the registration at the bank differs from that on this Subscription Agreement, all parties must sign below. | ||||||||||||
Signature of Individual/Trustee/Beneficial Owner
|
Signature of Joint Owner/Co-Trustee
|
A-2
5. ELECTRONIC DELIVERY OF DOCUMENTS |
¨ In lieu of receiving documents by mail, I authorize FS Investment Corporation to make available on its website at www.fsinvestmentcorp.com its quarterly reports, annual reports, proxy statements, prospectus supplements or other reports required to be delivered to me, as well as any investment or marketing updates, and to notify me via e-mail when such reports or updates are available. (Any investor who elects this option must provide an e-mail address below.) |
E-Mail Address: |
6. SUBSCRIBER SIGNATURES |
Please carefully read and separately initial each of the representations below. In the case of joint investors, each investor must initial. Except in the case of fiduciary accounts, you may not grant any person power of attorney to make such representations on your behalf. In order to induce the fund to accept this subscription, I (we) hereby represent and warrant that: |
Owner | Joint Owner | |||
(a) I (we) have received a Prospectus for the Company relating to the Shares, wherein the terms and conditions of the offering are described and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions therein. |
Initials | Initials | ||
(b) I (we) certify that I (we) have (1) a net worth (exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles) of $250,000 or more; or (2) a net worth (exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles) of at least $70,000 and had during the last tax year or estimate that I (we) will have during the current tax year a minimum of $70,000 annual gross income, or that I (we) meet the higher suitability requirements imposed by my state of primary residence as set forth in the Prospectus under Suitability Standards. |
Initials | Initials | ||
(c) I am (we are) purchasing Shares for my (our) own account. |
Initials | Initials | ||
(d) I (we) acknowledge that the Shares are not liquid, there is no public market for the Shares, and I (we) may not be able to sell the Shares. |
Initials | Initials | ||
(e) If I am (we are) a resident of Kentucky, I (we) certify that I (we) have (1) a net worth (exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles) of $300,000 or more; or (2) a net worth (exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles) of at least $85,000 and had during the last tax year or estimate that I (we) will have during the current tax year a minimum of $85,000 annual gross income. I (we) also certify that this investment does not exceed 10% of my (our) liquid net worth. |
Initials | Initials | ||
(f) If I am (we are) a resident of Alabama, I (we) certify that this investment does not exceed 10% of my (our) liquid net worth. |
Initials | Initials |
Substitute IRS Form W-9 Certification:
I (we) declare that the information supplied in this subscription agreement is true and correct and may be relied upon by the Company in connection with my investment in the company. Under penalties of perjury, each investor signing below certifies that (1) the number shown in the Investor Social Security Number/Taxpayer Identification Number field in Section 3 of this form is my correct taxpayer identification number (or I am waiting for a number to be issued to me), and (2) I am not subject to backup withholding because (a) I am exempt from backup withholding, or (b) I have not been notified by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) that I am subject to backup withholding as a result of a failure to report all interest or dividends, or (c) the IRS has notified me that I am no longer subject to backup withholding, and(3) I am a U.S. person (including a non-resident alien). NOTE: You must cross out item(2) above if you have been notified by the IRS that you are currently subject to backup withholding because you have failed to report all interest and dividends on your tax return.
The Internal Revenue Service does not require your consent to any provision of this document other than the certifications required to avoid backup withholding.
By signing below, you hereby acknowledge receipt of the Prospectus of the Company dated , 2008 not less than five (5) business days prior to the signing of this Subscription Agreement. You agree that if this subscription is accepted, it will be held, together with the accompanying payment, on the terms described in the Prospectus. You agree that subscriptions may be rejected in whole or in part by the Company in its sole and absolute discretion.
A-3
You understand that you will receive a confirmation of your purchase, subject to acceptance by the Company, within 30 days from the date your subscription is received, and that the sale of Shares pursuant to this subscription agreement will not be effective until at least five business days after the date you have received a final Prospectus. Residents of the States of Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska and Ohio who first received the Prospectus only at the time of subscription may receive a refund of the subscription amount upon request to the Company within five business days of the date of subscription.
By signing below, you also acknowledge that you have been advised that the assignability and transferability of the Shares is restricted and governed by the terms of the Prospectus; there are risks associated with an investment in the Shares and you should rely only on the information contained in the Prospectus and not on any other information or representations from other sources; and you should not invest in the Shares unless you have an adequate means of providing for your current needs and personal contingencies and have no need for liquidity in this investment.
The Company is required by law to obtain, verify and record certain personal information from you or persons on your behalf in order to establish the account. Required information includes name, date of birth, permanent residential address and social security/taxpayer identification number. We may also ask to see other identifying documents. If you do not provide the information, the Company may not be able to open your account. By signing the Subscription Agreement, you agree to provide this information and confirm that this information is true and correct. You further agree that the Company may discuss your personal information and your investment in the Shares at any time with your then current financial advisor. If we are unable to verify your identity, or that of another person(s) authorized to act on your behalf, or if we believe we have identified potentially criminal activity, we reserve the right to take action as we deem appropriate which may include closing your account.
Printed Name of Owner or Authorized Person | Printed Name of Joint Owner or Authorized Person | |
Signature of Owner or Authorized Person | Signature of Joint Owner or Authorized Person | |
Date / / | Date / / |
A-4
7. FINANCIAL ADVISOR (Please read and complete the following) |
The undersigned confirm on behalf of the Broker-Dealer that they (i) are registered in the state in which the sale of the Shares to the investor executing this Subscription Agreement has been made and that the offering of the Shares is registered for sale in such state; (ii) have reasonable grounds to believe that the information and representations concerning the investor identified herein are true, correct and complete in all respects; (iii) have discussed such investors prospective purchase of Shares with such investor; (iv) have advised such investor of all pertinent facts with regard to the fundamental risks of the investment, including the lack of liquidity and marketability of the Shares; (v) have delivered a current Prospectus and related supplements, if any, to such investor; (vi) have reasonable grounds to believe that the investor is purchasing these Shares for his or her own account; and (vii) have reasonable grounds to believe that the purchase of Shares is a suitable investment for such investor, that the undersigned will obtain and retain records relating to such investors suitability for a period of six years, that such investor meets the suitability standards applicable to such investor set forth in the Prospectus and related supplements, if any, that such investor is in a financial position to enable such investor to realize the benefits of such an investment and to suffer any loss that may occur with respect thereto and that such investor has an understanding of the fundamental risks of the investment, the background and qualifications of the persons managing FS Investment Corporation and the tax consequences of purchasing and owning Shares. The undersigned Financial Advisor further represents and certifies that, in connection with this subscription for Shares, he has complied with and has followed all applicable policies and procedures under his firms existing Anti-Money Laundering Program and Customer Identification Program. | ||||||
Broker-Dealer
|
Financial Advisor Name | |||||
Advisor Street/P.O. Box
|
||||||
City
|
State | Zip Code | ||||
Advisor Number
|
Branch Number | Telephone Number | ||||
Email Address
|
Fax Number | |||||
Financial Advisor Signature
|
Date | |||||
Principal Signature (if required by Broker/Dealer)
|
Date |
8. INVESTMENT INSTRUCTIONS | ||
¨ By Mail Checks should be made payable to UMB Bank, N.A., as escrow agent for FS Investment Corporation or, after the Company meets the minimum offering requirements, checks should be made payable to UMB Bank, N.A., as agent for FS Investment Corporation.
| ||
¨ By Wire Transfer UMB Bank, N.A., ABA Routing # , FS Investment Corporation, Account # . Forward this subscription agreement to the address listed below.
| ||
¨ By Asset Transfer
|
||
¨ Custodial Accounts Forward this Subscription Agreement directly to the custodian.
| ||
Mailing Instructions
FS Investment Services | ||
Regular Mail P.O. Box Kansas City, MO 64123 |
Express/Overnight Delivery 430 W. 7th Street Kansas City, MO 64123 |
A-5
APPENDIX A TO SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT
NOTICE TO STOCKHOLDER OF ISSUANCE OF UNCERTIFICATED SHARES OF COMMON STOCK Containing the Information Required by Section 2-211 of the Maryland General Corporation Law
To: | Stockholder |
From: | FS Investment Corporation |
Shares of Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share
FS Investment Corporation, a Maryland corporation (the Corporation), is issuing to you, subject to acceptance by the Corporation, the number of shares of its common stock (the Shares) that correspond to the dollar amount of your subscription as set forth in your subscription agreement with the Corporation. The Shares do not have physical certificates. Instead, the Shares are recorded on the books and records of the Corporation, and this notice is given to you of certain information relating to the Shares. All capitalized terms not defined herein have the meanings set forth in the Corporations Charter, as the same may be amended from time to time, a copy of which, including the restrictions on transfer and ownership, will be furnished to each holder of Shares of the Corporation on request and without charge. Requests for such a copy may be directed to the Secretary of the Corporation at its principal office.
The Corporation has the authority to issue shares of stock of more than one class. Upon the request of any stockholder, and without charge, the Corporation will furnish a full statement of the information required by Section 2-211 of the Maryland General Corporation Law with respect to certain restrictions on ownership and transferability, the designations and any preferences, conversion and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends and other distributions, qualifications, terms and conditions of redemption of the shares of each class of stock which the Corporation has authority to issue, the differences in the relative rights and preferences between the shares of each series to the extent set, and the authority of the Board of Directors to set such rights and preferences of subsequent series. Such requests must be made to the Secretary of the Corporation at its principal office.
A-6
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. No dealer, salesperson or other individual has been authorized to give any information or to make any representations that are not contained in this prospectus. If any such information or statements are given or made, you should not rely upon such information or representation. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell any securities other than those to which this prospectus relates, or an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, to any person in any jurisdiction where such an offer or solicitation would be unlawful. This prospectus speaks as of the date set forth above. You should not assume that the delivery of this prospectus or that any sale made pursuant to this prospectus implies that the information contained in this prospectus will remain fully accurate and correct as of any time subsequent to the date of this prospectus.
Up to 150,000,000 Shares
Common Stock
PROSPECTUS
, 2008
PART C
Other Information
Item 25. Financial Statements and Exhibits
(1) Financial Statements
The following financial statements of FS Investment Corporation. (the Registrant or the Company) are included in Part A of this Registration Statement:
PAGE | ||
F-1 | ||
F-2 | ||
F-3 |
(2) Exhibits
(a) | Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant** | |
(a)(2) | Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Registrant* | |
(b) | Bylaws of the Registrant | |
(d) | Form of Subscription Agreement (included in the Prospectus as Appendix A and incorporated herein by reference) | |
(e) | Distribution Reinvestment Plan | |
(g) | Investment Advisory and Administrative Services Agreement by and between Registrant and FB Income Advisor, LLC** | |
(g)(2) | Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement by and between FB Income Advisor, LLC and GSO Debt Funds Management, LLC | |
(h)(1) | Form of Dealer Manager Agreement | |
(h)(2) | Form of Selected Dealer Agreement (Included as Appendix A to the Form of Dealer Manager Agreement) | |
(j) | Form of Custodian Agreement by and between Registrant and PFPC Trust Company* | |
(k) | Form of Escrow Agreement by and between Registrant and UMB Bank, N.A. | |
(l) | Opinion of Miles & Stockbridge P.C.* | |
(n)(1) | Consent of Miles & Stockbridge P.C. (incorporated by reference to exhibit l hereto)* | |
(n)(2) | Consent of McGladrey & Pullen, LLP | |
(r) | Code of Ethics |
* | To be filed by pre-effective amendment. |
** | Filed as part of initial registration statement on February 25, 2008. |
Item 26. Marketing Arrangements
The information contained under the heading Plan of Distribution in this Registration Statement is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 27. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
SEC registration fee |
$ | 58,950 | |||
FINRA filing fee |
$ | 75,500 | |||
Blue Sky expenses |
$ | 200,000 | |||
Advertising and sales literature |
$ | 1,900,000 | |||
Accounting fees and expenses |
$ | 2,000,000 | |||
Legal fees and expenses |
$ | 3,500,000 | |||
Printing and engraving |
$ | 4,000,000 | |||
Seminars |
$ | 5,250,000 | |||
Miscellaneous fees and expenses |
$ | 5,515,550 | |||
Total |
$ |
22,500,000 |
C-1
The amounts set forth above, except for the SEC and FINRA fees, are in each case estimated and assume that we sell all of the shares being registered by this registration statement. All of the expenses set forth above shall be borne by the Registrant.
Item 28. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control
Immediately prior to this offering, Michael C. Forman owns 75% of the outstanding common stock of the Registrant and David J. Adelman owns 25% of the outstanding common stock of the Registrant. Following the completion of this offering, Mr. Formans and Mr. Adelmans share ownership is each expected to represent less than 1% of the Registrants outstanding common stock.
See Management and Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions in the prospectus contained herein.
Item 29. Number of Holders of Securities
The following table sets forth the number of record holders of the Registrants capital stock at June 17, 2008.
Title of Class |
Number of Record Holders | |
Common stock, $0.001 par value |
2 |
Item 30. Indemnification
Limitation on Liability
Our charter limits the personal liability of our directors and officers to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages. Maryland law permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages except for liability resulting from:
(a) | actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services; or |
(b) | active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment and which is material to the cause |
of action.
Our charter contains a provision which limits directors and officers liability, although not to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, and subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act. In addition, we intend to obtain directors and officers liability insurance.
Indemnification
Under the Maryland General Corporation Law, a Maryland corporation may indemnify its directors, officers and certain other parties against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made a party by reason of their service to the corporation or at its request, unless it is established that the act or omission of the indemnified party was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (i) the act or omission was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, or (ii) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the indemnified party had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. Maryland law does not permit indemnification in respect of any proceeding in which the party seeking indemnification shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation. Further, a party may not be indemnified for a proceeding brought by that party against the corporation, except (i) for a proceeding brought to enforce indemnification or (ii) if the charter or bylaws, a resolution of the board of directors or an agreement approved by the board of directors to which the corporation is a party expressly provides otherwise.
C-2
Pursuant to our charter and bylaws, we are obligated to indemnify any present or former director or officer, and certain other individuals, from and against any claim or liability to which that person may become subject or which, that person may incur by reason of his or her status as a present or former director or officer or other role on our behalf, only if all of the following conditions are met:
(a) | we have determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct which caused the loss or liability was in the Companys best interest; |
(b) | the indemnitee was acting on behalf of or performing services for the Company; |
(c) | the indemnitees liability or loss was not the result of the indemnitees negligence or misconduct, in the case of directors and officers who are affiliates of FB Advisor, and gross negligence or willful misconduct for independent directors of the Company; and |
(d) | such indemnification or agreement to hold harmless is recoverable only out of the Companys net assets and not from that of a shareholder. |
Furthermore, under our charter and bylaws, any director, officer, or any other individual, including any person acting as a broker-dealer, shall not be indemnified for any losses, liabilities or expenses arising from or out of an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws unless one or more of the following conditions are met:
(a) | there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations as to the particular indemnitee; |
(b) | such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction as to the particular indemnitee; or |
(c) | a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against a particular indemnitee and finds that indemnification of the settlement and related costs should be made, and the court of law considering the request for indemnification has been advised of the position of the Securities an Exchange Commission and the published position of any state securities regulatory authority in which securities of the Company were offered or sold as to indemnification for violations of securities laws. |
Under our charter and bylaws, the Company may not incur the cost of that portion of liability insurance which insures the indemnitee for any liability as to which the indemnitee is prohibited from being indemnified under our charter and bylaws.
Under our charter and bylaws, the advancement of Company funds to an indemnitee or its affiliates for legal expenses and other costs incurred as a result of any legal action for which the indemnification is being sought is permissible only if all the following conditions are satisfied:
(a) | the legal action relates to acts or omissions with respect to the performance of duties or services on behalf of the Company; |
(b) | the legal action is initiated by a third party who is not a shareholder, or the legal action is initiated by a shareholder and a court of competent jurisdiction specifically approves of such advancement; and |
(c) | the indemnitee or its affiliates undertake to repay the advanced funds to the Company, together with the applicable legal rate of interest thereon, in cases in which such indemnitee is found not to be entitled to indemnification. |
Indemnification may reduce the legal remedies available to us and our stockholders against the indemnified individuals. The aforementioned charter and bylaw provisions do not reduce the exposure of directors and officers to liability under federal or state securities laws, nor do they limit a stockholders ability to obtain injunctive relief or other equitable remedies for a violation of a directors or an officers duties to us or our stockholders, although the equitable remedies may not be an effective remedy in some circumstances.
C-3
Item 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Advisers
A description of any other business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature in which FB Advisor, and each director or executive officer of FB Advisor, is or has been during the past two fiscal years, engaged in for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee, is set forth in Part A of this Registration Statement in the sections entitled ManagementBoard of Directors, and Executive Officers and Investment Advisory and Administrative Services Agreement. Additional information regarding FB Advisor and its officers and directors is set forth in its Form ADV, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC File No. 801-69111), and is incorporated herein by reference.
A description of any other business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature in which GDFM, and each director or executive officer of GDFM, is or has been during the past two fiscal years, engaged in for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee, is set forth in Part A of this Registration Statement in the sections entitled ManagementBoard of Directors, and Executive Officers and Investment Advisory and Administrative Services Agreement. Additional information regarding GDFM and its officers and directors is set forth in its Form ADV, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC File No. 801-68243), and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 32. Location of Accounts and Records
All accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, and the rules thereunder are maintained at the offices of:
(1) | the Registrant, FS Investment Corporation, Cira Centre, 2929 Arch Street, Suite 675, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-2867; |
(2) | the Transfer Agent, DST Systems, Inc., 1055 Broadway, Ninth Floor, Kansas City, Missouri 64105-1594; |
(3) | the Custodian, PFPC Trust Company, 8800 Tinicum Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19153; |
(4) | the investment adviser, FB Income Advisor, LLC, Cira Centre, 2929 Arch Street, Suite 675, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-2867; and |
(5) | the administrator, FB Income Advisor, LLC, Cira Centre, 2929 Arch Street, Suite 675, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-2867. |
Item 33. Management Services
Not Applicable.
Item 34. Undertakings
We hereby undertake:
(1) | to suspend the offering of shares until the prospectus is amended if (i) subsequent to the effective date of this registration statement, our net asset value declines more than ten percent from our net asset value as of the effective date of this registration statement, or (ii) our net asset value increases to an amount greater than our net proceeds as stated in the prospectus; |
(2) | to file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement |
(i) | to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933; |
(ii) | to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement; and |
C-4
(iii) | to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement. |
(3) | that, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of those securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof; |
(4) | to remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering; and |
(5) | that, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser, if the Registrant is subject to Rule 430C [17 CFR 230.430C]: Each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 497(b), (c), (d) or (e) under the Securities Act of 1933 [17 CFR 230.497(b), (c), (d) or (e)] as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A under the Securities Act of 1933 [17 CFR 230.430A], shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use; and |
(6) | that for the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of securities, the undersigned Registrant undertakes that in an offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to the purchaser. |
(i) | any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 497 under the Securities Act of 1933 [17 CFR 230.497]; |
(ii) | the portion of any advertisement pursuant to Rule 482 under the Securities Act of 1933 [17 CFR 230.482] relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant; and |
(iii) | any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser. |
C-5
Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Philadelphia, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, on June 17, 2008.
FS Investment Corporation
By: |
/S/ MICHAEL C. FORMAN | |
Name: | Michael C. Forman | |
Title: | President and Chief Executive Officer |
POWER OF ATTORNEY
The undersigned directors and officers of FS Investment Corporation hereby constitute and appoint Michael C. Forman and David J. Adelman and each of them with full power to act without the other and with full power of substitution and resubstitution, our true and lawful attorneys-in-fact with full power to execute in our name and behalf in the capacities indicated below this Registration Statement on Form N-2 and any and all amendments thereto, including post-effective amendments to this Registration Statement and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and
Exchange Commission and thereby ratify and confirm that all such attorneys-in-fact, or any of them, or their substitutes shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, Amendment No. 2 to this Registration Statement on Form N-2 has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
Signature |
Title |
Date | ||
/S/ MICHAEL C. FORMAN Michael C. Forman |
President and Chief Executive Officer and Director | June 17, 2008 | ||
/S/ GERARD SCARPATI Gerard Scarpati |
Chief Financial Officer | June 17, 2008 | ||
/S/ DAVID J. ADELMAN David J. Adelman |
Director | June 17, 2008 | ||
/S/ GREGORY P. CHANDLER Gregory P. Chandler |
Director | June 17, 2008 | ||
/S/ BARRY H. FRANK Barry H. Frank |
Director | June 17, 2008 | ||
/S/ MICHAEL HELLER Michael Heller |
Director | June 17, 2008 | ||
/S/ PAUL MENDELSON Paul Mendelson |
Director | June 17, 2008 | ||
/S/ GERALD STAHLECKER Gerald Stahlecker |
Director | June 17, 2008 |
C-6
Exhibit (b)
FS INVESTMENT CORPORATION
BYLAWS
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
Section 1. PRINCIPAL OFFICE. The principal office of FS Investment Corporation (the Corporation) in the State of Maryland shall be located at such place as the board of directors (the Board) may designate.
Section 2. ADDITIONAL OFFICES. The Corporation may have additional offices, including a principal executive office, at such places as the Board may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.
ARTICLE II
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
Section 1. PLACE. All meetings of stockholders shall be held at the principal executive office of the Corporation or at such other place as shall be set by the Board and stated in the notice of the meeting.
Section 2. ANNUAL MEETING. Commencing with the 2008 annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation, an annual meeting of the stockholders for the election of directors and the transaction of any business within the powers of the Corporation shall be held on a date and at the time set by the Board each year.
Section 3. SPECIAL MEETINGS.
(a) General. The Chairman of the Board, the chief executive officer, the president or the Board may call a special meeting of the stockholders. Subject to subsection (b) of this Section 3, a special meeting of stockholders shall also be called by the secretary of the Corporation upon the written request of the stockholders entitled to cast not less than ten percent of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting.
(b) Access to Stockholder List. An alphabetical list of the names, addresses and telephone numbers of the stockholders, along with the number of shares held by each of them (the Stockholder List), shall be maintained as part of the books and records of the Corporation and shall be available for inspection by any stockholder, or a designated agent of such stockholder, at the principal executive office of the Corporation upon the written request of such
stockholder. The Stockholder List shall be updated at least monthly to reflect changes in the information contained therein. The Corporation may impose a reasonable charge for expenses incurred in reproduction of the Stockholder List pursuant to the stockholders request. A stockholder may request a copy of the Stockholder List in connection with matters relating to stockholders voting rights and the exercise of stockholder rights under federal proxy laws.
If the investment adviser of the Corporation (the Adviser) neglects or refuses to exhibit, produce or provide a copy of the Stockholder List as requested by a stockholder, the Adviser shall be liable to any such stockholder requesting the Stockholder List for the costs, including reasonable attorneys fees, incurred by that stockholder for compelling the production of the Stockholder List, and for actual damages suffered by such stockholder by reason of such refusal or neglect. It shall be a defense that the actual purpose and reason for the requests for inspection or for a copy of the Stockholder List is to secure such list of stockholders or other information for the purpose of selling the Stockholder List or copies thereof, or of using the same for a commercial purpose other than in the interest of the applicant as a stockholder relative to the affairs of the Corporation. The Corporation may require the stockholder requesting the Stockholder List to represent that the Stockholder List is not requested for a commercial purpose unrelated to the stockholders interest in the Corporation. The remedies provided hereunder to stockholders requesting copies of the Stockholder List are in addition, to and shall not in any way limit, other remedies available to stockholders under federal law, or the laws of any state.
(c) Stockholder Requested Special Meetings. (1) Any stockholder of record seeking to have stockholders request a special meeting shall, by sending written notice to the secretary (the Record Date Request Notice) by registered mail, return receipt requested, request the Board to fix a record date to determine the stockholders entitled to request a special meeting (the Request Record Date). The Record Date Request Notice shall set forth the purpose of the meeting and the matters proposed to be acted on at it, shall be signed by one or more stockholders of record as of the date of signature (or their duly authorized agents), shall bear the date of signature of each such stockholder (or such agent) and shall set forth all information relating to each such stockholder that must be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors in an election contest (even if an election contest is not involved), or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A (or any successor provision) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). Upon receiving the Record Date Request Notice, and subject to Section 2-502(c) of the Maryland General Corporation Law (the MGCL), the Board may fix a Request Record Date. The Request Record Date shall not precede and shall not be more than ten days after the close of business on the date on which the resolution fixing the Request Record Date is adopted by the Board. If the Board, within ten days after the date on which a valid Record Date Request Notice is received, fails to adopt a resolution fixing the Request Record Date and make a public announcement of such Request Record Date, the Request Record Date shall be the close of business on the tenth day after the first date on which the Record Date Request Notice is received by the secretary.
(2) In order for any stockholder to request a special meeting, one or more written requests for a special meeting signed by stockholders of record (or their duly authorized agents) as of the Request Record Date entitled to cast not less than ten percent (the Special Meeting
-2-
Percentage) of all of the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting (the Special Meeting Request) shall be delivered to the secretary. In addition, the Special Meeting Request shall set forth the purpose of the meeting and the matters proposed to be acted on at it (which shall be limited to the matters set forth in the Record Date Request Notice received by the secretary), shall bear the date of signature of each such stockholder (or such agent) signing the Special Meeting Request, shall set forth the name and address, as they appear in the Corporations books, of each stockholder signing such request (or on whose behalf the Special Meeting Request is signed) and the class, series and number of all shares of stock of the Corporation which are owned by each such stockholder, and the nominee holder for, and number of, shares owned beneficially but not of record, shall be sent to the secretary by registered mail, return receipt requested, and shall be received by the secretary within 60 days after the Request Record Date. Any requesting stockholder may revoke his, her or its request for a special meeting at any time by written revocation delivered to the secretary.
(3) The secretary shall inform the requesting stockholders of the reasonably estimated cost of preparing and mailing the notice of meeting (including the Corporations proxy materials). The secretary shall not be required to call a special meeting upon stockholder request and such meeting shall not be held unless, in addition to the documents required by subsection (b)(2) of this Section 3, the secretary receives payment of such reasonably estimated cost prior to the mailing of any notice of the meeting.
(4) Any special meeting shall be held at such place, date and time as may be designated by the Board; provided, however, that the date of any stockholder requested meeting shall be not more than 90 days after the record date for such meeting (the Meeting Record Date); and provided further that if the Board fails to designate, within ten days after the date that a valid Special Meeting Request is actually received by the secretary (the Delivery Date), a date and time for a stockholder requested meeting, then such meeting shall be held at 2:00 p.m. local time on the 90th day after the Meeting Record Date or, if such 90th day is not a Business Day (as defined below), on the first preceding Business Day; and provided further that in the event that the Board fails to designate a place for a stockholder requested meeting within ten days after the Delivery Date, then such meeting shall be held at the principal executive office of the Corporation. In fixing a date for any special meeting, the Board may consider such factors as the directors deem relevant within the good faith exercise of business judgment, including, without limitation, the nature of the matters to be considered, the facts and circumstances surrounding any request for meeting and any plan of the Board to call an annual meeting or a special meeting. In the case of any stockholder requested meeting, the Board shall fix a Meeting Record Date that is a date not later than 30 days after the Delivery Date.
(5) If written revocations of requests for the special meeting have been delivered to the secretary and the result is that stockholders of record (or their agents duly authorized in writing), as of the Request Record Date, entitled to cast less than the Special Meeting Percentage have delivered, and not revoked, requests for a special meeting to the secretary, the secretary shall: (i) if the notice of meeting has not already been mailed, refrain from mailing the notice of the meeting and send to all requesting stockholders who have not revoked such requests written notice of any revocation of a request for the special meeting, or (ii) if the notice of meeting has
-3-
been mailed and if the Secretary first sends to all requesting stockholders who have not revoked requests for a special meeting written notice of any revocation of a request for the special meeting and written notice of the Secretarys intention to revoke the notice of the meeting, revoke the notice of the meeting at any time before ten days before the commencement of the meeting. Any request for a special meeting received after a revocation by the Secretary of a notice of a meeting shall be considered a request for a new special meeting.
(6) The Board, the Chairman of the Board, the chief executive officer or the president may appoint independent inspectors of elections to act as the agent of the Corporation for the purpose of promptly performing a ministerial review of the validity of any purported Special Meeting Request received by the secretary. For the purpose of permitting the inspectors to perform such review, no such purported request shall be deemed to have been delivered to the secretary until the earlier of (i) five Business Days after receipt by the secretary of such purported request and (ii) such date as the independent inspectors certify to the Corporation that the valid requests received by the secretary represent at least the Special Meeting Percentage. Nothing contained in this subsection (6) shall in any way be construed to suggest or imply that the Corporation or any stockholder shall not be entitled to contest the validity of any request, whether during or after such five Business Day period, or to take any other action (including, without limitation, the commencement, prosecution or defense of any litigation with respect thereto, and the seeking of injunctive relief in such litigation).
(7) For purposes of these Bylaws, Business Day shall mean any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or other day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.
Section 4. NOTICE OF MEETINGS. Written or printed notice of the purpose or purposes, in the case of a special meeting, and of the time and place of every meeting of the stockholders shall be given by the secretary of the Corporation to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting and to each other stockholder entitled to notice of the meeting, by either placing the notice in the mail, delivering it by overnight delivery service or transmitting the notice by electronic mail or any other electronic means at least ten days, but not more than 90 days, prior to the date designated for the meeting, addressed to each stockholder at such stockholders address appearing on the books of the Corporation or supplied by the stockholder to the Corporation for the purpose of notice. The notice of any meeting of stockholders may be accompanied by a form of proxy approved by the Board in favor of the actions or persons as the Board may select. Notice of any meeting of stockholders shall be deemed waived by any stockholder who attends the meeting in person or by proxy or who before or after the meeting submits a signed waiver of notice that is filed with the records of the meeting.
Except as provided in Article II, Section 11, any business of the Corporation may be transacted at an annual meeting of stockholders without being specifically designated in the notice of such meeting, except such business as is required by any statute to be stated in such notice. No business shall be transacted at a special meeting of stockholders except as specifically designated in the notice of such meeting.
-4-
Section 5. ORGANIZATION AND CONDUCT. Every meeting of stockholders shall be conducted by an individual appointed by the Board to be chairman of the meeting or, in the absence of such appointment, by the Chairman of the Board, if any, or, in the case of a vacancy in the office or absence of the Chairman of the Board, by one of the following officers present at the meeting: the Vice Chairman of the Board, if any, the chief executive officer, the president, any vice president, the secretary, the treasurer or, in the absence of such officers, a chairman chosen by the stockholders by the vote of a majority of the votes cast by stockholders present in person or by proxy. The secretary or, in the secretarys absence, an assistant secretary or, in the absence of both the secretary and assistant secretaries, an individual appointed by the Board or, in the absence of such appointment, an individual appointed by the chairman of the meeting shall act as secretary. In the event that the secretary presides at a meeting of the stockholders, an assistant secretary, or, in the absence of assistant secretaries, an individual appointed by the Board or the chairman of the meeting, shall record the minutes of the meeting. The order of business and all other matters of procedure at any meeting of stockholders shall be determined by the chairman of the meeting. The chairman of the meeting may prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and take such action as, in the discretion of such chairman, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting, including, without limitation, (a) restricting admission to the time set for the commencement of the meeting; (b) limiting attendance at the meeting to stockholders of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized proxies or other such individuals as the chairman of the meeting may determine; (c) limiting participation at the meeting on any matter to stockholders of record of the Corporation entitled to vote on such matter, their duly authorized proxies or other such individuals as the chairman of the meeting may determine; (d) limiting the time allotted to questions or comments by participants; (e) maintaining order and security at the meeting; (f) removing any stockholder or any other individual who refuses to comply with meeting procedures, rules or guidelines as set forth by the chairman of the meeting; and (g) recessing or adjourning the meeting to a later date and time and place announced at the meeting. Unless otherwise determined by the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.
Section 6. QUORUM. The presence in person or by proxy of the holders of shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to cast one third of the votes entitled to be cast (without regard to class) shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of the stockholders, except with respect to any such matter that, under applicable statutes or regulatory requirements, requires approval by a separate vote of one or more classes of stock, in which case the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of shares entitled to cast one third of the votes entitled to be cast by each such class on such a matter shall constitute a quorum.
If, however, such quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the stockholders, the chairman of the meeting or the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting, present in person or by proxy, shall have the power to adjourn the meeting from time to time to a date not more than 120 days after the original record date without notice other than announcement at the meeting. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified.
-5-
The stockholders present either in person or by proxy, at a meeting which has been duly called and convened, may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum.
Section 7. VOTING. Directors shall be elected by a plurality of all the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders duly called and at which a quorum, as defined in Section 6 of this Article II, is present. Each share may be voted for as many individuals as there are directors to be elected and for whose election the share is entitled to be voted. A majority of the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders duly called and at which a quorum, as defined in Section 6 of this Article II, is present shall be sufficient to approve any other matter which may properly come before the meeting, unless more than a majority of the votes cast is required by statute or by the charter of the Corporation. Unless otherwise provided in the charter, each outstanding share, regardless of class, shall be entitled to one vote on each matter submitted to a vote at a meeting of stockholders.
Section 8. PROXIES. A stockholder may cast the votes entitled to be cast by the shares of stock owned of record by the stockholder in person or by proxy executed by the stockholder or by the stockholders duly authorized agent in any manner permitted by law. Such proxy or evidence of authorization of such proxy shall be filed with the secretary of the Corporation before or at the meeting. No proxy shall be valid more than eleven months after its date unless otherwise provided in the proxy.
Section 9. VOTING OF STOCK BY CERTAIN HOLDERS. Stock of the Corporation registered in the name of a corporation, partnership, trust or other entity, if entitled to be voted, may be voted by the president or a vice president, a general partner or trustee thereof, as the case may be, or a proxy appointed by any of the foregoing individuals, unless some other person who has been appointed to vote such stock pursuant to a bylaw or a resolution of the governing body of such corporation or other entity or agreement of the partners of a partnership presents a certified copy of such bylaw, resolution or agreement, in which case such person may vote such stock. Any fiduciary may vote stock registered in his or her name as such fiduciary, either in person or by proxy.
Shares of stock of the Corporation directly or indirectly owned by it shall not be voted at any meeting and shall not be counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares entitled to be voted at any given time, unless they are held by it in a fiduciary capacity, in which case they may be voted and shall be counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares at any given time.
The Board may adopt by resolution a procedure by which a stockholder may certify in writing to the Corporation that any shares of stock registered in the name of the stockholder are held for the account of a specified person other than the stockholder. The resolution shall set forth the class of stockholders who may make the certification, the purpose for which the certification may be made, the form of certification and the information to be contained in it; if the certification is with respect to a record date or closing of the stock transfer
-6-
books, the time after the record date or closing of the stock transfer books within which the certification must be received by the Corporation; and any other provisions with respect to the procedure which the Board considers necessary or desirable. On receipt of such certification, the person specified in the certification shall be regarded as, for the purposes set forth in the certification, the stockholder of record of the specified stock in place of the stockholder who makes the certification.
Section 10. INSPECTORS. The Board, in advance of any meeting, may, but need not, appoint one or more individual inspectors or one or more entities that designate individuals as inspectors to act at the meeting or any adjournment thereof. If an inspector or inspectors are not appointed, the person presiding at the meeting may, but need not, appoint one or more inspectors. In case any person who may be appointed as an inspector fails to appear or act, the vacancy may be filled by appointment made by the Board in advance of the meeting or at the meeting by the chairman of the meeting. The inspectors, if any, shall determine the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each, the shares represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum, as defined in Section 6 of this Article II, the validity and effect of proxies, and shall receive votes, ballots or consents, hear and determine all challenges and questions arising in connection with the right to vote, count and tabulate all votes, ballots or consents, and determine the result, and do such acts as are proper to conduct the election or vote with fairness to all stockholders. Each such report shall be in writing and signed by him or her or by a majority of them if there is more than one inspector acting at such meeting. If there is more than one inspector, the report of a majority shall be the report of the inspectors. The report of the inspector or inspectors on the number of shares represented at the meeting and the results of the voting shall be prima facie evidence thereof.
Section 11. ADVANCE NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDER NOMINEES FOR DIRECTOR AND OTHER STOCKHOLDER PROPOSALS.
(a) Annual Meetings of Stockholders. (1) Nominations of individuals for election to the Board and the proposal of other business to be considered by the stockholders may be made at an annual meeting of stockholders (i) pursuant to the Corporations notice of meeting, (ii) by or at the direction of the Board or (iii) by any stockholder of the Corporation who was a stockholder of record both at the time of giving of notice provided for in this Section 11(a) and at the time of the annual meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has complied with this Section 11(a).
(2) For nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to clause (iii) of subsection (a)(1) of this Section 11, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the secretary of the Corporation and such other business must otherwise be a proper matter for action by the stockholders. To be timely, a stockholders notice shall set forth all information required under this Section 11 and shall be delivered to the secretary at the principal executive office of the Corporation not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the date of mailing of the notice for the preceding years annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the mailing of the notice for the annual meeting is advanced or delayed by more than 30 days
-7-
from the first anniversary of the date of mailing of the notice for the preceding years annual meeting, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not earlier than the 120th day prior to the date of mailing of the notice for such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to the date of mailing of the notice for such annual meeting or the tenth day following the day on which public announcement of the date of mailing of the notice for such meeting is first made. In no event shall the public announcement of a postponement or adjournment of an annual meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholders notice as described above. Such stockholders notice shall set forth (i) as to each individual whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director, (A) the name, age, business address and residence address of such individual, (B) the class, series and number of any shares of stock of the Corporation that are beneficially owned by such individual and the date such shares were acquired and the investment intent of such acquisition, (C) whether such stockholder believes any such individual is, or is not, an interested person of the Corporation, as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder (the Investment Company Act) and information regarding such individual that is sufficient, in the discretion of the Board or any committee thereof or any authorized officer of the Corporation, to make such determination and (D) all other information relating to such individual that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors in an election contest (even if an election contest is not involved), or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A (or any successor provision) under the Exchange Act and the rules thereunder (including such individuals written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected); (ii) as to any other business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the reasons for proposing such business at the meeting and any material interest in such business of such stockholder and any Stockholder Associated Person (as defined below), individually or in the aggregate, including any anticipated benefit to the stockholder and any Stockholder Associated Person therefrom; (iii) as to the stockholder giving the notice and any Stockholder Associated Person, the class, series and number of all shares of stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially by such stockholder and by such Stockholder Associated Person, if any, (iv) as to the stockholder giving the notice and any Stockholder Associated Person covered by clauses (ii) or (iii) of this Section 11(a)(2), the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Corporations stock ledger and current name and address, if different, and of such Stockholder Associated Person and (v) to the extent known by the stockholder giving the notice, the name and address of any other stockholder supporting the nominee for election or reelection as a director or the proposal of other business on the date of such stockholders notice.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in this Section 11(a) to the contrary, in the event the Board increases or decreases the number of directors in accordance with Article III, Section 2 of these Bylaws, and there is no public announcement of such action at least 100 days prior to the first anniversary of the date of mailing of the notice for the preceding years annual meeting, a stockholders notice required by this Section 11(a) shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to the secretary at the principal executive office of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Corporation.
-8-
(4) For purposes of this Section 11, Stockholder Associated Person of any stockholder shall mean (i) any person controlling, directly or indirectly, or acting in concert with, such stockholder, (ii) any beneficial owner of shares of stock of the Corporation owned of record or beneficially by such stockholder and (iii) any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with such Stockholder Associated Person.
(b) Special Meetings of Stockholders. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporations notice of meeting. Nominations of individuals for election to the Board may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected (i) pursuant to the Corporations notice of meeting, (ii) by or at the direction of the Board or (iii) provided that the Board has determined that directors shall be elected at such special meeting, by any stockholder of the Corporation who is a stockholder of record both at the time of giving of notice provided for in this Section 11 and at the time of the special meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who complied with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 11. In the event the Corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing one or more individuals to the Board, any such stockholder may nominate an individual or individuals (as the case may be) for election as a director as specified in the Corporations notice of meeting, if the stockholders notice required by subsection (a)(2) of this Section 11 shall be delivered to the secretary at the principal executive office of the Corporation not earlier than the 120th day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to such special meeting or the tenth day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board to be elected at such meeting. In no event shall the public announcement of a postponement or adjournment of a special meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholders notice as described above.
(c) General. (1) Upon written request by the secretary or the Board or any committee thereof, any stockholder proposing a nominee for election as a director or any proposal for other business at a meeting of stockholders shall provide, within five Business Days of delivery of such request (or such other period as may be specified in such request), written verification, satisfactory, in the discretion of the Board or any committee thereof or any authorized officer of the Corporation, to demonstrate the accuracy of any information submitted by the stockholder pursuant to this Section 11. If a stockholder fails to provide such written verification within such period, the information as to which written verification was requested may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with this Section 11.
(2) Only such individuals who are nominated in accordance with this Section 11 shall be eligible for election as directors, and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with this Section 11. The chairman of the meeting shall have the power to determine whether a nomination or any other business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with this Section 11.
-9-
(3) For purposes of this Section 11, (a) the date of mailing of the notice shall mean the date of the proxy statement for the solicitation of proxies for election of directors and (b) public announcement shall mean disclosure (i) in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or comparable news service or (ii) in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act or the Investment Company Act.
(4) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 11, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of state law and of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 11. Nothing in this Section 11 shall be deemed to affect any right of a stockholder to request inclusion of a proposal in, nor the right of the Corporation to omit a proposal from, the Corporations proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 (or any successor provision) under the Exchange Act.
Section 12. VOTING BY BALLOT. Voting on any question or in any election may be viva voce unless the presiding officer shall order or any stockholder shall demand that voting be by ballot.
Section 13. CONTROL SHARE ACQUISITION ACT. Notwithstanding any other provision of the charter of the Corporation or these Bylaws, Title 3, Subtitle 7 of the MGCL, or any successor statute, shall not apply to any acquisition by any person of shares of stock of the Corporation. This section may be repealed, in whole or in part, at any time, whether before or after an acquisition of control shares and, upon such repeal, may, to the extent provided by any successor bylaw, apply to any prior or subsequent control share acquisition.
ARTICLE III
DIRECTORS
Section 1. GENERAL POWERS. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed under the direction of its Board. The Board may designate a Chairman of the Board and a Vice Chairman of the Board, who shall not be officers of the Corporation but shall have such powers and duties as determined by the Board from time to time.
Section 2. NUMBER, TENURE AND QUALIFICATIONS. At any regular meeting or at any special meeting called for that purpose, a majority of the entire Board may establish, increase or decrease the number of directors, provided that the number thereof shall never be less than the minimum number required by the MGCL, nor more than 12, and further provided that the tenure of office of a director shall not be affected by any decrease in the number of directors.
-10-
Section 3. ANNUAL AND REGULAR MEETINGS. An annual meeting of the Board shall be held immediately after and at the same place as the annual meeting of stockholders, no notice other than this Bylaw being necessary. In the event such meeting is not so held, the meeting may be held at such time and place as shall be specified in a notice given as hereinafter provided for special meetings of the Board. Regular meetings of the Board shall be held from time to time at such places and times as provided by the Board by resolution, without notice other than such resolution.
Section 4. SPECIAL MEETINGS. Special meetings of the Board may be called by or at the request of the Chairman of the Board, the chief executive officer, the president or by a majority of the directors then in office. The person or persons authorized to call special meetings of the Board may fix any place as the place for holding any special meeting of the Board called by them. The Board may provide, by resolution, the time and place for the holding of special meetings of the Board without notice other than such resolution.
Section 5. NOTICE. Notice of any special meeting of the Board shall be delivered personally or by telephone, electronic mail, facsimile transmission, United States mail or courier to each director at his or her business or residence address. Notice by personal delivery, telephone, electronic mail or facsimile transmission shall be given at least 24 hours prior to the meeting. Notice by United States mail shall be given at least three days prior to the meeting. Notice by courier shall be given at least two days prior to the meeting. Telephone notice shall be deemed to be given when the director or his or her agent is personally given such notice in a telephone call to which the director or his or her agent is a party. Electronic mail notice shall be deemed to be given upon transmission of the message to the electronic mail address given to the Corporation by the director. Facsimile transmission notice shall be deemed to be given upon completion of the transmission of the message to the number given to the Corporation by the director and receipt of a completed answer-back indicating receipt. Notice by United States mail shall be deemed to be given when deposited in the United States mail properly addressed, with postage thereon prepaid. Notice by courier shall be deemed to be given when deposited with or delivered to a courier properly addressed. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any annual, regular or special meeting of the Board need be stated in the notice, unless specifically required by statute or these Bylaws.
Section 6. QUORUM. A majority of the directors shall constitute a quorum for transaction of business at any meeting of the Board, provided that, if less than a majority of such directors are present at said meeting, a majority of the directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time without further notice, and provided further that if, pursuant to the charter of the Corporation or these Bylaws, the vote of a majority of a particular group of directors is required for action, a quorum must also include a majority of such group.
The directors present at a meeting which has been duly called and convened may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough directors to leave less than a quorum.
-11-
Section 7. VOTING. The action of the majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum, as defined in Section 6 of this Article III, is present shall be the action of the Board, unless the concurrence of a greater proportion is required for such action by applicable statute or the charter. If enough directors have withdrawn from a meeting to leave less than a quorum, as defined in Section 6 of this Article III, but the meeting is not adjourned, the action of the majority of the directors still present at such meeting shall be the action of the Board, unless the concurrence of a greater proportion is required for such action by applicable statute or the charter.
Section 8. ORGANIZATION. At each meeting of the Board, the chairman of the board or, in the absence of the chairman, the vice chairman of the board, if any, shall act as Chairman. In the absence of both the chairman and vice chairman of the board, the chief executive officer or in the absence of the chief executive officer, the president or in the absence of the president, a director chosen by a majority of the directors present, shall act as Chairman. The secretary or, in his or her absence, an assistant secretary of the Corporation, or in the absence of the secretary and all assistant secretaries, a person appointed by the Chairman, shall act as secretary of the meeting.
Section 9. TELEPHONE MEETINGS. Directors may participate in a meeting by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment if all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time; provided however, this Section 9 does not apply to any action of the directors pursuant to the Investment Company Act, that requires the vote of the directors to be cast in person at a meeting. Participation in a meeting by these means shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.
Section 10. WRITTEN CONSENT BY DIRECTORS. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board may be taken without a meeting, if a consent in writing to such action is signed by each director and such written consent is filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board; provided however, this Section 10 does not apply to any action of the directors pursuant to the Investment Company Act that requires the vote of the directors to be cast in person at a meeting.
Section 11. VACANCIES. If for any reason any or all the directors cease to be directors, such event shall not terminate the Corporation or affect these Bylaws or the powers of the remaining directors hereunder, if any. Pursuant to the Corporations election in Article V of the charter, subject to applicable requirements of the Investment Company Act, except as may be provided by the Board in setting the terms of any class or series of preferred stock, (a) any vacancy on the Board may be filled only by a majority of the remaining directors, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, as defined in Section 6 of this Article III, and (b) any director elected to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the full term of the class in which the vacancy occurred and until a successor is elected and qualifies.
Section 12. COMPENSATION. Directors shall not receive any stated salary for their services as directors but, by resolution of the Board, may receive compensation per year and/or per meeting and/or per visit to real property or other facilities owned or leased by the
-12-
Corporation and for any service or activity they performed or engaged in as directors. Directors may be reimbursed for expenses of attendance, if any, at each annual, regular or special meeting of the Board or of any committee thereof and for their expenses, if any, in connection with each property visit and any other service or activity they performed or engaged in as directors; but nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any directors from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.
Section 13. LOSS OF DEPOSITS. No director shall be liable for any loss which may occur by reason of the failure of the bank, trust company, savings and loan association, or other institution with whom moneys or stock have been deposited.
Section 14. SURETY BONDS. Unless required by law, no director shall be obligated to give any bond or surety or other security for the performance of any of his or her duties.
ARTICLE IV
COMMITTEES
Section 1. NUMBER, TENURE AND QUALIFICATIONS. The Board may appoint from among its members an Executive Committee, an Audit Committee, a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and other committees, composed of one or more directors, to serve at the pleasure of the Board.
Section 2. POWERS. The Board may delegate to committees appointed under Section 1 of this Article any of the powers of the Board, except as prohibited by law.
Section 3. MEETINGS. Notice of committee meetings shall be given in the same manner as notice for special meetings of the Board. A majority of the members of the committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the committee. The act of a majority of the committee members present at a meeting shall be the act of such committee. The Board may designate a chairman of any committee, and such chairman or, in the absence of a chairman, any two members of any committee (if there are at least two members of the Committee) may fix the time and place of its meeting unless the Board shall otherwise provide. In the absence of any member of any such committee, the members thereof present at any meeting, whether or not they constitute a quorum, may appoint another director to act in the place of such absent member. Each committee shall keep minutes of its proceedings.
Section 4. TELEPHONE MEETINGS. Members of a committee of the Board may participate in a meeting by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment if all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time. Participation in a meeting by these means shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.
-13-
Section 5. WRITTEN CONSENT BY COMMITTEES. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of a committee of the Board may be taken without a meeting, if a consent in writing to such action is signed by each member of the committee and such written consent is filed with the minutes of proceedings of such committee.
Section 6. VACANCIES. Subject to the provisions hereof, the Board shall have the power at any time to change the membership of any committee, to fill all vacancies, to designate alternate members to replace any absent or disqualified member or to dissolve any such committee. Subject to the power of the Board, the members of the committee shall have the power to fill any vacancies on the committee.
ARTICLE V
OFFICERS
Section 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS. The officers of the Corporation shall include a president, a secretary and a treasurer and may include a chief executive officer, one or more vice presidents, a chief operating officer, a chief financial officer, a chief investment officer, a chief compliance officer, one or more assistant secretaries and one or more assistant treasurers. In addition, the Board may from time to time elect such other officers with such powers and duties as it shall deem necessary or desirable. The officers of the Corporation shall be elected annually by the Board, except that the chief executive officer or president may from time to time appoint one or more vice presidents, assistant secretaries, assistant treasurers or other officers. Each officer shall hold office until his or her successor is elected and qualifies or until death, resignation or removal in the manner hereinafter provided. Any two or more offices except president and vice president may be held by the same person. Election of an officer or agent shall not of itself create contract rights between the Corporation and such officer or agent.
Section 2. REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION. Any officer or agent of the Corporation may be removed, with or without cause, by the Board if in its judgment the best interests of the Corporation would be served thereby, but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. Any officer of the Corporation may resign at any time by giving written notice of his or her resignation to the Board, the chairman of the Board, the president or the secretary. Any resignation shall take effect immediately upon its receipt or at such later time specified in the notice of resignation. The acceptance of a resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective unless otherwise stated in the resignation. Such resignation shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the Corporation.
Section 3. VACANCIES. A vacancy in any office may be filled by the Board for the balance of the term.
Section 4. CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER. The Board may designate a chief executive officer. In the absence of such designation, the president shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation. The chief executive officer shall have general responsibility for implementation of the policies of the Corporation, as determined by the Board, and for the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation.
-14-
Section 5. CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER. The Board may designate a chief operating officer. The chief operating officer shall have the responsibilities and duties as set forth by the Board or the chief executive officer.
Section 6. CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER. The Board may designate a chief investment officer. The chief investment officer shall have the responsibilities and duties as set forth by the Board or the chief executive officer.
Section 7. CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER. The Board may designate a chief financial officer. The chief financial officer shall have the responsibilities and duties as set forth by the Board or the chief executive officer.
Section 8. CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER. The Board shall designate a chief compliance officer to the extent required by, and consistent with the requirements of, the Investment Company Act. The chief compliance officer, subject to the direction of and reporting to the Board, shall be responsible for the oversight of the Corporations compliance with the Federal securities laws and other applicable regulatory requirements. The designation, compensation and removal of the chief compliance officer must be approved by the Board, including a majority of the directors who are not interested persons (as such term is defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act) of the Corporation. The chief compliance officer shall perform such executive, supervisory and management functions and duties as may be assigned to him or her from time to time.
Section 9. PRESIDENT. In the absence of a designation of a chief executive officer by the Board, the president shall be the chief executive officer. He or she may execute any deed, mortgage, bond, contract or other instrument, except in cases where the execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board or by these Bylaws to some other officer or agent of the Corporation or shall be required by law to be otherwise executed; and in general shall perform all duties incident to the office of president and such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board from time to time.
Section 10. VICE PRESIDENTS. In the absence of the president or in the event of a vacancy in such office, the vice president (or in the event there be more than one vice president, the vice presidents in the order designated at the time of their election or, in the absence of any designation, then in the order of their election) shall perform the duties of the president and when so acting shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the president; and shall perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to such vice president by the president or by the Board. The Board may designate one or more vice presidents as executive vice president or as vice president for particular areas of responsibility.
-15-
Section 11. SECRETARY. The secretary shall: (a) keep the minutes of the proceedings of the stockholders, the Board and committees of the Board in one or more books provided for that purpose; (b) see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of these Bylaws or as required by law; (c) be custodian of the corporate records and of the seal of the Corporation; (d) keep a register of the post office address of each stockholder which shall be furnished to the secretary by such stockholder; (e) have general charge of the stock transfer books of the Corporation; and (f) in general perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the chief executive officer, the president or by the Board.
Section 12. TREASURER. The treasurer shall be responsible for: (1) the custody of the funds and securities of the Corporation; (2) the keeping of full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation; and (3) the depositing of all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board. In the absence of a designation of a chief financial officer by the Board, the treasurer shall be the chief financial officer of the Corporation.
The treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the president and Board, at the regular meetings of the Board or whenever it may so require, an account of all his or her transactions as treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation.
If required by the Board, the treasurer shall give the Corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board for the faithful performance of the duties of his or her office and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of his or her death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, moneys and other property of whatever kind in his or her possession or under his or her control belonging to the Corporation.
Section 13. ASSISTANT SECRETARIES AND ASSISTANT TREASURERS. The assistant secretaries and assistant treasurers, in general, shall perform such duties as shall be assigned to them by the secretary or treasurer, respectively, or by the president or the Board. The assistant treasurers shall, if required by the Board, give bonds for the faithful performance of their duties in such sums and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board.
ARTICLE VI
CONTRACTS, LOANS, CHECKS AND DEPOSITS
Section 1. CONTRACTS. The Board may authorize any officer or agent to enter into any contract or to execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances. Any agreement, deed, mortgage, lease or other document shall be valid and binding upon the Corporation when authorized or ratified by action of the Board and executed by an authorized person.
-16-
Section 2. CHECKS AND DRAFTS. All checks, drafts or other orders for the payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or agent of the Corporation in such manner as shall from time to time be determined by the Board.
Section 3. DEPOSITS. All funds of the Corporation not otherwise employed shall be deposited from time to time to the credit of the Corporation in such banks, trust companies or other depositories as the Board may designate.
ARTICLE VII
STOCK
Section 1. CERTIFICATES; REQUIRED INFORMATION. In the event that the Corporation issues shares of stock represented by certificates, such certificates shall be signed by the officers of the Corporation in the manner permitted by the MGCL and contain the statements and information required by the MGCL.
Section 2. TRANSFERS WHEN CERTIFICATES ISSUED. Upon surrender to the Corporation or the transfer agent of the Corporation of a stock certificate duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, the Corporation shall issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction upon its books.
Subject to Article II, Section 9 hereof, the Corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share of stock as the holder in fact thereof and, accordingly, shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of the State of Maryland.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, transfers of shares of any class of stock will be subject in all respects to the charter of the Corporation and all of the terms and conditions contained therein.
Section 3. REPLACEMENT CERTIFICATE. The president, the secretary, the treasurer or any officer designated by the Board may direct a new certificate to be issued in place of any certificate previously issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing the issuance of a new certificate, an officer designated by the Board may, in his or her discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or the owners legal representative to advertise the same in such manner as he or she shall require and/or to give bond, with sufficient surety, to the Corporation to indemnify it against any loss or claim which may arise as a result of the issuance of a new certificate.
-17-
Section 4. CLOSING OF TRANSFER BOOKS OR FIXING OF RECORD DATE. The Board may set, in advance, a record date for the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or determining stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or the allotment of any other rights, or in order to make a determination of stockholders for any other proper purpose. Such date, in any case, shall not be prior to the close of business on the day the record date is fixed and shall be not more than 90 days and, in the case of a meeting of stockholders, not less than ten days, before the date on which the meeting or particular action requiring such determination of stockholders of record is to be held or taken.
In lieu of fixing a record date, the Board may provide that the stock transfer books shall be closed for a stated period but not longer than 20 days. If the stock transfer books are closed for the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders, such books shall be closed for at least ten days before the date of such meeting.
If no record date is fixed and the stock transfer books are not closed for the determination of stockholders, (a) the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day on which the notice of meeting is mailed or the 30th day before the meeting, whichever is the closer date to the meeting; and (b) the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive payment of a dividend or an allotment of any other rights shall be the close of business on the day on which the resolution of the directors, declaring the dividend or allotment of rights, is adopted.
When a determination of stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders has been made as provided in this section, such determination shall apply to any adjournment thereof, except when (i) the determination has been made through the closing of the transfer books and the stated period of closing has expired or (ii) the meeting is adjourned to a date more than 120 days after the record date fixed for the original meeting, in either of which case a new record date shall be determined as set forth herein.
Section 5. STOCK LEDGER. The Corporation shall maintain at its principal office or at the office of its counsel, accountants or transfer agent, an original or duplicate share ledger containing the name and address of each stockholder and the number of shares of each class held by such stockholder.
Section 6. FRACTIONAL STOCK; ISSUANCE OF UNITS. The Board may issue fractional stock or provide for the issuance of scrip, all on such terms and under such conditions as they may determine. Notwithstanding any other provision of the charter or these Bylaws, the Board may issue units consisting of different securities of the Corporation. Any security issued in a unit shall have the same characteristics as any identical securities issued by the Corporation, except that the Board may provide that for a specified period securities of the Corporation issued in such unit may be transferred on the books of the Corporation only in such unit.
-18-
ARTICLE VIII
ACCOUNTING YEAR
The fiscal year of the Corporation shall end on December 31 of each fiscal year, and may thereafter be changed by duly adopted resolution of the Board from time to time.
ARTICLE IX
DISTRIBUTIONS
Section 1. AUTHORIZATION. Dividends and other distributions upon the stock of the Corporation may be authorized by the Board, subject to the provisions of law and the charter of the Corporation. Dividends and other distributions may be paid in cash, property or stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of law and the charter.
Section 2. CONTINGENCIES. Before payment of any dividends or other distributions, there may be set aside out of any assets of the Corporation available for dividends or other distributions such sum or sums as the Board may from time to time, in its absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve fund for contingencies, for equalizing dividends or other distributions, for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation or for such other purpose as the Board shall determine to be in the best interest of the Corporation, and the Board may modify or abolish any such reserve.
ARTICLE X
SEAL
Section 1. SEAL. The Board may authorize the adoption of a seal by the Corporation. The seal shall contain the name of the Corporation and the year of its incorporation and the words Incorporated in Maryland. The Board may authorize one or more duplicate seals and provide for the custody thereof.
Section 2. AFFIXING SEAL. Whenever the Corporation is permitted or required to affix its seal to a document, it shall be sufficient to meet the requirements of any law, rule or regulation relating to a seal to place the word (SEAL) adjacent to the signature of the person authorized to execute the document on behalf of the Corporation.
ARTICLE XI
INDEMNIFICATION AND ADVANCEMENT OF EXPENSES
Section 1. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS OF THE CORPORATION. Subject to any limitations set forth in Sections 2 or 3 below, or, with respect to the advancement of expenses, Section 7.4 of the charter of the Corporation, the Corporation
-19-
shall indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to (i) any individual who is a present or former director or officer of the Corporation and who is made or threatened to be made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity, (ii) any individual who, while a director or officer of the Corporation and at the request of the Corporation, serves or has served a director, officer, partner or trustee of any corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise and who is made or threatened to be made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity or (iii) the Adviser or any of its Affiliates acting as an agent of the Corporation (each such person, an Indemnitee), in each case to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law and the Investment Company Act. The Corporation may, with the approval of the board of directors or any duly authorized committee thereof, provide such indemnification and advance for expenses to a Person who served a predecessor of the Corporation in any of the capacities described in (i) or (ii) above and to any employee or agent of the Corporation or a predecessor of the Corporation.
Section 2. LIMITATION ON INDEMNIFICATION. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in Section 1 above, the Corporation shall not provide for indemnification of an Indemnitee pursuant to Section 1 above for any liability or loss suffered by such Indemnitee, unless all of the following conditions are met:
(a) The Corporation has determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct that caused the loss or liability was in the best interests of the Corporation.
(b) The Indemnitee was acting on behalf of or performing services for the Corporation.
(c) Such liability or loss was not the result of (A) negligence or misconduct, in the case that the Indemnitee is a director (other than an independent director), the Adviser or an Affiliate of the Adviser or (B) gross negligence or willful misconduct in the case that the Indemnitee is an independent director.
(d) Such indemnification or agreement to hold harmless is recoverable only out of assets and not from the stockholders.
Section 3. GENERAL. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in Section 1 of this Article XI above, the Corporation shall not provide indemnification for any loss, liability or expense arising from or out of an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws by any Indemnitee pursuant to Section 2 of this Article XI above, unless one or more of the following conditions are met: (a) there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged material securities law violations as to the Indemnitee, (b) such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction as to the Indemnitee, or (c) a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against
-20-
the Indemnitee, and finds that indemnification of the settlement and the related costs should be made, and the court considering the request for indemnification has been advised of the position of the Securities and Exchange Commission and of the published position of any state securities regulatory authority in which securities were offered or sold as to indemnification for violations of securities laws.
Neither the amendment nor repeal of this Article, nor the adoption or amendment of any other provision of the Bylaws or charter of the Corporation inconsistent with this Article, shall apply to or affect in any respect the applicability of the preceding paragraph with respect to any act or failure to act which occurred prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption.
No provision of this Article XI shall be effective to protect or purport to protect any director or officer of the Corporation against liability to the Corporation or its stockholders to which he or she would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
ARTICLE XII
WAIVER OF NOTICE
Whenever any notice is required to be given pursuant to the charter of the Corporation or these Bylaws or pursuant to applicable law, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to such notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of such notice. Neither the business to be transacted at nor the purpose of any meeting need be set forth in the waiver of notice, unless specifically required by statute. The attendance of any person at any meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where such person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.
ARTICLE XIII
INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT
If and to the extent that any provision of the MGCL, including, without limitation, Subtitle 6 and, if then applicable, Subtitle 7, of Title 3 of the MGCL, or any provision of the charter or these Bylaws conflicts with any provision of the Investment Company Act, the applicable provision of the Investment Company Act shall control.
-21-
ARTICLE XIV
AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS
The Board shall have the exclusive power to adopt, alter or repeal any provision of these Bylaws and to make new Bylaws.
-22-
Exhibit (e)
DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PLAN
OF
FS INVESTMENT CORPORATION
FS Investment Corporation, a Maryland corporation (the Corporation), hereby adopts the following plan (the Plan) with respect to distributions declared by its Board of Directors on shares of its Common Stock:
1. Each stockholder of record may enroll in the Plan by providing the Plan Agent with written notice, except that a stockholder may only participate in the Plan, and sales to a stockholder under the Plan may only occur, if the Corporation maintains its registration in the stockholders state of residence. To enroll in the Plan, such stockholder shall notify DST Systems, Inc., the Plan administrator and the Corporations transfer agent and registrar (collectively the Plan Administrator), in writing so that such notice is received by the Plan Administrator no later than the record date fixed by the Board of Directors for the distribution involved. If a stockholder elects to enroll in the Plan, all distributions hereafter declared by the Board of Directors shall be payable in shares of the Common Stock of the Corporation, and no action shall be required on such stockholders part to receive a distribution in stock. If a stockholder wishes to receive its distributions in cash, no action is required.
2. The Corporation intends to authorize and declare distributions on a monthly basis or on such other date or dates as may be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors to stockholders of record at the close of business on the record date for the distribution involved. The Corporation intends to pay distributions on a quarterly basis beginning no later than the first calendar quarter after the month in which the minimum offering requirement is met.
3. The Corporation shall use newly-issued shares of its Common Stock to implement the Plan. The number of newly-issued shares to be issued to a stockholder shall be determined by dividing the total dollar amount of the distribution payable to such stockholder by a price equal to 95 percent of the price that the shares are sold in the offering at the monthly closing immediately following the distribution date.
4. The Plan Administrator will set up an account for shares acquired pursuant to the Plan for each stockholder who has elected to enroll in the Plan (each a Participant). The Plan Administrator may hold each Participants shares, together with the shares of other Participants, in non-certificated form in the Plan Administrators name or that of its nominee.
5. The Plan Administrator will confirm to each Participant each acquisition made pursuant to the Plan as soon as practicable but not later than 10 business days after the date thereof. Distributions on fractional shares will be credited to each Participants account. In the event of termination of a Participants account under the Plan, the Plan Administrator will adjust for any such undivided fractional interest in cash at the market value of the Corporations shares at the time of termination.
6. The Plan Administrator will forward to each Participant any Corporation related proxy solicitation materials and each Corporation report or other communication to stockholders, and will vote any shares held by it under the Plan in accordance with the instructions set forth on proxies returned by Participants to the Corporation.
7. In the event that the Corporation makes available to its stockholders rights to purchase additional shares or other securities, the shares held by the Plan Administrator for each Participant under the Plan will be used in calculating the number of rights to be issued to the Participant.
8. The Plan Administrators service fee, if any, and expenses for administering the Plan will be paid for by the Corporation.
9. Each Participant may terminate his, her or its account under the Plan by so notifying the Plan Administrator via the Plan Administrators website at www.dstsystems.com, by filling out the transaction request form located at the bottom of the Participants Plan statement and sending it to FS Investment Services, P.O. Box 219095, Kansas City, Missouri 64121-9095 or by calling the Plan Administrators Interactive Voice Response System at (877) 628-8575. Such termination will be effective immediately if the Participants notice is received by the Plan Administrator at least 2 days prior to any distribution record date; otherwise, such termination will be effective only with respect to any subsequent distribution. The Plan may be terminated by the Corporation upon notice in writing mailed to each Participant at least 30 days prior to any record date for the payment of any distribution by the Corporation. Upon any termination, the Plan Administrator will credit the Participants account for the full shares held for the Participant under the Plan and a cash adjustment for any fractional share to be delivered to the Participant without charge to the Participant. If a Participant elects by his, her or its written notice to the Plan Administrator in advance of termination to have the Plan Administrator sell part or all of his, her or its shares and remit the proceeds to the Participant, the Plan Administrator is authorized to deduct a $15 transaction fee plus a $0.10 per share brokerage commission from the proceeds.
10. These terms and conditions may be amended or supplemented by the Corporation at any time but, except when necessary or appropriate to comply with applicable law or the rules or policies of the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other regulatory authority, only by mailing to each Participant appropriate written notice at least 30 days prior to the effective date thereof. The amendment or supplement shall be deemed to be accepted by each Participant unless, prior to the effective date thereof, the Plan Administrator receives written notice of the termination of his, her or its account under the Plan. Any such amendment may include an appointment by the Plan Administrator in its place and stead of a successor agent under these terms and conditions, with full power and authority to perform all or any of the acts to be performed by the Plan Administrator under these terms and conditions. Upon any such appointment of any agent for the purpose of receiving dividends and distributions, the Corporation will be authorized to pay to such successor agent, for each Participants account, all dividends and distributions payable on shares of the Corporation held in the Participants name or under the Plan for retention or application by such successor agent as provided in these terms and conditions.
11. The Plan Administrator will at all times act in good faith and use its best efforts within reasonable limits to ensure its full and timely performance of all services to be performed by it under this Plan and to comply with applicable law, but assumes no responsibility and shall not be liable for loss or damage due to errors unless such error is caused by the Plan Administrators negligence, bad faith, or willful misconduct or that of its employees or agents.
12. These terms and conditions shall be governed by the laws of the State of New York.
May 13, 2008
Exhibit (g)(2)
INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT
BETWEEN
FB FRANKLIN ADVISOR, LLC
AND
GSO DEBT FUNDS MANAGEMENT, LLC
THIS INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT (Agreement) made this 3rd day of April 2008, by and between FB FRANKLIN ADVISOR, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the Adviser) and GSO DEBT FUNDS MANAGEMENT, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the Sub-Adviser).
WHEREAS, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser are investment advisers that are registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the Advisers Act), and engage in the business of providing investment management services; and
WHEREAS, the Adviser has been retained to act as the investment adviser to Franklin Square Investment Corporation (the BDC), a closed-end management investment company that has elected to be regulated as a business development company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), pursuant to an Investment Advisory and Administrative Services Agreement dated February 12, 2008 (the Advisory Agreement); and
WHEREAS, Section 1(f) of the Advisory Agreement permits the Adviser, subject to the supervision and direction of the BDCs board of directors (the Board), to delegate certain of its duties thereunder to other investment advisers, subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act; and
WHEREAS, the Adviser desires to retain the Sub-Adviser to assist it in fulfilling certain of its obligations under the Advisory Agreement, and the Sub-Adviser is willing to render such services subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and for other good and valuable consideration, the parties hereby agree as follows:
1. | Duties of the Sub-Adviser. |
(a) Retention of Sub-Adviser. The Adviser hereby employs the Sub-Adviser to assist the Adviser in managing the investment and reinvestment of the assets of the BDC, subject to the terms set forth herein and subject to the supervision of the Board.
(b) Responsibilities of Sub-Adviser. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Sub-Adviser shall, during the term and subject to the provisions of this Agreement:
(i) | make recommendations to the Adviser as to the composition and allocation of the portfolio of the BDC, the nature and timing of the changes therein and the manner of implementing such changes, including recommendations as to the specific securities and other assets to be purchased, retained, or sold by the BDC; |
(ii) | assist the Adviser in identifying, evaluating and negotiating the structure of the investments made by the BDC; |
(iii) | assist the Adviser in monitoring and servicing the BDCs investments; |
(iv) | assist the Adviser in performing due diligence on prospective portfolio companies; and |
(v) | provide the Adviser with such other research and related services as the Adviser may, from time to time, reasonably require for the Adviser to manage the BDC. |
Notwithstanding the foregoing, however, all investment decisions will ultimately be the responsibility of the Adviser. Furthermore, the parties acknowledge and agree that the Sub-Adviser shall be required to provide only the services expressly described in this Section 1(b), and shall have no responsibility to provide any other services to the Adviser or the BDC, including, but not limited to, administrative (such as valuation-related services), management or other similar services.
(c) Acceptance of Employment. The Sub-Adviser hereby agrees during the term hereof to render the services described herein for the compensation provided herein, subject to the limitations contained herein. The Sub-Adviser shall carry out its responsibilities under this Agreement in compliance with: (i) the Portfolios investment objectives, policies and restrictions as set forth in the BDCs current registration statement; (ii) such policies, directives, regulatory restrictions and compliance policies as the Adviser may from time to time establish or issue and communicate to the Sub-Adviser in writing; and (iii) applicable law and related regulations. The Adviser shall promptly notify the Sub-Adviser in writing of changes to (i) or (ii) above and shall notify the Sub-Adviser in writing of changes to (iii) above promptly after it becomes aware of such changes. In no event shall the Sub-Adviser be held responsible for failing to comply with any of (i), (ii) or (iii) unless it had previously received the notification in the foregoing sentence.
(d) Independent Contractor Status. The Sub-Adviser shall, for all purposes herein provided, be deemed to be an independent contractor and, except as expressly provided or authorized herein, shall have no authority to act for or represent the Adviser or the BDC in any way or otherwise be deemed an agent of the Adviser or the BDC.
2. | Expenses. |
Except as provided below in this Section 2, the Sub-Adviser assumes no obligation with respect to, and shall not be responsible for, the expenses of the Adviser or the BDC in fulfilling the Sub-Advisers obligations hereunder.
2
During the term of this Agreement, the Sub-Adviser shall pay all expenses incurred by it in connection with the activities it undertakes to meet its obligations hereunder. The Sub-Adviser shall, at its sole expense, employ or associate itself with such persons as it believes to be particularly fitted to assist it in the execution of its duties under this Agreement, including without limitation, persons employed or otherwise retained by the Sub-Adviser or made available to the Sub-Adviser by its members or affiliates. The Adviser shall cause the Sub-Adviser to be reimbursed by the BDC or the Adviser, as appropriate, for expenses reasonably incurred by the Sub-Adviser at the request of or on behalf of the BDC or the Adviser, to the same extent as such expenses would be reimbursable to the Adviser pursuant to Sections 2(b) and 2(c) of the Advisory Agreement had such expenses been incurred by the Adviser. The Sub-Adviser shall maintain and supply to the BDC and the Adviser as they may reasonably request, records of all such expenses.
3. | Compensation. |
In consideration for the Sub-Advisers services hereunder, with respect to each Term Year (as defined below), the Adviser shall pay the Sub-Adviser the fee described below, payable quarterly in arrears (within 10 days of when fees are paid to the Adviser):
(a) With respect to the first $500,000 of fees (including without limitation the Base Management Fees and Incentive Fees, as such terms are defined in the Advisory Agreement) payable to the Adviser pursuant to the Advisory Agreement during a Term Year, the Sub-Adviser shall receive $0;
(b) With respect to the next $750,000 of fees (including without limitation the Base Management Fees and Incentive Fees, as such terms are defined in the Advisory Agreement) payable to the Adviser pursuant to the Advisory Agreement during a Term Year, the Sub-Adviser shall be entitled to receive $750,000; and
(c) With respect to any fees(including without limitation the Base Management Fees and Incentive Fees, as such terms are defined in the Advisory Agreement) payable to the Adviser pursuant to the Advisory Agreement during a Term Year in excess of $1,250,000, the Sub-Adviser shall be entitled to receive 50% of any such amounts.
(d) In the event that this Agreement is terminated other than at the end of a calendar year, for purposes of determining fees payable to the Sub-Adviser during the Term Year in which such termination occurs, the advisory fees payable to the Adviser shall be calculated as if the Advisory Agreement terminated as of the termination date of this Agreement.
(e) In the event this Agreement is terminated other than at the end of a Term Year, all dollar amounts referenced in this Section 3 (i.e., $500,000, $750,000 and $1,250,000) shall be reduced pro-rata based on the number of remaining calendar days in such Term Year in which the Agreement is terminated.
For purposes of this Agreement, a Term Year shall mean each annual period beginning on the Effective Date (as defined in Section 8 hereof) or anniversary thereof, and ending on the day prior to the anniversary of the Effective Date.
3
4. | Representations and Warranties of the Sub-Adviser. |
The Sub-Adviser represents and warrants to the Adviser and the BDC as follows:
(a) The Sub-Adviser shall be registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act as of the date the BDC commences investment operations and shall maintain such registration;
(b) The Sub-Adviser is a limited liability company duly organized and validly existing under the laws of the State of Delaware with the power to own and possess its assets and carry on its business as it is now being conducted;
(c) The execution, delivery and performance by the Sub-Adviser of this Agreement are within the Sub-Advisers powers and have been duly authorized by all necessary action the part of its board of directors and no action by or in respect of, or filing with, any governmental body, agency or official is required on the part of the Sub-Adviser for the execution, delivery and performance by the Sub-Adviser of this Agreement, and the execution, delivery and performance by the Sub-Adviser of this Agreement do not contravene or constitute a default under (i) any provision of applicable law, rule or regulation, (ii) the Sub-Advisers governing instruments, or (iii) any agreement, judgment, injunction, order, decree or other instrument binding upon the Sub-Adviser; and
(d) The Form ADV of the Sub-Adviser previously provided to the Adviser is a true and complete copy of the form as currently filed with the SEC and the information contained therein is accurate and complete in all material respects and does not omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Sub-Adviser will promptly provide the Adviser and the BDC with a complete copy of all subsequent amendments to its Form ADV.
(e) The Sub-Adviser has adopted a written code of ethics complying with the requirements of Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act and will provide the Adviser and the BDC with a copy of that code, together with evidence of its adoption. Within 20 days of the end of each calendar quarter during which this Agreement remains in effect, a senior managing director or managing director of the Sub-Adviser shall certify to the Adviser or the BDC that the Sub-Adviser has complied with the requirements of Rule 17j-1 during the previous quarter and that there have been no violations of the Sub-Advisers code of ethics or, if such a violation has occurred, that appropriate action has been taken in response to such violation. Upon written request of the Adviser or the BDC, the Sub-Adviser shall permit representatives of the Adviser or the BDC to examine the reports (or summaries of the reports) required to be made to the Sub-Adviser by Rule 17j-1(c)(1) and other records evidencing enforcement of the code of ethics.
(f) The Sub-Adviser shall comply with all requirements applicable to the investment adviser of a business development company like the BDC under the Advisers Act and the 1940 Act.
4
5. | Representations and Warranties of the Adviser. |
The Adviser represents and warrants to the Sub-Adviser and the BDC as follows:
(a) The Adviser is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act and shall maintain such registration;
(b) The Adviser is a limited liability company duly organized and validly existing under the laws of the State of Delaware with the power to own and possess its assets and carry on its business as it is now being conducted;
(c) The execution, delivery and performance by the Adviser of this Agreement are within the Advisers powers and have been duly authorized by all necessary action and no action by or in respect of, or filing with, any governmental body, agency or official is required on the part of the Adviser for the execution, delivery and performance by the Adviser of this Agreement, and the execution, delivery and performance by the Adviser of this Agreement do not contravene or constitute a default under (i) any provision of applicable law, rule or regulation, (ii) the Advisers governing instruments, or (iii) any agreement, judgment, injunction, order, decree or other instrument binding upon the Adviser;
(d) The Form ADV of the Adviser previously provided to the Sub-Adviser is a true and complete copy of the form as currently filed with the SEC and the information contained therein is accurate and complete in all material respects and does not omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
(e) The Adviser and the BDC have duly entered into the Advisory Agreement pursuant to which the BDC authorized the Adviser to enter into this Agreement.
(f) The Adviser shall comply with all requirements applicable to the investment adviser of a business development company like the BDC under the Advisers Act and the 1940 Act.
6. | Survival of Representations and Warranties; Duty to Update Information. |
All representations and warranties made by the Sub-Adviser and the Adviser pursuant to Sections 4 and 5, respectively, shall survive for the duration of this Agreement and the parties hereto shall promptly notify each other in writing upon becoming aware that any of the foregoing representations and warranties are no longer true.
7. | Liability and Indemnification. |
(a) The duties of the Sub-Adviser shall be confined to those expressly set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser shall not be liable for any loss arising out of any instrument hereunder, except a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties, or by reason of reckless disregard of its obligations and duties hereunder, except as may otherwise be provided under provisions of applicable state law which cannot be waived or modified hereby. (As used in this Section 7, the term Sub-Adviser shall include, without limitation, its general partner, officers, employees and other agents of the Sub-Adviser as well as that entity itself).
5
(b) The Sub-Adviser shall indemnify the Adviser and the BDC, and their respective affiliates and controlling persons, for any liability and expenses, including reasonable attorneys fees, which the Adviser, the BDC or their respective affiliates and controlling persons may sustain as a result of the Sub-Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, reckless disregard of its duties hereunder or violation of applicable law, including, without limitation, the federal and state securities laws.
(c) The Adviser shall indemnify the Sub-Adviser, its affiliates and its controlling persons, for any liability and expenses, including reasonable attorneys fees, howsoever arising from, or in connection with, the Sub-Advisers performance of its obligations under this Agreement or the Advisers breach of the terms, representations and warranties herein; provided, however, that the Sub-Adviser shall not be indemnified for any liability or expenses that may be sustained as a result of the Sub-Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of the Sub-Advisers duties or by reason of the reckless disregard of the Sub-Advisers duties and obligations under this Agreement, or violation of applicable law, including, without limitation, federal and state securities laws.
8. | Duration and Termination of Agreement. |
(a) Term and Effectiveness. This Agreement shall become effective as of the date that the BDC meets the minimum offering requirement, as such term is defined in the prospectus contained in the BDCs registration statement on Form N-2 as declared effective by the SEC (the Effective Date). This Agreement shall remain in effect for two years, and thereafter shall continue automatically for successive annual periods, provided that such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the vote of the Board, or by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the BDC and (ii) the vote of a majority of the BDCs directors who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons (as such term is defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) of any such party, in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act.
(b) Termination. This Agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, upon 60 days written notice, by (i) the Adviser, if the Board or a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the BDC determine that this Agreement should be terminated, or (ii) the Sub-Adviser. This Agreement shall automatically terminate in the event of (1) its assignment (as such term is defined for purposes of Section 15(a)(4) of the 1940 Act), or (2) the termination of the Advisory Agreement. The provisions of Section 7 of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect, and the Adviser shall remain entitled to the benefits thereof, notwithstanding any termination of this Agreement.
(c) Notwithstanding any termination of this Agreement, the Sub-Adviser shall be entitled to receive all amounts payable to it and not yet paid pursuant to Section 3 hereof.
9. | Services Not Exclusive. |
Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent the Sub-Adviser or any member, manager, officer, employee or other affiliate thereof from acting as investment adviser for any other person, firm or corporation, or from engaging in any other lawful activity, and shall not in any way limit or restrict the Sub-Adviser or any of its members, managers, officers, employees or agents from buying, selling or trading any securities for its or their own accounts or for the accounts of others for whom it or they may be acting.
6
10. | Notices. |
Any notice under this Agreement shall be given in writing, addressed and delivered or mailed, postage prepaid, to the other party at its principal office.
11. | Amendments. |
This Agreement may be amended by mutual consent of the parties, subject to the requirements of applicable law.
12. | Entire Agreement; Governing Law. |
This Agreement contains the entire agreement of the parties and supersedes all prior agreements, understandings and arrangements with respect to the subject matter hereof. Notwithstanding the place where this Agreement may be executed by any of the parties hereto, this Agreement shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. For so long as the BDC is regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act, this Agreement shall also be construed in accordance with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act. In such case, to the extent the applicable laws of the State of New York, or any of the provisions herein, conflict with the provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control.
13. | Severability. |
If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby.
7
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed on the date above written.
FB FRANKLIN ADVISOR, LLC | ||
By: | ||
Name: | ||
Title: |
GSO DEBT FUNDS MANAGEMENT, LLC | ||
By: | ||
Name: | ||
Title: |
8
EXHIBIT A
Advisory Agreement
Exhibit (h)(1)
FS INVESTMENT CORPORATION
Up to $1,500,000,000 in Shares of Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share
FORM OF DEALER MANAGER AGREEMENT
, 2008
FS2 Capital Partners, LLC
801 North Orange Avenue
Suite 815
Orlando, Florida 32801
Ladies and Gentlemen:
FS Investment Corporation, a Maryland corporation (the Company), has registered for public sale (the Offering) a maximum of $1,500,000,000 in shares of its common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the Common Stock), to be issued and sold to the public on a best efforts basis (the Offered Shares) through you as the managing dealer (the Dealer Manager) and the broker-dealers participating in the offering (the Selected Dealers) at an initial offering price of $10.00 per share (subject in certain circumstances to discounts based upon the volume of shares purchased). Terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the same meaning as in the Prospectus, as that term is defined in Section 2.1 below.
The Company has entered into an investment advisory and administrative services agreement, dated as of February 12, 2008 (the Investment Advisory Agreement), with FB Income Advisor, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company registered as an investment adviser (the Adviser), under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the Advisers Act).
The Company and the Adviser hereby agree with you, the Dealer Manager, as follows:
1. Representations and Warranties of the Company and the Adviser.
The Company and the Adviser hereby represent and warrant to the Dealer Manager and each Selected Dealer with whom the Dealer Manager has entered into or will enter into a Selected Dealer Agreement (the Selected Dealer Agreement) in the form attached as Exhibit A to this Agreement that, as of the date hereof and at all times during the Offering Period, as that term is defined below (provided that, to the extent such representations and warranties are given only as of a specified date or dates, the Company and the Adviser only make such representations and warranties as of such date or dates):
1.1 The Company has prepared and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) a registration statement on Form N-2 (No. 333-149374) for the registration of the Offered Shares in accordance with applicable requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), and the applicable rules and regulations of the
Commission promulgated thereunder (the Securities Act Regulations). As used in this Agreement, the term Registration Statement means such registration statement, as so amended; the term Effective Date means the applicable date upon which the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto is or was first declared effective by the Commission; the term Prospectus means the prospectus in the form constituting a part of the Registration Statement as well as in the form filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) after the Registration Statement becomes effective, except that the term Prospectus shall also include any supplements thereto; and the term Filing Date means the applicable date upon which the initial Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto is filed with the Commission. As of the date hereof, the Commission has not issued any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or are pending before or threatened by the Commission under the Securities Act.
1.2 The Registration Statement and the Prospectus, and any further amendments or supplements thereto, will, as of the applicable Effective Date, comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations; the Registration Statement does not, and any amendments thereto will not, in each case as of the applicable Effective Date, contain an untrue statement of material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading; provided, however, that the Company and the Adviser make no warranty or representation with respect to any statement contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or any amendments or supplements thereto, made in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by the Dealer Manager or any Selected Dealer expressly for use in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or any amendments or supplements thereto.
1.3 This Agreement and the Investment Advisory Agreement have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.
1.4 The Company is a corporation duly organized and validly existing under the laws of the State of Maryland, and is in good standing with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland, with full power and authority to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and to enter into this Agreement and to perform the transactions contemplated hereby; this Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and is a legal, valid and binding agreement of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors rights generally, and by general equitable principles, and except to the extent that the enforceability of the indemnity and/or contribution provisions contained in Section 5 of this Agreement may be limited under applicable securities laws.
1.5 Each of the Company and the Adviser has qualified to do business and is in good standing in every jurisdiction in which the conduct of its business, as described in the Prospectus, requires such qualification, except where the failure to do so would not have a material adverse effect on the condition, financial or otherwise, results of operations or cash flows of the Company and the Adviser taken as a whole or would materially and adversely affect the regulatory status of the Adviser such that the Adviser would be prevented from carrying out its obligations under the Investment Advisory Agreement (a Material Adverse Effect).
2
1.6 The Adviser is a limited liability company duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware with full power and authority to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and to enter into this Agreement and to perform the transactions contemplated hereby; this Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Adviser and is a legal, valid and binding agreement of the Adviser enforceable against the Adviser in accordance with its terms, except as enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors rights generally, and by general equitable principles, and except to the extent that the enforceability of the indemnity and/or contribution provisions contained in Section 5 of this Agreement may be limited under applicable securities laws.
1.7 The Offered Shares conform in all material respects to the description of the Common Stock contained in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus. The authorized, issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock as of the date hereof are as set forth in the Prospectus under the caption Description of Our Securities. As of the date hereof, all the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company are fully paid and non-assessable.
1.8 The Company is not in violation of its charter or its bylaws and the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the issuance, sale and delivery of the Offered Shares, the consummation of the transactions herein contemplated and compliance with the terms of this Agreement by the Company will not violate the terms of or constitute a default under: (a) its charter or bylaws; or (b) any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, lease, or other material agreement to which the Company is a party; or (c) any law, rule or regulation applicable to the Company; or (d) any writ, injunction or decree of any government, governmental instrumentality or court, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Company except, in the cases of clauses (b), (c) and (d), for such violations or defaults that, individually or in the aggregate, would not result in a Material Adverse Effect.
1.9 The Adviser is not in violation of its certificate of organization or its limited liability company agreement and the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the consummation of the transactions herein contemplated and compliance with the terms of this Agreement by the Adviser will not violate the terms of or constitute a default under: (a) its certificate of organization or limited liability company agreement; or (b) any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, lease, or other material agreement to which the Adviser is a party; or (c) any law, rule or regulation applicable to the Adviser; or (d) any writ, injunction or decree of any government, governmental instrumentality or court, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Adviser except, in the cases of clauses (b), (c) and (d), for such violations or defaults that, individually or in the aggregate, would not result in a Material Adverse Effect.
1.10 Upon the commencement of the Offering, the Company will be a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company that has elected to be treated as a business development company (BDC) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, (the Investment Company Act), and has not withdrawn such election, and the Commission has not ordered that such election be withdrawn nor to the Companys knowledge have proceedings to effectuate such withdrawal been initiated or threatened by the Commission.
3
1.11 The terms of the Investment Advisory Agreement, including compensation terms, comply in all material respects with all applicable provisions of the Investment Company Act and the Advisers Act.
1.12 The approval of the Investment Advisory Agreement by each of the board of directors and the initial stockholders of the Company has been made in accordance with the requirements of Section 15 of the Investment Company Act applicable to companies that have elected to be regulated as BDCs under the Investment Company Act.
1.13 Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, (i) no person is serving or acting as an officer, director or investment adviser of the Company, except in accordance with the provisions of the Investment Company Act and the Advisers Act and the applicable published rules and regulations thereunder, and (ii) to the knowledge of the Company, no director of the Company is an affiliated person (as defined in the Investment Company Act) of the Dealer Manager.
1.14 The Companys current business operations and investments and contemplated business operations and investments are in compliance in all material respects with the provisions of the Investment Company Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder applicable to BDCs and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, except as will not result, singly or in the aggregate, in a material adverse effect on the Company.
1.15 The provisions of the corporate charter and bylaws of the Company and the investment objectives, policies and restrictions described in the Prospectus are not inconsistent with the requirements of the Investment Company Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder applicable to a BDC.
1.16 No consent, approval, authorization or other order of any governmental authority is required in connection with the execution or delivery by the Company of this Agreement or the issuance and sale by the Company of the Offered Shares, except (a) registration of the Offered Shares under the Securities Act; (b) election to be regulated as a BDC under the Investment Company Act; (c) registration under the Advisers Act; (d) any necessary qualification under the securities or blue sky laws of the jurisdictions in which the Offered Shares are being offered by the Dealer Manager and the Selected Dealers; and (e) under the conduct rules set forth in the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) rulebook (the FINRA Rules).
1.17 There are no actions, suits or proceedings pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or the Adviser, threatened against either the Company or the Adviser at law or in equity or before or by any federal or state commission, regulatory body or administrative agency or other governmental body, domestic or foreign, which would have a Material Adverse Effect.
1.18 The issuance and sale of the Offered Shares have been duly authorized by the Company, and, when issued and duly delivered against payment therefor as contemplated by this Agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, free and clear of any pledge, lien, encumbrance, security interest or other claim, and the issuance and sale of the Offered Shares by the Company are not subject to preemptive or other similar rights arising by operation of law, under the charter or bylaws of the Company or under any agreement to which the Company is a party or otherwise.
4
1.19 The Company has entered into an escrow agreement (the Escrow Agreement) with UMB Bank, N.A. as escrow agent (the Escrow Agent) and the Dealer Manager, in the form included as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, which provides for the establishment of an escrow account into which subscribers funds will be deposited pursuant to the subscription procedures described in Section 13 below (the Escrow Account).
1.20 The financial statements of the Company included in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, together with the related notes, present fairly the financial position of the Company, as of the date specified, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis and in conformity with Regulation S-X of the Commission. No additional financial statements are required to be included in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus.
1.21 McGladrey & Pullen, LLP, whose report on the financial statements of the Company included in the Registration Statement and Prospectus, are, and during the period covered by the report included in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, were independent registered public accountants as required by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.
1.22 Since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or any amendments or supplements thereto, there has not been any event or development which could reasonably be seen as having a Material Adverse Effect.
1.23 There are no contracts or other documents required by the Securities Act or the Securities Act Regulations to be described in or incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement which have not been accurately described in all material respects in the Prospectus or incorporated or filed as required. The agreements to which either the Company or the Adviser is a party which are described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus are valid and enforceable in all material respects by the Company and/or the Adviser except as enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting the enforceability of creditors rights generally and rules of law governing specific performance, injunctive relief and other equitable remedies, and, to the best of the Companys and the Advisers knowledge, no party thereto is in breach or default under any of such agreements except where such breach or default would not have a Material Adverse Effect.
1.24 The Company has, and, to the knowledge of the Company, all of the Companys directors or officers in their capacities as such have, complied in all material respects with any applicable provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith.
1.25 Neither the Company nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, employee or affiliate of the Company is aware of or has taken any action, directly or indirectly, that would result in a violation by such persons of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder.
5
1.26 Each of the Company and the Adviser expects to implement and maintain controls and other procedures that will be designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commissions rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to the Companys management, including its chief executive officer and chief financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure; and the Company will make and keep books, records and accounts which, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company and the Adviser; and the Company and the Adviser expect to implement and maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with managements general or specific authorization; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain accountability for assets; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with managements general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences; and, to the Companys knowledge, neither the Company nor the Adviser, nor any employee or agent thereof, has made any payment of funds of the Company or the Adviser, as the case may be, or received or retained any funds, and no funds of the Company have been set aside to be used for any payment, in each case in material violation of any law, rule or regulation applicable to the Company or the Adviser.
1.27 No relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company on the one hand, and the directors, officers, security holders of the Company, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates, on the other hand, which is required to be described in the Prospectus and which is not so described.
2. Covenants of the Company and the Adviser.
The Company and the Adviser hereby jointly and severally covenant and agree with the Dealer Manager that:
2.1 The Company will: (a) use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Registration Statement and any subsequent amendments thereto to become effective as promptly as possible; (b) promptly advise the Dealer Manager (i) of the receipt of any comments of, or requests for additional or supplemental information from, the Commission, (ii) of the time and date of any filing of any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus, and (iii) of the time and date that any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement becomes effective; (c) timely file every amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus that may be required by the Commission or under the Securities Act; and (d) if at any time the Commission shall issue any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, it will promptly notify the Dealer Manager and, to the extent the Company determines such action is in the best interest of the Company, use its commercially reasonable efforts to obtain the lifting of such order at the earliest possible time.
6
2.2 In addition to and apart from the Prospectus, the Company intends to furnish to all appropriate regulatory agencies and use printed sales literature or other materials in connection with the Offering prepared by the Company, the Adviser or the Dealer Manager, which materials are generally described in the Prospectus. Such printed sales literature or other materials prepared by the Company, the Adviser or the Dealer Manager, provided that the use of said sales literature and other materials has been approved for use by the Company in writing and all appropriate regulatory agencies, are referred to hereinafter as the Authorized Sales Materials. In the event that the Company uses printed materials in connection with the Offering prepared by the Company, the Adviser or the Dealer Manager, intended for broker-dealer use only, the Dealer Manager shall use such broker-dealer use only materials in accordance with Section 4.3 below.
2.3 The Company will, at no expense to the Dealer Manager, furnish the Dealer Manager with such number of printed copies of the Registration Statement, including all amendments and exhibits thereto, as the Dealer Manager may reasonably request. The Company will similarly furnish to the Dealer Manager and Selected Dealers designated by the Dealer Manager as many copies as the Dealer Manager may reasonably request in connection with the Offering of the Offered Shares of: (a) the Prospectus in preliminary and final form and every form of supplement to or post-effective amendment to the Prospectus; and (b) the Authorized Sales Materials.
2.4 The Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to qualify the Offered Shares for offering and sale under, or to establish the exemption of the offering and sale of the Offered Shares from qualification or registration under, the applicable state securities or blue sky laws of each jurisdiction designated in Exhibit B hereto (the Qualified Jurisdictions) and to maintain such qualifications or exemptions in effect throughout the Offering. In connection therewith, the Company will prepare and file all such reports as may be required by the securities regulatory authorities in the Qualified Jurisdictions in which the Offered Shares have been sold, provided that the Dealer Manager shall have provided the Company with any information required for such filings or reports that is in the Dealer Managers possession. The Company will notify the Dealer Manager promptly following each date of: (a) the effectiveness of qualification or exemption of Offered Shares in any additional jurisdiction in which the offering and sale of Offered Shares has been authorized by appropriate state regulatory authorities; and (b) a change in the status of the qualification or exemption of the Offered Shares in any jurisdiction in any respect. The Company will file and obtain clearance of the Authorized Sales Materials to the extent required by applicable state securities laws. The Company will furnish to the Dealer Manager a copy of such papers filed by the Company in connection with any such qualification.
2.5 If at any time when a Prospectus is required to be delivered under the Securities Act any event occurs as a result of which, in the opinion of the Company, the Prospectus would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading, the Company will promptly notify the Dealer Manager thereof (unless the
7
information shall have been received from the Dealer Manager) and the Dealer Manager and the Selected Dealers shall suspend the offering and sale of the Offered Shares in accordance with Section 4.3 hereof until such time as the Company, in its sole discretion (a) instructs the Dealer Manager to resume the offering and sale of the Offered Shares and (b) has prepared any required supplement to or post-effective amendment to the Prospectus as shall be necessary to correct such statement or omission and to comply with the requirements of Section 10 of the Securities Act.
2.6 The Company will apply the proceeds from the sale of the Offered Shares as stated in the Prospectus.
2.7 The Company will engage and maintain, at its expense, a registrar and transfer agent for the Offered Shares.
2.8 The Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to maintain its status as a BDC under the Investment Company Act; provided, however, the Company may cease to be, or withdraw its election as a BDC under the Investment Company Act, with the approval of its board of directors and a vote of its stockholders as required by Section 58 of the Investment Company Act, or a successor provision.
2.9 The Company will operate in a manner so as to enable the Company to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code for each taxable year during which it elects to be treated as a BDC under the Investment Company Act; provided, however, that at the discretion of the Companys board of directors, it may elect to not be so treated.
3. Payment of Expenses and Fees.
3.1 The Company agrees to pay all costs and expenses incident to the Offering, whether or not the transactions contemplated hereunder are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, including expenses, fees and taxes in connection with: (a) the registration fee, the preparation and filing of the Registration Statement (including without limitation financial statements, exhibits, schedules and consents), the Prospectus, and any amendments or supplements thereto, and the printing and furnishing of copies of each thereof to the Dealer Manager and to Selected Dealers (including costs of mailing and shipment); (b) the preparation, issuance and delivery of certificates, if any, for the Offered Shares, including any stock or other transfer taxes or duties payable upon the sale of the Offered Shares; (c) all fees and expenses of the Companys legal counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm; (d) the qualification of the Offered Shares for offering and sale under state laws in the states, including the Qualified Jurisdictions, that the Company shall designate as appropriate and the determination of their eligibility for investment under state law as aforesaid and the printing and furnishing of copies of any blue sky surveys or legal investment surveys to the Dealer Manager; (e) filing for review by FINRA of all necessary documents and information relating to the Offering and the Offered Shares (including the reasonable legal fees and filing fees and other disbursements of counsel relating thereto); (f) the fees and expenses of any transfer agent or registrar for the Offered Shares and miscellaneous expenses referred to in the Registration Statement; (g) all costs and expenses incident to the travel and accommodation of the Companys employees in making road show presentations with respect to the offering of the Offered Shares; and (h) the performance of the Companys other obligations hereunder.
8
3.2 In addition, the Company shall reimburse the Dealer Manager for due diligence expenses of up to 0.5% of gross proceeds from the sale of the Offered Shares for bona fide due diligence expenses incurred by the Dealer Manager or any Selected Dealer. Such due diligence expenses may include travel, lodging, meals and other reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Dealer Manager or any Selected Dealer and their personnel when visiting the Companys offices to verify information relating to the Company. The Dealer Manager or any Selected Dealer shall provide to the Company a detailed and itemized invoice for any such due diligence expenses.
4. Obligations and Compensation of Dealer Manager.
The Dealer Manager hereby represents and warrants to, and covenants and agrees with the Company and the Adviser (provided that, to the extent representations and warranties of the Company and the Adviser are given only as of a specified date or dates, the Dealer Manager only makes such representations and warranties as of such date or dates) as follows:
4.1 The Company hereby appoints the Dealer Manager as its exclusive agent and distributor during the period commencing with the date hereof and ending on the termination date of the Offering (the Termination Date) described in the Prospectus (the Offering Period) to solicit and to cause Selected Dealers to solicit subscriptions for the Offered Shares at the subscription price to be paid in accordance with, and otherwise upon the other terms and conditions set forth in, the Prospectus and the Subscription Agreement, and the Dealer Manager agrees to use its best efforts to procure subscribers for the Offered Shares during the Offering Period. The Offered Shares offered and sold through the Dealer Manager under this Agreement shall be offered and sold only by the Dealer Manager and, at the Dealer Managers sole option, by any Selected Dealers whom the Dealer Manager may retain, each of which shall be members of FINRA in good standing, pursuant to an executed Selected Dealer Agreement with such Selected Dealer. The Dealer Manager hereby accepts such agency and distributorship and agrees to use its best efforts to sell the Offered Shares on said terms and conditions. The Dealer Manager represents to the Company that (i) it is a member of FINRA in good standing, (ii) it and its employees and representatives have all required licenses and registrations to act under this Agreement and (iii) it has established and implemented anti-money laundering compliance programs in accordance with applicable law, including applicable FINRA rules, Commission rules and regulations (Commission Rules) and the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act (USA PATRIOT Act) of 2001, as amended by the USA Patriot Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 (the USA PATRIOT Act), specifically including, but not limited to, Section 352 of the International Money Laundering Abatement and Anti-Terrorist Financing Act of 2001 (the Money Laundering Abatement Act and together with the USA PATRIOT Act, the AML Rules) reasonably expected to detect and cause the reporting of suspicious transactions in connection with the offering and sale of the Offered Shares. In addition, the Dealer Manager represents that it has established and implemented a program for compliance with Executive Order 13224 and all regulations and programs administered by the Treasury Departments Office of foreign Assets Control regulations and programs administered by the Treasury Departments Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC Program) and will continue to maintain its OFAC Program during the term of this Agreement.
9
The Dealer Manager further represents that it is currently in compliance with all AML Rules and OFAC requirements, specifically including, but not limited to, the Customer Identification Program requirements under Section 326 of the USA PATRIOT Act, and the Dealer Manager hereby agrees, upon request of the Company, to provide an annual certification to the Company that, as of the date of such certification (i) its AML Program and its OFAC Program are consistent with the AML Rules and OFAC requirements, (ii) it has continued to implement its AML Program and its OFAC Program, and (iii) it is currently in compliance with all AML Rules and OFAC requirements, specifically including, but not limited to, the Customer Identification Program requirements under Section 326 of the USA PATRIOT Act.
4.2 With respect to its participation and the participation by each Selected Dealer in the offer and sale of the Offered Shares (including, without limitation any resales and transfers of Offered Shares), the Dealer Manager agrees, and, by virtue of entering into the Selected Dealer Agreement, each Selected Dealer shall have agreed, to comply and shall comply with any applicable requirements of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, the rules promulgated under each, the applicable state securities or blue sky laws, and FINRA Rules, specifically including, but not in any way limited to, Rules 2340, 2420, 2740, and 2750 therein. The Dealer Manager agrees, and each Selected Dealer shall have agreed, to comply and shall comply with any applicable requirements with respect to its and each Selected Dealers participation in any resales or transfers of the Offered Shares. In addition, the Dealer Manager agrees, and each Selected Dealer shall have agreed, that should it or they assist with the resale or transfer of the Offered Shares, it and each Selected Dealer will fully comply with all applicable FINRA or Commission Rules or any other applicable Federal or state laws.
4.3 The Dealer Manager shall cause the Offered Shares to be offered and sold only in the Qualified Jurisdictions, and in such additional jurisdictions as may be added thereto in which the offering and sale of Offered Shares has been authorized by appropriate state regulatory authorities. No Offered Shares shall be offered or sold for the account of the Company in any other states. The Dealer Manager shall use and distribute in conjunction with the offer and sale of any Offered Shares only the Prospectus and the Authorized Sales Materials. The Authorized Sales Materials may only be furnished to prospective investors if accompanied or preceded by the Prospectus, as defined by Section 1.1 of this Agreement. The Dealer Manager represents and warrants to the Company that it will not use any sales literature not authorized and approved by the Company or use any broker-dealer use only materials with members of the public in connection with offers or sales or the Offered Shares. The Dealer Manager agrees, and will cause the Selected Dealers to each agree, to suspend or terminate offering and sale of the Offered Shares upon request of the Company at any time and to resume offering and sale of the Offered Shares upon subsequent request of the Company.
4.4 In consideration for the services rendered by the Dealer Manager, the Company agrees that it will pay to the Dealer Manager:
(a) a dealer manager fee in the amount of 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sale of the Offered Shares (the Dealer Manager Fee), a portion of which may be
10
reallowed to Selected Dealers (as described more fully in the Selected Dealer Agreement entered into with such Selected Dealer), which reallowance, if any, shall be determined by the Dealer Manager in its discretion based on factors including, but not limited to, the number of shares sold by such Selected Dealer, the assistance of such Selected Dealer in marketing the Offering and due diligence expenses incurred, and the extent to which similar fees are reallowed to selected broker-dealers in similar offerings being conducted during the Offering Period; provided, however, that no Dealer Manager Fee shall be payable in respect of the purchase of Offered Shares by an officer, director or employee of the Company, the Adviser or their respective affiliates; and
(b) subject to volume discounts and other special circumstances described in or otherwise provided in the Plan of Distribution section of the Prospectus, selling commissions in the amount of 7.0% of the gross proceeds of the Offered Shares sold, which commissions may be reallowed in whole or in part to the Selected Dealer who sold the Offered Shares giving rise to such commissions, as described more fully in the Selected Dealer Agreement entered into with such Selected Dealer; provided, however, that no commissions described in this clause (b) shall be payable in respect of the purchase of Offered Shares: (i) through an investment advisory representative affiliated with a Selected Dealer who is paid on a fee-for-service basis by the investor; (ii) by a Selected Dealer (or such Selected Dealers registered representative), in its individual capacity, or by a retirement plan of such Selected Dealer (or such Selected Dealers registered representative), or (iii) by an officer, director or employee of the Company, the Adviser or their respective affiliates.
4.5 The Company will not be liable or responsible to any Selected Dealer for direct payment of commissions or the Dealer Manager Fee to such Selected Dealer, it being the sole and exclusive responsibility of the Dealer Manager for payment of commissions or the Dealer Manager Fee to Selected Dealers. Notwithstanding the above, the Company, in its sole discretion, either directly or through the Escrow Agent, may act as agent of the Dealer Manager by making direct payment of commissions or the Dealer Manager Fee to such Selected Dealers without incurring any liability therefor. The Dealer Manager Fee and all selling commissions payable to the Dealer Manager with respect to any Offered Shares sold will be paid or offered substantially concurrently with the acceptance of subscribers for such Offered Shares as stockholders by the Company.
4.6 The Dealer Manager represents and warrants to the Company, the Adviser and each person that signs the Registration Statement that the information regarding the Offering in the Prospectus and all other information furnished to the Company by the Dealer Manager in writing expressly for use in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.
4.7 The Dealer Manager represents and warrants to the Company and the Adviser that it will not represent or imply that the Escrow Agent has investigated the desirability or advisability of investment in the Company, or has approved, endorsed or passed upon the merits of the Offered Shares or the Company, nor will the Dealer Manager use the name of said Escrow Agent in any manner whatsoever in connection with the offer or sale of the Offered Shares other than by acknowledgment that it has agreed to serve as escrow agent.
11
5. Indemnification.
5.1 For the purposes of this Section 5, an entitys Indemnified Parties shall include such entitys officers, directors, employees, members, partners, agents and representatives, and each person, if any, who controls such entity within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act.
5.2 The Company and the Adviser, jointly and severally, will indemnify, defend (subject to Section 5.6) and hold harmless the Selected Dealers and the Dealer Manager, and their respective Indemnified Parties, from and against any losses, claims (including the reasonable cost of investigation), damages or liabilities, joint or several, to which such Selected Dealers or Dealer Manager, or their respective Indemnified Parties, may become subject, under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon (a) in whole or in part, any material inaccuracy in a representation or warranty contained herein by either the Company or the Adviser, any material breach of a covenant contained herein by either the Company or the Adviser, or any material failure by either the Company or the Adviser to perform its obligations hereunder or to comply with state or federal securities laws applicable to the Offering, or (b) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained (i) in the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or in the Prospectus or any supplement to the Prospectus or (ii) in any Authorized Sales Materials or (iii) in any blue sky application or other document executed by the Company or on its behalf specifically for the purpose of qualifying any or all of the Offered Shares for sale under the securities laws of any jurisdiction or based upon written information furnished by the Company or the Adviser under the securities laws thereof (any such application, document or information being hereinafter called a Blue Sky Application), or (c) the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated in the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereof or in the Prospectus or any supplement to the Prospectus as necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and the Company and the Adviser will reimburse each Selected Dealer or Dealer Manager, and/or their respective Indemnified Parties, for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such Selected Dealer or Dealer Manager, and/or their respective Indemnified Parties, in connection with investigating or defending such loss, claim, damage, liability or action; provided, however, that the Company or the Adviser will not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of, or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished either (x) to the Company or the Adviser by the Dealer Manager or (y) to the Company, the Adviser or Dealer Manager by or on behalf of any Selected Dealer expressly for use in the Registration Statement or any such post-effective amendment thereof, or the Prospectus or any such supplement thereto. This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability which either the Company or the Adviser may otherwise have.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the indemnification and agreement to hold harmless provided in this Section 5.2 is further limited to the extent that no such indemnification
12
by the Company or the Adviser of a Selected Dealer or the Dealer Manager, or their respective Indemnified Parties, shall be permitted under this Agreement for, or arising out of, an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws, unless one or more of the following conditions are met: (i) there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations as to the particular indemnitee; (ii) such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction as to the particular indemnitee; or (iii) a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against the particular indemnitee and finds that indemnification of the settlement and the related costs should be made, and the court considering the request for indemnification has been advised of the position of the Commission and of the published position of any state securities regulatory authority in which the securities were offered or sold as to indemnification for violations of securities laws.
5.3 The Dealer Manager will indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Company and the Adviser, their respective Indemnified Parties and each person who has signed the Registration Statement, from and against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which any of the aforesaid parties may become subject, under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims (including the reasonable cost of investigation), damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon (a) in whole or in part, any material inaccuracy in a representation or warranty contained herein by the Dealer Manager, any material breach of a covenant contained herein by the Dealer Manager, or any material failure by the Dealer Manager to perform its obligations hereunder or (b) any untrue statement or any alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained (i) in the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or in the Prospectus or any supplement to the Prospectus or (ii) in any Authorized Sales Materials or (iii) any Blue Sky Application, or (c) the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated in the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereof or in the Prospectus or any supplement to the Prospectus as necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; provided, however, that in each case described in clauses (b) and (c) to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or omission was made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company or the Adviser by the Dealer Manager specifically for use with reference to the Dealer Manager in the preparation of the Registration Statement or any such post-effective amendments thereof or the Prospectus or any such supplement thereto, or (c) any use of sales literature by the Dealer Manager not authorized or approved by the Company or any use of broker-dealer use only materials with members of the public concerning the Offered Shares by the Dealer Manager, or (d) any untrue statement made by the Dealer Manager or its representatives or agents or omission to state a fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading in connection with the offer and sale of the Offered Shares, or (e) any material violation by the Dealer Manager of this Agreement, or (f) any failure by the Dealer Manager to comply with applicable laws governing money laundry abatement and anti-terrorist financing efforts, including applicable FINRA Rules, Commission Rules and the USA PATRIOT Act, or (g) any other failure by the Dealer Manager to comply with applicable FINRA or Commission Rules. The Dealer Manager will reimburse the aforesaid parties in connection with investigation or defense of such loss, claim, damage, liability or action. This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability which the Dealer Manager may otherwise have.
13
5.4 Each Selected Dealer severally will indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Company, the Adviser, the Dealer Manager, each of their respective Indemnified Parties, and each person who signs the Registration Statement, from and against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which the Company, the Adviser, the Dealer Manager, or any of their respective Indemnified Parties, or any person who signed the Registration Statement, may become subject, under the Securities Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims (including the reasonable cost of investigation), damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon (a) in whole or in part, any material inaccuracy in a representation or warranty by the Selected Dealer, any material breach of a covenant by the Selected Dealer, or any material failure by the Selected Dealer to perform its obligations hereunder or under the Selected Dealer Agreement, or (b) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained (i) in the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or the Prospectus or any supplement to the Prospectus or (ii) in any Authorized Sales Materials or (iii) any Blue Sky Application, or (c) the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated in the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereof or in the Prospectus or any supplement to the Prospectus or necessary to make statements therein not misleading, provided, however, that in each case described in clauses (b) and (c) to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or omission was made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company or the Adviser or the Dealer Manager by the Selected Dealer specifically for use with reference to the Selected Dealer in the Registration Statement or any such post-effective amendments thereof or the Prospectus or any such supplement thereto, or (d) any use of sales literature by the Selected Dealer not authorized or approved by the Company or use of broker-dealer use only materials with members of the public concerning the Offered Shares by such Selected Dealer or Selected Dealers representatives or agents, or (e) any untrue statement made by such Selected Dealer or its representatives or agents or omission to state a fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading in connection with the offer and sale of the Offered Shares, or (f) any failure by the Selected Dealer to comply with Section VII or Section X or any other material violation of the Selected Dealer Agreement, or (f) any failure of the Selected Dealer to comply with applicable laws governing money laundry abatement and anti-terrorist financing efforts, including applicable FINRA Rules, Commission Rules and the USA PATRIOT Act, or (g) any other failure by the Selected Dealer to comply with applicable FINRA or Commission Rules or any other applicable Federal or state laws. Each Selected Dealer will reimburse the aforesaid parties in connection with investigation or defense of such loss, claim, damage, liability or action. This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability which the Selected Dealer may otherwise have.
5.5 Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section 5 of notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified party will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against any indemnifying party under this Section 5, notify in writing the indemnifying party of the commencement thereof and the omission to so notify the indemnifying party will relieve such indemnifying party from any liability under this Section 5 as to the particular item for which indemnification is then being sought, but not from any other liability which it may have to any indemnified party. In case any such action is brought against any indemnified party, and it notifies an indemnifying party of the commencement thereof, the indemnifying party will be entitled, to the extent it may wish, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to participate in the defense thereof, with separate counsel.
14
Such participation shall not relieve such indemnifying party of the obligation to reimburse the indemnified party for reasonable legal and other expenses (subject to Section 5.6) incurred by such indemnified party in defending itself, except for such expenses incurred after the indemnifying party has deposited funds sufficient to effect the settlement, with prejudice, of the claim in respect of which indemnity is sought. Any such indemnifying party shall not be liable to any such indemnified party on account of any settlement of any claim or action effected without the consent of such indemnifying party.
5.6 An indemnifying party under Section 5 of this Agreement shall be obligated to reimburse an indemnified party for reasonable legal and other expenses as follows:
(a) In the case of the Company and/or the Adviser indemnifying the Dealer Manager, the advancement of Company funds to the Dealer Manager for legal expenses and other costs incurred as a result of any legal action for which indemnification is being sought shall be permissible only if all of the following conditions are satisfied: (i) the legal action relates to acts or omissions with respect to the performance of duties or services on behalf of the Company; (ii) the legal action is initiated by a third party who is not a shareholder of the Company or the legal action is initiated by a shareholder of the Company acting in his or her capacity as such and a court of competent jurisdiction specifically approves such advancement; and (iii) the Dealer Manager undertakes to repay the advanced funds to the Company, together with the applicable legal rate of interest thereon, in cases which the Dealer Manager is found not to be entitled to indemnification.
(b) In any case of indemnification other than that described in Section 5.6(a) above, the indemnifying party shall pay all legal fees and expenses of the indemnified party in the defense of such claims or actions; provided, however, that the indemnifying party shall not be obligated to pay legal expenses and fees to more than one law firm in connection with the defense of similar claims arising out of the same alleged acts or omissions giving rise to such claims notwithstanding that such actions or claims are alleged or brought by one or more parties against more than one indemnified party. If such claims or actions are alleged or brought against more than one indemnified party, then the indemnifying party shall only be obliged to reimburse the expenses and fees of the one law firm that has been selected by a majority of the indemnified parties against which such action is finally brought; and in the event a majority of such indemnified parties is unable to agree on which law firm for which expenses or fees will be reimbursable by the indemnifying party, then payment shall be made to the first law firm of record representing an indemnified party against the action or claim. Such law firm shall be paid only to the extent of services performed by such law firm and no reimbursement shall be payable to such law firm on account of legal services performed by another law firm.
5.7 The indemnity agreements contained in this Section 5 shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of: (a) any investigation made by or on behalf of any Selected Dealer, or any person controlling any Selected Dealer or by or on behalf of the Company, the Adviser, the Dealer Manager or any officer or director thereof, or by or on behalf of the Company or the Dealer Manager; (b) delivery of any Offered Shares and payment therefor; and (c) any termination of this Agreement or any Selected Dealer Agreement. A successor of any Selected Dealer or of any of the parties to this Agreement, as the case may be, shall be entitled to the benefits of the indemnity agreements contained in this Section 5.
15
5.8 Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 5, no party shall be entitled to indemnification or contribution under this Agreement in violation of Section 17(i) of the Investment Company Act.
6. Survival of Provisions.
The respective agreements, representations and warranties of the Company, the Adviser, and the Dealer Manager set forth in this Agreement shall remain operative and in full force and effect until the Termination Date regardless of: (a) any investigation made by or on behalf of the Dealer Manager or any Selected Dealer or any person controlling the Dealer Manager or any Selected Dealer or by or on behalf of the Company, the Adviser or any person controlling the Company; and (b) the delivery of payment for the Offered Shares. Following the termination of this Agreement, this Agreement will become void and there will be no liability of any party to any other party hereto, except for obligations under Sections 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11 and 15, all of which will survive the termination of this Agreement.
7. Applicable Law; Venue
7.1 This Agreement and any claim, counterclaim or dispute of any kind or nature whatsoever arising out of or in any way relating to this Agreement, directly or indirectly, shall be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware applicable to contracts formed and to be formed entirely within the State of Delaware, without regard to the conflicts of laws principles and rules thereof, to the extent such principles would require or permit the application of the laws of another jurisdiction.
8. Counterparts.
This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts. Each counterpart, when executed and delivered, shall be an original contract, but all counterparts, when taken together, shall constitute one and the same Agreement.
9. Entire Agreement.
This Agreement and the Exhibits attached hereto constitute the entire agreement among the parties and supersede any prior understanding, whether written or oral, prior to the date hereof with respect to the Offering.
10. Successors and Amendment.
10.1 This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Dealer Manager and the Company and the Adviser and their respective successors and permitted assigns and shall inure to the benefit of the Selected Dealers to the extent set forth in Sections 1 and 5 hereof. Nothing in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to give to any other person any right, remedy or claim, except as otherwise specifically provided herein.
10.2 This Agreement may be amended only by the written agreement of the Dealer Manager, the Company and the Adviser.
16
10.3 Neither the Company or Adviser, nor the Dealer Manager may assign or transfer any of such partys rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the Dealer Manager, on the one hand, or the Company and the Adviser, acting together, on the other hand.
11. Term and Termination.
11.1 This Agreement may be terminated by the Dealer Manager, on the one hand, or the Company and the Adviser acting together, on the other, in the event that (a) the Company or the Adviser, on the one hand, or the Dealer Manager, on the other, shall have materially failed to comply with any of the material provisions of this Agreement or (b) the Company or the Adviser, on the one hand, or the Dealer Manager, on the other, materially breaches any of its representations and warranties contained in this Agreement and, in the case of the Company or the Adviser, such breach or breaches, individually or in the aggregate, would have a Material Adverse Effect; provided, however, that no party may terminate this Agreement under this sentence unless such failure(s) or breach(es) under clause (a) or (b) above is or are not cured within thirty (30) days after such party has delivered notice of intent to terminate under this Section 11.1. In any case, this Agreement shall expire at the close of business on the Termination Date.
11.2 The Dealer Manager, upon the expiration or termination of this Agreement, shall (i) promptly deposit any and all funds, if any, in its possession which were received from investors for the sale of Offered Shares into the appropriate escrow account, (ii) promptly deliver to the Company all records and documents in its possession which relate to the Offering and are not designated as dealer copies, (iii) provide a list of all purchasers and broker-dealers with whom the Dealer Manager has initiated oral or written discussions regarding the Offering, and (iv) notify Selected Dealers of such termination. The Dealer Manager, at its sole expense, may make and retain copies of all such records and documents, but shall keep all such information confidential. The Dealer Manager shall use its best efforts to cooperate with the Company to accomplish an orderly transfer of management of the Offering to a party designated by the Company.
11.3 Upon expiration or termination of this Agreement, the Company shall pay to the Dealer Manager all compensation to which the Dealer Manager is or becomes entitled under Section 4 at such time as such compensation becomes payable.
12. Confirmation.
The Company hereby agrees and assumes, or will arrange for a party designated by it, to assume the duty to confirm, on its behalf and on behalf of Selected Dealers, all orders for purchase of Offered Shares accepted by the Company. Such confirmations will comply with the rules of the Commission and FINRA, and will comply with applicable laws of such other jurisdictions to the extent the Company is advised of such laws in writing by the Dealer Manager.
17
13. Submission of Orders.
13.1 Each person desiring to purchase Offered Shares in the Offering will be required to complete and execute a Subscription Agreement in the form attached as an Appendix to the Prospectus and to deliver to the Selected Dealer or Dealer Manager, as the case may be (the Processing Broker-Dealer), such completed Subscription Agreement, together with a check, draft, wire or money order (hereinafter referred to as a Subscription Payment) for the purchase price of the Offered Shares, subject to any discount that may apply based upon the volume of Offered Shares purchased pursuant to the schedule of discounts and procedures specified in the Prospectus. There shall be a minimum initial purchase by any one purchaser of $5,000 in Offered Shares (except as otherwise indicated in the Prospectus, or in any letter or memorandum from the Company to the Dealer Manager). Minimum subsequent purchases of Offered Shares shall be $500 per transaction. Persons who purchase Offered Shares shall make their checks payable to UMB Bank, N.A., as agent for FS Investment Corporation. Each person desiring to purchase Offered Shares in the Offering must submit subscriptions for a certain dollar amount, rather than a number of Offered Shares.
After meeting the $2,500,000 minimum offering requirement (the Minimum Offering), the Company will sell the Offered Shares on a continuous basis at a price of $10.00 per Offered Share, subject to any adjustment to ensure that Offered Shares are not sold at a price, after deduction of selling commissions and the Dealer Manager Fee, that is below net asset value per Offered Share. Each person desiring to purchase Offered Shares in the Offering must submit subscriptions for a certain dollar amount, rather than a number of Offered Shares and, as a result, may receive fractional Offered Shares.
The Processing Broker-Dealer receiving a Subscription Agreement and Subscription Payment not conforming to the foregoing instructions shall return such Subscription Agreement and Subscription Payment directly to such subscriber not later than the end of the second business day following receipt by the Processing Broker-Dealer of such materials. Subscription Agreements and Subscription Payments received by the Processing Broker-Dealer which conform to the foregoing instructions shall be transmitted for deposit pursuant to one of the methods described in this Section 13. Transmittal of received investor funds will be made in accordance with the following procedures. The Dealer Manager may authorize certain Selected Dealers that are $250,000 broker-dealers to instruct their customers to make their checks for Offered Shares subscribed for payable directly to the Selected Dealer. In such case, the Selected Dealer will collect the proceeds of the subscribers checks and issue a check for the aggregate amount of the subscription proceeds made payable to the order of UMB Bank, N.A., as agent for FS Investment Corporation.
13.2 If the Processing Broker-Dealer conducts its internal supervisory review at the same location at which Subscription Agreements and Subscription Payments are received from subscribers, then, by noon of the next business day following receipt by the Processing Broker-Dealer, the Processing Broker-Dealer will transmit the Subscription Agreements and Subscription Payment to the Companys transfer agent, DST Systems Inc. (the Transfer Agent), for deposit with the Escrow Agent.
13.3 If the Processing Broker-Dealer conducts its internal supervisory review at a different location (the Final Review Office), Subscription Agreements and Subscription
18
Payments will be transmitted by the Processing Broker-Dealer to the Final Review Office by noon of the next business day following receipt by the Processing Broker-Dealer. The Final Review Office will in turn by noon of the next business day following receipt by the Final Review Office, transmit such Subscription Agreements and Subscription Payment to the Companys Transfer Agent for deposit with the Escrow Agent.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Offered Shares to be purchased by a custodial account, the Processing Broker-Dealer shall cause the custodian of such account to deliver a completed Subscription Agreement and Subscription Payment for such account directly to the Transfer Agent for deposit with the Escrow Agent. The Processing Broker-Dealer shall furnish to the Transfer Agent with each delivery of Subscription Payments a list of the subscribers showing the name, address, tax identification number, state of residence, amount of Offered Shares subscribed for, and the amount of money paid.
14. Suitability of Investors; Compliance with Privacy Laws
14.1 The Dealer Manager will offer Offered Shares, and in its agreements with Selected Dealers will require that the Selected Dealers offer Offered Shares, only to those persons who meet the suitability standards set forth in the Prospectus or in any suitability letter or memorandum sent by the Company and will only make offers to persons in the jurisdictions in which it is advised in writing that the Offered Shares are qualified for sale or that such qualification is not required. Notwithstanding the qualification of the Offered Shares for sale in any respective jurisdiction (or the exemption therefrom), the Dealer Manager represents, warrants and covenants that it will not offer Offered Shares and will not permit any of its registered representatives to offer Offered Shares in any jurisdiction unless both the Dealer Manager and such registered representative are duly licensed to transact securities business in such jurisdiction. In offering Offered Shares, Dealer Manager will comply, and in its agreements with Selected Dealers the Dealer Manager will require that the Selected Dealers comply, with the provisions of FINRA Rules, as well as all other applicable rules and regulations relating to suitability of investors.
The Dealer Manager further represents, warrants and covenants that neither the Dealer Manager, nor any person associated with the Dealer Manager, shall offer or sell Offered Shares in any jurisdiction except to investors who satisfy the investor suitability standards and minimum investment requirements under the most restrictive of the following: (1) applicable provisions described in the Prospectus, including minimum income and net worth standards; (2) applicable laws of the jurisdiction of which such investor is a resident; or (3) applicable FINRA Rules. The Dealer Manager agrees to ensure that, in recommending the purchase, sale or exchange of Offered Shares to an investor, the Dealer Manager, or a person associated with the Dealer Manager, shall have reasonable grounds to believe, on the basis of information obtained from the investor (and thereafter maintained in the manner and for the period required by the Commission, any state securities commission, FINRA or the Company) concerning his age, investment objectives, other investments, financial situation and needs, and any other information known to the Dealer Manager, or person associated with the Dealer Manager, that (A) the investor can reasonably benefit from an investment in the Offered Shares based on the investors overall investment objectives and portfolio structure, (B) the investor is able to bear
19
the economic risk of the investment based on the investors overall financial situation, and (C) the investor has an apparent understanding of (i) the fundamental risks of the investment, (ii) the risk that the investor may lose his entire investment in the Offered Shares, (iii) the lack of liquidity of the Offered Shares, (iv) the restrictions on transferability of the Offered Shares, (v) the background and qualifications of the Companys sponsor or the persons responsible for directing and managing the Company, and (vi) the tax consequences of an investment in the Offered Shares. The Dealer Manager further represents, warrants and covenants that the Dealer Manager, or a person associated with the Dealer Manager, will make every reasonable effort to determine the suitability and appropriateness of an investment in Offered Shares of each proposed investor by reviewing documents and records disclosing the basis upon which the determination as to suitability was reached as to each purchaser of Offered Shares pursuant to a subscription solicited by the Dealer Manager, whether such documents and records relate to accounts which have been closed, accounts which are currently maintained, or accounts hereafter established. The Dealer Manager agrees to retain such documents and records in the Dealer Managers records for a period of six years from the date of the applicable sale of Offered Shares and to make such documents and records available to (i) the Company upon request, and (ii) representatives of the Commission, FINRA and applicable state securities administrators upon the Dealer Managers receipt of an appropriate document subpoena or other appropriate request for documents from any such agency. The Dealer Manager shall not purchase any Offered Shares for a discretionary account without obtaining the prior written approval of the Dealer Managers customer and his or her signature on a Subscription Agreement.
14.2 The Dealer Manager agrees, and in its agreements with Selected Dealers the Dealer Manager will require that the Selected Dealers to agree, (a) to abide by and comply with (i) the privacy standards and requirements of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (GLB Act) and Regulation S-P, (ii) the privacy standards and requirements of any other applicable Federal or state law, and (iii) its own internal privacy policies and procedures, each as may be amended from time to time; (b) to refrain from the use or disclosure of nonpublic personal information (as defined under the GLB Act) of all customers who have opted out of such disclosures except as necessary to service the customers or as otherwise necessary or required by applicable law; and (c) to determine which customers have opted out of the disclosure of nonpublic personal information by periodically reviewing and, if necessary, retrieving a list of such customers (the List) as provided by each to identify customers that have exercised their opt-out rights.
In the event the Dealer Manager uses or discloses nonpublic personal information of any customer for purposes other than servicing the customer, or as otherwise required by applicable law, the Dealer Manager will consult the List to determine whether the affected customer has exercised his or her opt-out rights. The Dealer Manager understands that it is prohibited from using or disclosing any nonpublic personal information of any customer that is identified on the List as having opted out of such disclosures.
15. Notices.
Any notice, approval, request, authorization, direction or other communication under this Agreement shall be deemed given (a) when delivered personally, (b) on the first business day after delivery to a national overnight courier service, (c) upon receipt of confirmation if sent via
20
facsimile, or (d) on the fifth business day after deposited in the United States mail, properly addressed and stamped with the required postage, registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, in each case to the intended recipient at the address set forth below:
If to the Company: | FS Investment Corporation | |
Cira Centre | ||
2929 Arch Street, Suite 675 | ||
Philadelphia, PA 19104-2867 | ||
Facsimile: (215) 495-1189 | ||
Attention: Michael C. Forman | ||
If to the Adviser: | FB Income Advisor, LLC | |
Cira Centre | ||
2929 Arch Street, Suite 675 | ||
Philadelphia, PA 19104-2867 | ||
Facsimile: (215) 495-1189 | ||
Attention: Michael C. Forman | ||
If to the Dealer Manager: | FS2 Capital Partners, LLC | |
801 North Orange Avenue, Suite 815 | ||
Orlando, FL 30801 | ||
Facsimile: (407) 373-0604 | ||
Attention: Scott E. Larson |
Any party may change its address specified above by giving the other party notice of such change in accordance with this Section 15.
21
If the foregoing correctly sets forth our understanding, please indicate your acceptance thereof in the space provided below for that purpose, whereupon this letter and your acceptance shall constitute a binding agreement between us as of the date first above written.
Very truly yours, | ||
COMPANY | ||
FS INVESTMENT CORPORATION | ||
By: |
| |
Michael C. Forman | ||
Chief Executive Officer | ||
ADVISER | ||
FB INCOME ADVISOR, LLC | ||
By: |
| |
Michael C. Forman | ||
Chief Executive Officer |
Accepted and agreed as of the date first above written: | ||
DEALER MANAGER | ||
FS2 CAPITAL PARTNERS, LLC | ||
By: |
| |
Scott E. Larson | ||
President |
22
EXHIBIT A
FORM OF SELECTED DEALER AGREEMENT
FS INVESTMENT CORPORATION
Up to $1,500,000,000 in Shares of Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share
FORM OF SELECTED DEALER AGREEMENT
Dated: , 200
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Subject to the terms described hereinbelow, FS2 Capital Partners, LLC, as the dealer manager (Dealer Manager) for FS Investment Corporation, a Maryland corporation (the Company), invites you (Selected Dealer) to participate in the distribution, on a best efforts basis, of up to $1,500,000,000 in shares of common stock of the Company, $0.001 par value per share (the Common Stock), to be issued and sold to the public on a best efforts basis (the Offered Shares) at an initial offering price of $10.00 per share (subject in certain circumstances to discounts based upon the volume of shares purchased) as set forth in the registration statement on Form N-2 filed by the Company (File No. 333-149374), which includes the Companys prospectus, as amended or supplemented (the Prospectus).
I. Dealer Manager Agreement
FB Income Advisor, LLC is the investment adviser of the Company (the Adviser). The Dealer Manager has entered into a dealer manager agreement with the Company and the Adviser dated [ ], 2008, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the Dealer Manager Agreement). Upon effectiveness of this Selected Dealer Agreement (this Agreement) pursuant to Section XIV below, you will become one of the Selected Dealers referred to in the Dealer Manager Agreement and will be entitled and subject to the provisions contained in the Dealer Manager Agreement, including the provisions of the Dealer Manager Agreement wherein each of the Selected Dealers severally agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, the Adviser, the Dealer Manager and their respective officers, directors, employees, members, partners, agents and representatives, and each person, if any, who controls such entity within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act) or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). Except as otherwise set forth herein, capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings given them in the Dealer Manager Agreement. The Offered Shares are offered solely through broker-dealers who are members in good standing of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA).
(a) Selected Dealer hereby agrees to use its best efforts to sell the Offered Shares for cash on the terms and conditions stated in the Companys Prospectus. Nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed or construed to make Selected Dealer an employee, agent, representative, partner of the Dealer Manager, the Company or the Adviser, and Selected Dealer is not authorized to act for the Dealer Manager, the Company or the Adviser or to make any
representations on their behalf except as set forth in the Prospectus and any printed sales literature or other materials prepared by the Company, the Adviser or the Dealer Manager, provided that the use of said sales literature and other materials has been approved for use by the Company in writing and all appropriate regulatory agencies (the Authorized Sales Materials). In the event that the Company uses printed materials in connection with the Offering prepared by the Company, the Adviser or the Dealer Manager intended for broker-dealer use only, Selected Dealer shall use such broker-dealer use only materials in accordance with Section VII below.
II. Submission of Orders
Each person desiring to purchase Offered Shares in the Offering will be required to complete and execute a Subscription Agreement in the form attached as an Appendix to the Prospectus and to deliver to the Selected Dealer or Dealer Manager, as the case may be (the Processing Broker-Dealer), such completed Subscription Agreement, together with a check, draft, wire or money order (hereinafter referred to as a Subscription Payment) for the purchase price of the Offered Shares, subject to any discount that may apply based upon the volume of Offered Shares purchased pursuant to the schedule of discounts and procedures specified in the Prospectus. There shall be a minimum initial purchase by any one purchaser of $5,000 in Offered Shares (except as otherwise indicated in the Prospectus, or in any letter or memorandum from the Company to the Dealer Manager). Minimum subsequent purchases of Offered Shares shall be $500 per transaction. Persons who purchase Offered Shares shall make their checks payable to UMB Bank, N.A., as agent for FS Investment Corporation. Each person desiring to purchase Offered Shares in the Offering must submit subscriptions for a certain dollar amount, rather than a number of Offered Shares.
The Processing Broker-Dealer receiving a Subscription Agreement and Subscription Payment not conforming to the foregoing instructions shall return such Subscription Agreement and Subscription Payment directly to such subscriber not later than the end of the second business day following receipt by the Processing Broker-Dealer of such materials. Subscription Agreements and Subscription Payments received by the Processing Broker-Dealer which conform to the foregoing instructions shall be transmitted for deposit pursuant to one of the methods described in this Section II. If the Selected Dealer is a $250,000 broker-dealer, the Dealer Manager may authorize the Selected Dealer to instruct its customers to make its check for Offered Shares subscribed for payable directly to the Selected Dealer, in which case the Selected Dealer will collect the proceeds of the subscribers check and issue a check for the aggregate amount of the subscription proceeds made payable to the order of UMB Bank, N.A., as agent for FS Investment Corporation. Selected Dealer hereby agrees to be bound by the terms of the Escrow Agreement, dated [ ], 2008 (the Escrow Agreement), by and among the Escrow Agent and the Company.
(a) If the Processing Broker-Dealer conducts its internal supervisory review at the same location at which Subscription Agreements and Subscription Payments are received from subscribers, then, by noon of the next business day following receipt by the Processing Broker-Dealer, the Processing Broker-Dealer will transmit the Subscription Agreements and Subscription Payment to the Companys transfer agent, DST Systems, Inc. (the Transfer Agent) for deposit with the Escrow Agent.
2
(b) If the Processing Broker-Dealer conducts its internal supervisory review at a different location (the Final Review Office), Subscription Agreements and Subscription Payments will be transmitted by the Processing Broker-Dealer to the Final Review Office by noon of the next business day following receipt by the Processing Broker-Dealer. The Final Review Office will in turn by noon of the next business day following receipt by the Final Review Office, transmit such Subscription Agreements and Subscription Payment to the Transfer Agent for deposit with the Escrow Agent.
Selected Dealer understands that the Company reserves the unconditional right to reject any order for any or no reason.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Offered Shares to be purchased by a custodial account, the Processing Broker-Dealer shall cause the custodian of such account to deliver a completed Subscription Agreement and Subscription Payment for such account directly to the Transfer Agent. The Processing Broker-Dealer shall furnish with each delivery of Subscription Payments a list of the subscribers showing the name, address, tax identification number, state of residence, amount of Offered Shares subscribed for, and the amount of money paid.
III. Pricing
Except for volume discounts described in or as otherwise provided in the Plan of Distribution section of the Prospectus, the Offered Shares shall be offered to the public at an initial offering price of $10.00 per Offered Share payable in cash. Except as otherwise indicated in the Prospectus or in any letter or memorandum sent to Selected Dealer by the Company or Dealer Manager, a minimum initial purchase of $5,000 in Offered Shares is required. Minimum subsequent purchases of Offered Shares shall be $500 per transaction. After meeting the $2,500,000 minimum offering requirement, the Company will sell the Offered Shares on a continuous basis at a price of $10.00 per Offered Share, subject to any adjustment to ensure that Offered Shares are not sold at a price, after deduction of selling commissions and the dealer manager fee, that is below net asset value per Offered Share. Each person desiring to purchase Offered Shares in the Offering must submit subscriptions for a certain dollar amount, rather than a number of Offered Shares and, as a result, may receive fractional Offered Shares.
The Offered Shares are nonassessable. Selected Dealer hereby agrees to place any order for the full purchase price except as otherwise provided in the Prospectus for volume discounts based upon the number of Offered Shares purchased by a subscriber through Selected Dealer.
IV. Selected Dealers Compensation
Subject to volume discounts and other special circumstances described in or as otherwise provided in the The Offering section of the Prospectus, Selected Dealers selling commission applicable to the total public offering price of Offered Shares sold by Selected Dealer which it is authorized to sell hereunder is 7.0% of the gross proceeds of Offered Shares sold by it and accepted and confirmed by the Company, which commission will be paid by the Dealer Manager. For these purposes, a sale of Offered Shares shall occur following the release from escrow the Offering proceeds received in connection with the sale of the minimum number of
3
Offered Shares as set forth on the cover page of the Prospectus, and, if and only if, a transaction has closed with a securities purchaser pursuant to all applicable offering and subscription documents and the Company has thereafter distributed the commission to the Dealer Manager in connection with such transaction. Selected Dealer hereby waives any and all rights to receive payment of commissions due until such time as the Dealer Manager is in receipt of the commission from the Company. Selected Dealer affirms that the Dealer Managers liability for commissions payable is limited solely to the proceeds of commissions receivable associated therewith. In addition, as set forth in the Prospectus, the Dealer Manager, in its sole discretion, may reallow a portion of the Dealer Manager Fee to Selected Dealer as marketing fees or to defray other distribution-related expenses, which reallowance, if any, shall be determined by the Dealer Manager in its sole discretion based on factors including, but not limited to, the number of shares sold by Selected Dealer, the assistance of Selected Dealer in marketing the offering and due diligence expenses incurred, and the extent to which similar fees are reallowed to selected broker-dealers in similar offerings being conducted during the Offering. Such reallowance shall be described in Schedule 1 to this Agreement.
Selected Dealer acknowledges and agrees that no commissions, payments or amount whatsoever will be paid to Selected Dealer in respect of the purchase of Offered Shares by a Selected Dealer (or its registered representative), in its individual capacity, or by a retirement plan of such Selected Dealer (or its registered representative), or by an officer, director or employee of the Company, the Adviser or their respective affiliates.
The parties hereby agree that the foregoing commission is not in excess of the usual and customary distributors or sellers commission received in the sale of securities similar to the Offered Shares, that Selected Dealers interest in the offering is limited to such commission from the Dealer Manager and Selected Dealers indemnity referred to in Section 5 of the Dealer Manager Agreement, and that the Company is not liable or responsible for the direct payment of such commission to Selected Dealer. In addition, as set forth in the Prospectus, the Dealer Manager may reimburse the Selected Dealers up to 0.5% of gross proceeds for the Offered Shares for bona fide due diligence expenses incurred by such Selected Dealers. Selected Dealer shall provide a detailed and itemized invoice for any such due diligence expenses.
V. Payment
Payments of selling commissions will be made by the Dealer Manager (or by the Company as the agent of the Dealer Manager, as provided in the Dealer Manager Agreement) to Selected Dealer within 30 days of the receipt by the Dealer Manager of the gross commission payments from the Company.
Selected Dealer, in its sole discretion, may authorize Dealer Manager (or the Company as the agent of the Dealer Manager, as provided in the Dealer Manager Agreement) to deposit selling commissions, reallowances and other payments due to it pursuant to this Agreement directly to its bank account. If Selected Dealer so elects, Selected Dealer shall provide such deposit authorization and instructions in Schedule 2 to this Agreement.
4
VI. Right to Reject Orders or Cancel Sales
All orders, whether initial or additional, are subject to acceptance by and shall only become effective upon confirmation by the Company, which reserves the right to reject any order for any or no reason. Orders not accompanied by a Subscription Agreement and executed signature page thereto and the required Subscription Payment for the Offered Shares may be rejected. Issuance and delivery of the Offered Shares will be made only after actual receipt of payment therefor. If any Subscription Payment is not paid upon presentment, or if the Company is not in actual receipt of clearinghouse funds or cash, certified or cashiers check or the equivalent in payment for the Offered Shares within 15 days of sale, the Company reserves the right to cancel the sale without notice. In the event an order is rejected, canceled or rescinded for any reason, Selected Dealer agrees to return to the Dealer Manager any commission or Dealer Manager Fee theretofore paid with respect to such order, and, if Selected Dealer fails to so return any such commission or Dealer Manager, the Dealer Manager shall have the right to offset amounts owed against future commissions or Dealer Manager Fees due and otherwise payable to Selected Dealer.
VII. Prospectus and Authorized Sales Materials
Selected Dealer is not authorized or permitted to give, and will not give, any information or make any representation (written or oral) concerning the Offered Shares except as set forth in the Prospectus and the Authorized Sales Materials. The Dealer Manager will supply Selected Dealer with reasonable quantities of the Prospectus, any supplements thereto and any amended Prospectus, as well as any Authorized Sales Materials, for delivery to investors, and Selected Dealer will deliver a copy of the Prospectus and all supplements thereto and any amended Prospectus to each investor to whom an offer is made prior to or simultaneously with the first solicitation of an offer to sell the Offered Shares to an investor. Selected Dealer agrees that it will not send or give any supplements to the Prospectus, any amended Prospectus or any Authorized Sales Materials to that investor unless it has previously sent or given a Prospectus and all supplements thereto and any amended Prospectus to that investor or has simultaneously sent or given a Prospectus and all supplements thereto and any amended Prospectus with such Prospectus supplement, amended Prospectus or Authorized Sales Materials. Selected Dealer agrees that it will not show or give to any investor or prospective investor or reproduce any material or writing which is supplied to it by the Dealer Manager and marked broker-dealer use only or otherwise bearing a legend denoting that it is not to be used in connection with the offer or sale of Offered Shares to members of the public. Selected Dealer agrees that it will not use in connection with the offer or sale of Offered Shares any materials or writings which have not been previously approved by the Company other than the Prospectus and the Authorized Sales Materials. Selected Dealer agrees to furnish a copy of any revised preliminary Prospectus to each person to whom it has furnished a copy of any previous preliminary Prospectus, and further agrees that it will itself mail or otherwise deliver all preliminary and final Prospectuses required for compliance with the provisions of Rule 15c2-8 under the Exchange Act. Regardless of the termination of this Agreement, Selected Dealer will deliver a Prospectus in transactions in the Offered Shares for a period of 90 days from the Effective Date of the Registration Statement or such longer period as may be required by the Exchange Act. Selected Dealer agrees to comply with all the applicable requirements under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act in offering and selling Offered Shares.
5
VIII. License and Association Membership
Selected Dealers acceptance of this Agreement constitutes a representation to the Company and the Dealer Manager that Selected Dealer is a properly registered or licensed broker-dealer, duly authorized to sell Offered Shares under Federal and state securities laws and regulations in all states where it offers or sells Offered Shares, and that it is a member in good standing of FINRA. Selected Dealer represents and warrants that it is currently licensed as a broker-dealer in the jurisdictions identified on Schedule 3 to this Agreement. This Agreement shall automatically terminate if Selected Dealer ceases to be a member in good standing of FINRA or with the securities commission of the state in which the Selected Dealers principal office is located. Selected Dealer agrees to notify the Dealer Manager immediately if Selected Dealer ceases to be a member in good standing of FINRA or with the securities commission of any state in which the Selected Dealer is currently registered or licensed, or in the case of a foreign dealer, so to conform. Selected Dealer also hereby agrees to abide by the conduct rules set forth in the FINRA rulebook (FINRA Rules), including, without limitation, FINRA Rules 2340, 2420, 2740 and 2750.
IX. Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Programs
Selected Dealers acceptance of this Dealer Agreement constitutes a representation to the Company and the Dealer Manager that Selected Dealer has established and implemented an anti-money laundering compliance program (AML Program) in accordance with applicable law, including applicable FINRA Rules, Securities and Exchange Commission Rules (the Commission Rules) and the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act (USA PATRIOT Act) of 2001, as amended by the USA Patriot Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 (the USA PATRIOT Act), specifically including, but not limited to, Section 352 of the International Money Laundering Abatement and Anti-Terrorist Financing Act of 2001 (the Money Laundering Abatement Act, and together with the USA PATRIOT Act, the AML Rules), reasonably expected to detect and cause the reporting of suspicious transactions in connection with the sale of Offered Shares. In addition, Selected Dealer represents that it has established and implemented a program for compliance with Executive Order 13224 and all regulations and programs administered by the Treasury Departments Office of foreign Assets Control regulations and programs administered by the Treasury Departments Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC Program) and will continue to maintain its OFAC Program during the term of this Agreement. Upon request by the Dealer Manager at any time, Selected Dealer hereby agrees to (i) furnish a written copy of its AML Program and OFAC Program to the Dealer Manager for review, and (ii) furnish a copy of the findings and any remedial actions taken in connection with Selected Dealers most recent independent testing of its AML Program and/or its OFAC Program.
The parties acknowledge that for the purposes of FINRA Rules, the investors who purchase Offered Shares through Selected Dealer are customers of Selected Dealer and not the Dealer Manager. Nonetheless, to the extent that the Dealer Manager deems it prudent, Selected Dealer shall cooperate with the Dealer Managers reasonable requests for information, records and data related to the Companys stockholders introduced to, and serviced by, Selected Dealer (the Customers). Notwithstanding the foregoing, Selected Dealer shall not be required to
6
provide to the Dealer Manager any documentation that, in Selected Dealers reasonable judgment, would cause Selected Dealer to lose the benefit of attorney-client privilege or other privilege which it may be entitled to assert relating to the discoverability of documents in any civil or criminal proceedings. Selected Dealer hereby represents that it is currently in compliance with all AML Rules and all OFAC requirements, specifically including, but not limited to, the Customer Identification Program requirements under Section 326 of the USA PATRIOT Act. Selected Dealer hereby agrees, upon request by the Dealer Manager to (A) provide an annual certification to Dealer Manager that, as of the date of such certification (i) its AML Program and its OFAC Program are consistent with the AML Rules and OFAC requirements; (ii) it has continued to implement its AML Program and its OFAC Program, and (iii) it is currently in compliance with all AML Rules and OFAC requirements, specifically including, but not limited to, the Customer Identification Program requirements under Section 326 of the USA PATRIOT Act; and (B) perform and carry out, on behalf of both the Dealer Manager and the Company, the Customer Identification Program requirements in accordance with Section 326 of the USA PATRIOT Act and applicable SEC and Treasury Department Rules thereunder.
X. Limitation of Offer; Suitability
Selected Dealer will offer Offered Shares only to persons who meet the suitability standards set forth in the Prospectus or in any suitability letter or memorandum sent to it by the Company or the Dealer Manager and will only make offers to persons in the jurisdictions in which it is advised in writing that the Offered Shares are qualified for sale or that such qualification is not required. Notwithstanding the qualification of the Offered Shares for sale in any respective jurisdiction (or the exemption therefrom), Selected Dealer represents, warrants and covenants that it will not offer Offered Shares and will not permit any of its registered representatives to offer Offered Shares in any jurisdiction unless both the Selected Dealer and such registered representative are duly licensed to transact securities business in such jurisdiction. In offering Offered Shares, Selected Dealer will comply with the provisions of FINRA Rules, as well as all other applicable rules and regulations relating to suitability of investors.
Selected Dealer further represents, warrants and covenants that neither Selected Dealer, nor any person associated with Selected Dealer, shall offer or sell Offered Shares in any jurisdiction except to investors who satisfy the investor suitability standards and minimum investment requirements under the most restrictive of the following: (1) applicable provisions described in the Prospectus, including minimum income and net worth standards; (2) applicable laws of the jurisdiction of which such investor is a resident; or (3) applicable FINRA Rules. Selected Dealer agrees to ensure that, in recommending the purchase, sale or exchange of Offered Shares to an investor, Selected Dealer, or a person associated with Selected Dealer, shall have reasonable grounds to believe, on the basis of information obtained from the investor (and thereafter maintained in the manner and for the period required by the Commission, any state securities commission, FINRA or the Company) concerning his age, investment objectives, other investments, financial situation and needs, and any other information known to Selected Dealer, or person associated with Selected Dealer, that (A) the investor can reasonably benefit from an investment in the Offered Shares based on the investors overall investment objectives and portfolio structure, (B) the investor is able to bear the economic risk of the investment based on
7
the investors overall financial situation, and (C) the investor has an apparent understanding of (i) the fundamental risks of the investment, (ii) the risk that the investor may lose his entire investment in the Offered Shares, (iii) the lack of liquidity of the Offered Shares, (iv) the restrictions on transferability of the Offered Shares, (v) the background and qualifications of the Companys sponsor or the persons responsible for directing and managing the Company, and (vi) the tax consequences of an investment in the Offered Shares. Selected Dealer further represents, warrants and covenants that Selected Dealer, or a person associated with Selected Dealer, will make every reasonable effort to determine the suitability and appropriateness of an investment in Offered Shares of each proposed investor by reviewing documents and records disclosing the basis upon which the determination as to suitability was reached as to each purchaser of Offered Shares pursuant to a subscription solicited by Selected Dealer, whether such documents and records relate to accounts which have been closed, accounts which are currently maintained, or accounts hereafter established. Selected Dealer agrees to retain such documents and records in Selected Dealers records for a period of six years from the date of the applicable sale of Offered Shares, to otherwise comply with the record keeping requirements provided in Section XII below and to make such documents and records available to (i) the Dealer Manager and the Company upon request, and (ii) representatives of the Commission, FINRA and applicable state securities administrators upon Selected Dealers receipt of an appropriate document subpoena or other appropriate request for documents from any such agency. Selected Dealer shall not purchase any Offered Shares for a discretionary account without obtaining the prior written approval of Selected Dealers customer and his or her signature on a Subscription Agreement.
XI. Due Diligence; Adequate Disclosure
Prior to offering the Offered Shares for sale, Selected Dealer shall have conducted an inquiry such that Selected Dealer has reasonable grounds to believe, based on information made available to Selected Dealer by the Company or the Dealer Manager through the Prospectus or other materials, that all material facts are adequately and accurately disclosed and provide a basis for evaluating a purchase of Offered Shares. In determining the adequacy of disclosed facts pursuant to the foregoing, Selected Dealer may obtain, upon request, information on material facts relating at a minimum to the following: (1) items of compensation; (2) tax aspects; (3) financial stability and experience of the Company and its Adviser; (4) conflicts and risk factors; and (5) other pertinent reports. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Selected Dealer may rely upon the results of an inquiry conducted by an independent third party retained for that purpose or another Selected Dealer, provided that: (1) such Selected Dealer has reasonable grounds to believe that such inquiry was conducted with due care by said independent third party or such other Selected Dealer; (2) the results of the inquiry were provided to Selected Dealer with the consent of the other Selected Dealer conducting or directing the inquiry; and (3) no Selected Dealer that participated in the inquiry is an affiliate of the Company or its Adviser. Prior to the sale of the Offered Shares, Selected Dealer shall inform each prospective purchaser of Offered Shares of pertinent facts relating to the Offered Shares including specifically the lack of liquidity and lack of marketability of the Offered Shares during the term of the investment but shall not, in any event, make any representation on behalf of the Company or the Adviser except as set forth in the Prospectus and any Authorized Sales Materials.
8
XII. Compliance with Record Keeping Requirements
Selected Dealer agrees to comply with the record keeping requirements of the Exchange Act, including but not limited to, Rules 17a-3 and 17a-4 promulgated under the Exchange Act. Selected Dealer further agrees to keep such records with respect to each customer who purchases Offered Shares, his suitability and the amount of Offered Shares sold, and to retain such records for such period of time as may be required by the Commission, any state securities commission, FINRA or the Company.
XIII. Customer Complaints
Each party hereby agrees to provide to the other party copies of any written or otherwise documented customer complaints received by such party relating in any way to the Offering (including, but not limited to, the manner in which the Offered Shares are offered by the Dealer Manager or the Selected Dealer), the Offered Shares or the Company.
XIV. Effective Date
This Agreement will become effective upon the last date it is signed by either party hereto. Upon effectiveness of this Agreement, all offers and sales of Offered Shares by the Selected Dealer will be made pursuant to this Agreement exclusively and not through any prior agreement between Selected Dealer and the Dealer Manager, if any.
XV. Termination; Amendment
Selected Dealer will immediately suspend or terminate its offer and sale of Offered Shares upon the request of the Company or the Dealer Manager at any time and will resume its offer and sale of Offered Shares hereunder upon subsequent request of the Company or the Dealer Manager. Any party may terminate this Agreement by written notice. Such notice shall be effective 48 hours after the mailing of such notice. This Agreement and the exhibits and schedules hereto are the entire agreement of the parties and supersedes all prior agreements, if any, between the parties hereto.
This Agreement may be amended at any time by the Dealer Manager by written notice to Selected Dealer, and any such amendment shall be deemed accepted by Selected Dealer upon placing an order for sale of Offered Shares after it has received such notice.
Notwithstanding the termination of this Agreement or the payment of any amount to Selected Dealer, Selected Dealer agrees to pay Selected Dealers proportionate share of any claim, demand or liability asserted against Selected Dealer and the other Selected Dealers on the basis that the Selected Dealers or any of them constitute an association, unincorporated business or other separate entity, including in each case Selected Dealers proportionate share of any expenses incurred in defending against any such claim, demand or liability.
XVI. Privacy Laws
The Dealer Manager and Selected Dealer (each referred to individually in this section as a party) agree as follows:
(a) Each party agrees to abide by and comply with (i) the privacy standards and requirements of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (GLB Act) and Regulation S-P; (ii) the privacy standards and requirements of any other applicable Federal or state law; and (iii) its own internal privacy policies and procedures, each as may be amended from time to time;
9
(b) Each party agrees to refrain from the use or disclosure of nonpublic personal information (as defined under the GLB Act) of all customers who have opted out of such disclosures except as necessary to service the customers or as otherwise necessary or required by applicable law; and
(c) Each party shall be responsible for determining which customers have opted out of the disclosure of nonpublic personal information by periodically reviewing and, if necessary, retrieving a list of such customers (the List) as provided by each to identify customers that have exercised their opt-out rights. In the event either party uses or discloses nonpublic personal information of any customer for purposes other than servicing the customer, or as otherwise required by applicable law, that party will consult the List to determine whether the affected customer has exercised his or her opt-out rights. Each party understands that each is prohibited from using or disclosing any nonpublic personal information of any customer that is identified on the List as having opted out of such disclosures.
XVII. Notice
All notices will be in writing and will be duly given to the Dealer Manager when mailed to FS2 Capital Partners, LLC, 801 N. Orange Avenue, Suite 815, Orlando, Florida 30801, and to Selected Dealer when mailed to the address specified by Selected Dealer below.
XVIII. Attorneys Fees; Applicable Law and Venue
This Agreement and any claim, counterclaim or dispute of any kind or nature whatsoever arising out of or in any way relating to this Agreement, directly or indirectly, shall be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware applicable to contracts formed and to be formed entirely within the State of Delaware, without regard to the conflicts of laws principles and rules thereof, to the extent such principles would require or permit the application of the laws of another jurisdiction.
[Signatures Appear on Following Pages]
10
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed on its behalf by its duly authorized agent.
DEALER MANAGER | ||
FS2 CAPITAL PARTNERS, LLC | ||
By: |
| |
Scott E. Larson | ||
President |
We have read the foregoing Agreement and we hereby accept and agree to the terms and conditions therein set forth. We hereby represent that the jurisdictions identified below represent a true and correct list of all jurisdictions in which we are registered or licensed as a broker or dealer and are fully authorized to sell securities, and we agree to advise you of any change in such list during the term of this Agreement.
1. Identity of Selected Dealer:
Full Legal Name: |
|
(to be completed by Selected Dealer) |
Type of Entity: |
|
(to be completed by Selected Dealer) |
Organized in the State of: |
|
(to be completed by Selected Dealer) |
Tax Identification Number: |
|
(to be completed by Selected Dealer) |
FINRA/CRD Number: |
|
(to be completed by Selected Dealer) |
2. Any notice under this Agreement will be deemed given pursuant to Section XVII hereof when delivered to Selected Dealer as follows:
Company Name: |
| |||
Attention to: |
| |||
(Name) | ||||
| ||||
(Title) | ||||
Street Address: |
| |||
City, State and Zip Code: |
| |||
Telephone No.: | ( ) | |||
Facsimile No.: | ( ) | |||
Email Address: |
|
Accepted and agreed as of the date below: | ||
SELECTED DEALER | ||
| ||
(Print Name of Selected Dealer) | ||
By: |
| |
Name: |
| |
Title: |
| |
Date: |
|
SCHEDULE 1
TO
SELECTED DEALER AGREEMENT WITH
FS2 CAPITAL PARTNERS, LLC (DEALER MANAGER)
NAME OF ISSUER: | FS INVESTMENT CORPORATION |
NAME OF SELECTED DEALER: |
|
SCHEDULE TO AGREEMENT DATED: |
|
As marketing fees and to defray other distribution-related expenses, the Dealer Manager will pay basis points of the gross cash proceeds on all sales generated by Selected Dealer pursuant to Section IV of this Selected Dealer Agreement. These amounts are in addition to the selling commissions provided for in Section IV of this Selected Dealer Agreement and will be due and payable at the same time as the selling commissions, as more fully described in Section V hereof.
DEALER MANAGER | ||
FS2 CAPITAL PARTNERS, LLC | ||
By: |
| |
Scott E. Larson | ||
President |
SELECTED DEALER | ||
| ||
(Print Name of Selected Dealer) | ||
By: |
| |
Name: |
| |
Title: |
|
SCHEDULE 2
TO
SELECTED DEALER AGREEMENT WITH
FS2 CAPITAL PARTNERS, LLC (DEALER MANAGER)
NAME OF ISSUER: | FS INVESTMENT CORPORATION |
NAME OF SELECTED DEALER: |
|
SCHEDULE TO AGREEMENT DATED: |
|
Selected Dealer hereby authorizes the Dealer Manager or its agent to deposit selling commissions, reallowances and other payments due to it pursuant to the Selected Dealer Agreement to its bank account specified below. This authority will remain in force until Selected Dealer notifies the Dealer Manager in writing to cancel it. In the event that the Dealer Manager deposits funds erroneously into Selected Dealers account, the Dealer Manager is authorized to debit the account with no prior notice to Selected Dealer for an amount not to exceed the amount of the erroneous deposit.
Bank Name: |
| |
Bank Address: |
| |
Bank Routing Number: |
| |
Account Number: |
|
SELECTED DEALER | ||
| ||
(Print Name of Selected Dealer) | ||
By: |
| |
Name: |
| |
Title: |
| |
Date: |
|
SCHEDULE 3
TO
SELECTED DEALER AGREEMENT WITH
FS2 CAPITAL PARTNERS, LLC
Selected Dealer represents and warrants that it is currently licensed as a broker-dealer in the following jurisdictions:
¨ | Alabama | ¨ | Montana | |||
¨ | Alaska | ¨ | Nebraska | |||
¨ | Arizona | ¨ | Nevada | |||
¨ | Arkansas | ¨ | New Hampshire | |||
¨ | California | ¨ | New Jersey | |||
¨ | Colorado | ¨ | New Mexico | |||
¨ | Connecticut | ¨ | New York | |||
¨ | Delaware | ¨ | North Carolina | |||
¨ | District of Columbia | ¨ | North Dakota | |||
¨ | Florida | ¨ | Ohio | |||
¨ | Georgia | ¨ | Oklahoma | |||
¨ | Hawaii | ¨ | Oregon | |||
¨ | Idaho | ¨ | Pennsylvania | |||
¨ | Illinois | ¨ | Rhode Island | |||
¨ | Indiana | ¨ | South Carolina | |||
¨ | Iowa | ¨ | South Dakota | |||
¨ | Kansas | ¨ | Tennessee | |||
¨ | Kentucky | ¨ | Texas | |||
¨ | Louisiana | ¨ | Utah | |||
¨ | Maine | ¨ | Vermont | |||
¨ | Maryland | ¨ | Virginia | |||
¨ | Massachusetts | ¨ | Washington | |||
¨ | Michigan | ¨ | West Virginia | |||
¨ | Minnesota | ¨ | Wisconsin | |||
¨ | Mississippi | ¨ | Wyoming | |||
¨ | Missouri |
EXHIBIT B
QUALIFIED JURISDICTIONS
AS OF , 2008
¨ | Alabama | ¨ | Montana | |||
¨ | Alaska | ¨ | Nebraska | |||
¨ | Arizona | ¨ | Nevada | |||
¨ | Arkansas | ¨ | New Hampshire | |||
¨ | California | ¨ | New Jersey | |||
¨ | Colorado | ¨ | New Mexico | |||
¨ | Connecticut | ¨ | New York | |||
¨ | Delaware | ¨ | North Carolina | |||
¨ | District of Columbia | ¨ | North Dakota | |||
¨ | Florida | ¨ | Ohio | |||
¨ | Georgia | ¨ | Oklahoma | |||
¨ | Hawaii | ¨ | Oregon | |||
¨ | Idaho | ¨ | Pennsylvania | |||
¨ | Illinois | ¨ | Rhode Island | |||
¨ | Indiana | ¨ | South Carolina | |||
¨ | Iowa | ¨ | South Dakota | |||
¨ | Kansas | ¨ | Tennessee | |||
¨ | Kentucky | ¨ | Texas | |||
¨ | Louisiana | ¨ | Utah | |||
¨ | Maine | ¨ | Vermont | |||
¨ | Maryland | ¨ | Virginia | |||
¨ | Massachusetts | ¨ | Washington | |||
¨ | Michigan | ¨ | West Virginia | |||
¨ | Minnesota | ¨ | Wisconsin | |||
¨ | Mississippi | ¨ | Wyoming | |||
¨ | Missouri |
Exhibit (k)
Standard Escrow Form
FORM OF ESCROW AGREEMENT
THIS Escrow Agreement (this Agreement) made and entered into as of this day of , 2008 by and among FS Investment Corporation, a Maryland Corporation (Company), and UMB Bank, N.A., as Escrow Agent, a national banking association organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America (the Escrow Agent).
RECITALS
WHEREAS, The Company proposes to offer and sell shares of common stock, on a best-efforts basis, of at least $2.5 million and up to $1.5 billion of gross offering proceeds at an initial purchase price of $10.00 per share (the Shares) to investors pursuant to the Companys Registration statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-149374), as amended from time to time (the Offering Document).
WHEREAS, The Company has agreed that the subscription price paid by subscribers for shares will be refunded to such subscribers if a minimum aggregate of $2.5 million of gross offering proceeds from persons who are not affiliated with the Company or FB Income Advisor, LLC (the Advisor) has not been raised within one year from the date the Offering Document becomes effective (the Closing Date,).
WHEREAS, the Company desires to establish an escrow account (the Escrow Account) as further described herein in which funds received from subscribers will be deposited and the Company desires that UMB Bank, N.A. act as Escrow Agent to the Escrow Account and Escrow Agent is willing to act in such capacity.
WHEREAS, The Company has engaged DST Systems (the Transfer Agent) to receive and facilitate subscriptions into and out of an escrow account as further described herein and to act as record keeper under an agreement between Company and the Transfer Agent (the Agency Agreement). For purposes of this Agreement the Agency Agreement is hereby incorporated by reference and the Transfer Agent shall not be considered to be a party to this Agreement and shall not be deemed to have any duties, obligations or liabilities under this Agreement but instead Transfer Agents duties, obligations and liabilities shall be as specified in the Agency Agreement.
WHEREAS, In order to subscribe for Shares, a subscriber must deliver the full amount of its subscription: (i) by check in U.S. dollars or (ii) by wire transfer of immediately available funds in U.S. dollars.
AGREEMENT
NOW, THEREFORE, Company and Escrow Agent agree to the terms of this Agreement as follows:
1. Commencement of Duties. On or prior to the commencement of the offering of Shares pursuant to the Offering Document, the Company shall establish the Escrow Account with the Escrow Agent. This Agreement shall be effective on the date on which the Escrow Agent shall receive funds from the Transfer Agent for deposit into the Escrow Account (the Escrowed Funds).
2. Operation of the Escrow.
(a) Deposits in the Escrow Account. The Transfer Agent will promptly deliver all monies received from subscribers for the payment of Shares to the Escrow Agent for deposit in the Escrow Account. Deposits shall be held in the Escrow Account until such funds are disbursed in accordance with this paragraph 2 hereof. Prior to disbursement of the funds deposited in the Escrow Account, such funds shall not be subject to claims by creditors of the Company or any of its affiliates. If any of the instruments of payment are returned to the Escrow Agent for nonpayment prior to receipt of the Escrow Break Affidavit (as described below), the Escrow Agent shall promptly notify the Transfer Agent and the Company in writing via mail, email or facsimile of such nonpayment, and is authorized to debit the Escrow Account, as applicable in the amount of such returned payment as well as any interest earned on the amount of such payment. The Transfer Agent will maintain a written account of each sale, which account shall set forth, among other things, the following information: (i) the subscribers name and address, (ii) the number of Shares purchased by such subscriber, and (iii) the amount paid by such subscriber for such Shares. During the escrow period neither the Company nor Transfer Agent will be entitled to any principal funds received into the Escrow Account.
(b) Distribution of the Escrowed Funds. If at any time on or prior to the Closing Date, an aggregate of at least $2.5 million of gross offering proceeds from persons who are not affiliated with the Company or the Advisor has been raised, then upon the happening of such event, the principal amount of the Escrowed Funds shall remain in the Escrow Account until the Escrow Agent receives written direction provided by the Company instructing the Escrow Agent to deliver the principal amount of such Escrowed Funds as the Company shall direct. An affidavit or certification from an officer of the Company to the Escrow Agent and Transfer Agent stating that at least $2.5 million of gross offering proceeds from persons who are not affiliated with the Company or the Advisor has been timely raised, shall constitute sufficient evidence for the purpose of this agreement that such event has occurred (the Break Escrow Affidavit). The Affidavit shall indicate (i) the date on which at least an aggregate of $2.5 million of gross offering proceeds from persons who are not affiliated with the Company or the Advisor has been raised (the Break Escrow Date) and (ii) the actual total number of Shares sold as of the Break Escrow Date. Thereafter, the Escrow Agent shall release funds from the Escrow Account as directed by the Company
2
pursuant to written instruction that the Company shall provide to the Escrow Agent from time to time. Upon the receipt of the Escrow Agent of the Break Escrow Affidavit, the Company hereby directs the Escrow Agent to deliver to PFPC Trust Company (the Custodian), as directed by the Company on the 1st business day of the month following the receipt of the Escrow Break Affidavit all of the principal and interest earned on such Escrowed Funds and the Escrow Agent shall from that point forward (the Post Escrow Break Period), transfer on the 1st business day of each month all principal and interest earned on the Escrowed Funds for the prior month to the Custodian, as directed by the Company. Additionally, the Company hereby directs the Escrow Agent to provide the Transfer Agent with all electronic files and information needed by the Transfer Agent to perform its duties as record keeper under its agreement between the Transfer Agent and the Company.
If the Escrow Agent has not received a Break Escrow Affidavit on or prior to the Closing Date, the Escrow Agent shall to return the Escrowed Funds to the Transfer Agent per written instructions for further delivery to the respective subscribers.
3. Escrowed Funds. Upon receipt of the Escrowed Funds, the Escrow Agent shall hold the Escrowed Funds in escrow pursuant to the terms of this Agreement. Until such time as the Escrowed Funds shall be distributed by the Escrow Agent as provided herein, the Escrowed Funds shall be invested and reinvested by the Escrow Agent in Federated Government Obligations Trust Shares money market fund.
The Escrow Agent shall be entitled to sell or redeem any such investment as necessary to make any distributions required under this Agreement and shall not be liable or responsible for any loss resulting from any such sale or redemption.
Income, if any, resulting from the investment of the Escrowed Funds shall be retained by the Escrow Agent, and shall be distributed according to this Agreement.
4. Duties of the Escrow Agent. The Escrow Agent shall have no duties or responsibilities other than those expressly set forth in this Agreement, and no implied duties or obligations shall be read into this Agreement against the Escrow Agent. The Escrow Agent is not a party to, or bound by, the any other agreement among the other parties hereto, and the Escrow Agents duties shall be determined solely by reference to this Agreement. The Escrow Agent shall have no duty to enforce any obligation of any person, other than as provided herein. The Escrow Agent shall be under no liability to anyone by reason of any failure on the part of any party hereto or any maker, endorser or other signatory of any document or any other person to perform such persons obligations under any such document.
5. Liability of the Escrow Agent; Indemnification. The Escrow Agent acts hereunder as a depository only. The Escrow Agent is not responsible or liable in any manner for the sufficiency, correctness, genuineness or validity of this Escrow Agreement or with respect to the form of execution of the same. The Escrow Agent shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted by it, or any action suffered by it to be taken or omitted, in good faith, and in the
3
exercise of its own best judgment, and may rely conclusively and shall be protected in acting upon any order, notice, demand, certificate, opinion or advice of counsel (including counsel chosen by the Escrow Agent), statement, instrument, report or other paper or document (not only as to its due execution and the validity and effectiveness of its provisions, but also as to the truth and acceptability of any information therein contained) which is believed by the Escrow Agent to be genuine and to be signed or presented by the proper person(s). The Escrow Agent shall not be held liable for any error in judgment made in good faith by an officer or employee of the Escrow Agent unless it shall be proved that the Escrow Agent was grossly negligent or reckless in ascertaining the pertinent facts or acted intentionally in bad faith. The Escrow Agent shall not be bound by any notice of demand, or any waiver, modification, termination or rescission of this Agreement or any of the terms hereof, unless evidenced by a writing delivered to the Escrow Agent signed by the proper party or parties and, if the duties or rights of the Escrow Agent are affected, unless it shall give its prior written consent thereto.
The Escrow Agent may consult legal counsel and shall exercise reasonable care in the selection of such counsel, in the event of any dispute or question as to the construction of any provisions hereof or its duties hereunder, and it shall incur no liability and shall be fully protected in acting in accordance with the reasonable opinion or instructions of such counsel.
The Escrow Agent shall not be responsible, may conclusively rely upon and shall be protected, indemnified and held harmless by the Company, for the sufficiency or accuracy of the form of, or the execution, validity, value or genuineness of any document or property received, held or delivered by it hereunder, or of the signature or endorsement thereon, or for any description therein; nor shall the Escrow Agent be responsible or liable in any respect on account of the identity, authority or rights of the persons executing or delivering or purporting to execute or deliver any document, property or this Agreement.
In the event that the Escrow Agent shall become involved in any arbitration or litigation relating to the Escrowed Funds, the Escrow Agent is authorized to comply with any decision reached through such arbitration or litigation.
The Company, hereby agrees to indemnify the Escrow Agent for, and to hold it harmless against any loss, liability or expense incurred in connection herewith without gross negligence, recklessness or willful misconduct on the part of the Escrow Agent, including without limitation legal or other fees arising out of or in connection with its entering into this Agreement and carrying out its duties hereunder, including without limitation the costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim of liability in the premises or any action for interpleader. The Escrow Agent shall be under no obligation to institute or defend any action, suit, or legal proceeding in connection herewith, unless first indemnified and held harmless to its satisfaction in accordance with the foregoing, except that the Escrow Agent shall not be indemnified against any loss, liability or expense arising out of its own gross negligence, recklessness or willful misconduct. Such indemnity shall survive the termination or discharge of this Agreement or resignation of the Escrow Agent.
6. The Escrow Agents Fee. Escrow Agent shall be entitled to fees and expenses for its regular services as Escrow Agent as set forth in Exhibit A. Additionally, Escrow Agent is entitled to reasonable fees for extraordinary services and reimbursement of any reasonable out of
4
pocket and extraordinary costs and expenses related to its obligations as Escrow Agent under this Agreement, including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys fees. All of the Escrow Agents compensation, costs and expenses shall be paid by the Company
7. Security Interests. No party to this Escrow Agreement shall grant a security interest in any monies or other property deposited with the Escrow Agent under this Escrow Agreement, or otherwise create a lien, encumbrance or other claim against such monies or borrow against the same.
8. Dispute. In the event of any disagreement between the undersigned or the person or persons named in the instructions contained in this Agreement, or any other person, resulting in adverse claims and demands being made in connection with or for any papers, money or property involved herein, or affected hereby, the Escrow Agent shall be entitled to refuse to comply with any demand or claim, as long as such disagreement shall continue, and in so refusing to make any delivery or other disposition of any money, papers or property involved or affected hereby, the Escrow Agent shall not be or become liable to the undersigned or to any person named in such instructions for its refusal to comply with such conflicting or adverse demands, and the Escrow Agent shall be entitled to refuse and refrain to act until: (a) The rights of the adverse claimants shall have been fully and finally adjudicated in a Court assuming and having jurisdiction of the parties and money, papers and property involved herein or affected hereby, or (b) All differences shall have been adjusted by agreement and the Escrow Agent shall have been notified thereof in writing, signed by all the interested parties.
9. Resignation of Escrow Agent. Escrow Agent may resign or be removed, at any time, for any reason, by written notice of its resignation or removal to the proper parties at their respective addresses as set forth herein, at least 60 days before the date specified for such resignation or removal to take effect; upon the effective date of such resignation or removal:
(a) All cash and other payments and all other property then held by the Escrow Agent hereunder shall be delivered by it to such successor escrow agent as may be designated in writing by the Company, whereupon the Escrow Agents obligations hereunder shall cease and terminate;
(b) If no such successor escrow agent has been designated by such date, all obligations of the Escrow Agent hereunder shall, nevertheless, cease and terminate, and the Escrow Agents sole responsibility thereafter shall be to keep all property then held by it and to deliver the same to a person designated in writing by the Company or in accordance with the directions of a final order or judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction.
(c) Further, if no such successor escrow agent has been designated by such date, the Escrow Agent may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor agent; further the Escrow Agent may pay into court all monies and property deposited with Escrow Agent under this Agreement.
5
10. Notices. All notices, demands and requests required or permitted to be given under the provisions hereof must be in writing and shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given, upon receipt, if (i) personally delivered, (ii) sent by telecopy and confirmed by phone or (iii) mailed by registered or certified mail, with return receipt requested, delivered as follows:
(1) If to Company: | FS Investment Corporation | |
2929 Arch Street, Suite 675 | ||
Philadelphia, PA 19104-2867 | ||
Telephone: (215) 495-1150 | ||
Facsimile: (215) 495-1189 | ||
Attn: Ryan D. Conley | ||
Company Wire Instructions: | ||
PFPC Trust Company | ||
ABA Routing Number: 031000053 | ||
Account Number: 8511088160 | ||
FFC Account Name: FS Investment Corporation | ||
FFC: 34012 0357095 | ||
Attn: Julie Whittaker | ||
(2) If to the Escrow Agent: | UMB Bank, N.A. | |
1010 Grand Blvd., 4th Floor | ||
Mail Stop: 1020409 | ||
Kanasas City, Missouri 64106 | ||
Attention: Lara Stevens, | ||
Corporate Trust | ||
Telephone: (816) 860-3017 | ||
Facsimile: (816) 860-3029 | ||
Escrow Agent Wiring Instructions: | ||
UMB Bank, N.A. | ||
ABA Routing Number: 101000695 | ||
Account Number: 9871737365 | ||
Checks Payable Information: | ||
UMB Bank as Agent for FS | ||
Investment Corporation | ||
(3) If to Dealer Manager: | FS2 Capital Partners, LLC | |
801 N. Orange Avenue, Suite 815 | ||
Orlando, FL 32801 | ||
Attention: VP Operations | ||
Telephone: (407) 373-0603 | ||
Facsimilie: (407) 373-0604 |
6
11. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of [Missouri] without regard to the principles of conflicts of law.
12. Binding Effect; Benefit. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the permitted successors and assigns of the parties hereto.
13. Modification. This Agreement may be amended, modified or terminated at any time by a writing executed by Company and the Escrow Agent.
14. Assignability. This Agreement shall not be assigned by the Escrow Agent without the Companys prior written consent.
15. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original, but all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument. Copies, telecopies, facsimiles, electronic files and other reproductions of original executed documents shall be deemed to be authentic and valid counterparts of such original documents for all purposes, including the filing of any claim, action or suit in the appropriate court of law.
16. Headings. The section headings contained in this Agreement are inserted for convenience only, and shall not affect in any way, the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement.
17. Severability. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement among the parties and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements and undertakings of the parties in connection herewith. No failure or delay of the Escrow Agent in exercising any right, power or remedy may be, or may be deemed to be, a waiver thereof; nor may any single or partial exercise of any right, power or remedy preclude any other or further exercise of any right, power or remedy. In the event that any one or more of the provisions contained in this Agreement, shall, for any reason, be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, then to the maximum extent permitted by law, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision of this Agreement.
18. Earnings Allocation; Tax Matters; Patriot Act Compliance. The Company or its agent shall be responsible for all tax reporting under this Escrow Agreement. The Company shall provide to Escrow Agent upon the execution of this Agreement any documentation requested and any information reasonably requested by the Escrow Agent to comply with the USA Patriot Act of 2001, as amended from time to time.
19. Miscellaneous. This Agreement shall not be construed against the party preparing it, and shall be construed without regard to the identity of the person who drafted it or the party who caused it to be drafted and shall be construed as if all parties had jointly prepared this Agreement and it shall be deemed their joint work product, and each and every provision of this Agreement shall be construed as though all of the parties hereto participated equally in the drafting hereof; and any uncertainty or ambiguity shall not be interpreted against any one party. As a result of the foregoing, any rule of construction that a document is to be construed against the drafting party shall not be applicable.
7
20. Termination of the Escrow Agreement. This Escrow Agreement, except for Sections 5 and 9 hereof, which shall continue in effect, shall terminate upon written notice from the Company to the Escrow Agent.
[SIGNATURE PAGES FOLLOW]
8
Company: | ||
FS Investment Corporation | ||
By: |
| |
Name: |
||
Title: |
||
ESCROW AGENT: | ||
UMB BANK, N.A. | ||
By: |
| |
Name: |
||
Title: |
9
EXHIBIT A
ESCROW FEES AND EXPENSES
Acceptance Fee |
||||
Review escrow agreement and establish account |
$ | 3,000.00 | ||
Annual Fee |
||||
Maintain account |
$ | 3,000.00 | ||
Transaction Fees |
||||
(a) per outgoing wire transfer |
$ | 35.00 | ||
(b) per Form 1099 (Int., B or Misc.) |
$ | 10.00 | * | |
(c) per investment purchase, sale or settlement |
$ | 35.00 | ** |
* | Not anticipated to be charged |
** | Excludes money market mutual fund transactions |
Fees specified are for the regular, routine services contemplated by the Escrow Agreement, and any additional or extraordinary services, including, but not limited to disbursements involving a dispute or arbitration, or administration while a dispute, controversy or adverse claim is in existence, will be charged based upon time required at the then standard hourly rate. In addition to the specified fees, all expenses related to the administration of the Escrow Agreement (other than normal overhead expenses of the regular staff) such as, but not limited to, travel, postage, shipping, courier, telephone, facsimile, supplies, legal fees, accounting fees, etc., will be reimbursable. Acceptance and first year annual fees will be payable at the initiation of the escrow and annual fees will be payable in advance thereafter. Other fees and expenses will be billed as incurred.
10
Exhibit (n)(2)
We consent to the use in this Registration Statement (No. 333-149374) on Form N-2 (Amendment No. 2) of FS Investment Corporation of our report dated March 25, 2008, except for paragraph three of Note 5, which is as of June 18, 2008, relating to our audit of the balance sheet, appearing in the Prospectus, which is part of the Registration Statement.
We also consent to the reference to our firm under the captions Experts in such Prospectus.
/s/ McGladrey & Pullen, LLP |
Blue Bell, PA |
June 18, 2008 |
Exhibit (r)
FS INVESTMENT CORPORATION
CODE OF ETHICS
This Code of Ethics has been adopted by the Board of Directors of FS Investment Corporation (the Company) in accordance with Rule 17j-l(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act) and the May 9, 1994 Report of the Advisory Group on Personal Investing by the Investment Company Institute (the Report). Rule 17j-1 generally describes fraudulent or manipulative practices with respect to purchases or sales of securities held or to be acquired by business development companies if effected by access persons of such companies.
The purpose of this Code of Ethics is to reflect the following: (1) the duty at all times to place the interests of shareholders first; (2) the requirement that all personal securities transactions be conducted consistent with the Code of Ethics and in such a manner as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest or any abuse of an individuals position of trust and responsibility; and (3) the fundamental standard that business development company personnel should not take inappropriate advantage of their positions.
SECTION I: STATEMENT OF PURPOSE AND APPLICABILITY
(A) | Statement of Purpose |
It is the policy of the Company that no affiliated person of the Company shall, in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, by such person of any security held or to be acquired by the Company,
(1) | Employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud the Company; |
(2) | Make to the Company any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state to the Company a material fact necessary in order to make the statement made, in light of the circumstances under which it is made, not misleading; |
(3) | Engage in any act, practice, or course of business which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon the Company; or |
(4) | Engage in any manipulative practice with respect to the Company. |
(B) | Scope of the Code |
In order to prevent the Access Persons, as defined in Section II, paragraph (A) below, of the Company from engaging in any of these prohibited acts, practices or courses of business, the Board of Directors of the Company has adopted this Code of Ethics (Code).
Adopted: May __, 2008 |
SECTION II: DEFINITIONS
(A) | Access Person. Access Person means any director, officer, or Advisory Person of the Company. |
(B) | Advisory Person. Advisory Person of the Company means: (i) any director, officer or employee of the Company or of any company in a control relationship to the Company, who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes, participates in, or obtains information regarding the purchase or sale of a Covered Security by the Company, or whose functions relate to the making of any recommendations with respect to such purchases or sales; and (ii) any natural person in a control relationship to the Company who obtains information concerning recommendations made to the Company with regard to the purchase or sale of Covered Security. |
(C) | Beneficial Interest. Beneficial Interest includes any entity, person, trust, or account with respect to which an Access Person exercises investment discretion or provides investment advice. A beneficial interest shall be presumed to include all accounts in the name of or for the benefit of the Access Person, his or her spouse, dependent children, or any person living with him or her or to whom he or she contributes economic support. |
(D) | Beneficial Ownership. Beneficial Ownership shall be determined in accordance with Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act), except that the determination of direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership shall apply to all securities, and not just equity securities, that an Access Person has or acquires. Rule 16a-1(a)(2) provides that the term beneficial owner means any person who, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship, or otherwise, has or shares a direct or indirect pecuniary interest in any equity security. Therefore, an Access Person may be deemed to have Beneficial Ownership of securities held by members of his or her immediate family sharing the same household, or by certain partnerships, trusts, corporations, or other arrangements. |
(E) | Control. Control shall have the same meaning as that set forth in Section 2(a)(9) of the 1940 Act. |
(F) | Covered Security. Covered Security means a security as defined in Section 2(a)(36) of the 1940 Act, except that it does not include (i): direct obligations of the Government of the United States; (ii) bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments including repurchase agreements; and (iii) shares issued by registered open-end investment companies (i.e., mutual funds); however, exchange traded funds structured as unit investment trusts or open-end funds are considered Covered Securities. |
2 | Adopted: May __, 2008 |
(G) | Company. The Company means FS Investment Corporation, a Maryland corporation. |
(H) | Designated Officer. Designated Officer shall mean the officer of the Company designated by the Board of Directors from time to time to be responsible for management of compliance with this Code. The Designated Officer may appoint a designee to carry out certain of his or her functions pursuant to this Code. |
(I) | Disinterested Director. Disinterested Director means a director of the Company who is not an interested person of the Company within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act. |
(J) | Initial Public Offering. Initial Public Offering means an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (the Securities Act), the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. |
(K) | Investment Personnel. Investment Personnel means: (i) any employee of the Company (or of any company in a control relationship to the Company) who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in making recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of securities by the Company; and (ii) any natural person who controls the Company and who obtains information concerning recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of securities by the Company. |
(L) | Limited Offering. Limited Offering means an offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act pursuant to Section 4(2) or Section 4(6) or pursuant to Rule 504, Rule 505 or Rule 506 under the Securities Act. |
(M) | Purchase or Sale of a Covered Security. Purchase or Sale of a Covered Security is broad and includes, among other things, the writing of an option to purchase or sell a covered security, or the use of a derivative product to take a position in a Covered Security. |
3 | Adopted: May __, 2008 |
SECTION III: STANDARDS OF CONDUCT
(A) | General Standards |
(1) | No Access Person shall engage, directly or indirectly, in any business transaction or arrangement for personal profit that is inconsistent with the best interests of the Company or its shareholders; nor shall he or she make use of any confidential information gained by reason of his or her employment by or affiliation with the Company or affiliates thereof in order to derive a personal profit for himself or herself or for any Beneficial Interest, in violation of the fiduciary duty owed to the Company or its shareholders. |
(2) | Any Access Person recommending or authorizing the purchase or sale of a Covered Security by the Company shall, at the time of such recommendation or authorization, disclose any Beneficial Interest in, or Beneficial Ownership of, such Covered Security or the issuer thereof. |
(3) | No Access Person shall dispense any information concerning securities holdings or securities transactions of the Company to anyone outside the Company, without obtaining prior written approval from the Designated Officer, or such person or persons as these individuals may designate to act on their behalf. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, such Access Person may dispense such information without obtaining prior written approval: |
(a) | when there is a public report containing the same information; |
(b) | when such information is dispensed in accordance with compliance procedures established to prevent conflicts of interest between the Company and its affiliates; |
(c) | when such information is reported to directors of the Company; or |
(d) | in the ordinary course of his or her duties on behalf of the Company. |
(4) | All personal securities transactions should be conducted consistent with this Code and in such a manner as to avoid actual or potential conflicts of interest, the appearance of a conflict of interest, or any abuse of an individuals position of trust and responsibility within the Company. |
4 | Adopted: May __, 2008 |
(B) | Prohibited Transactions |
(1) | General Prohibition. No Access Person shall purchase or sell, directly or indirectly, any Covered Security in which he or she has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership and which such Access Person knows or should have known at the time of such purchase or sale is being considered for purchase or sale by the Company, or is held in the portfolio of the Company unless such Access Person shall have obtained prior written approval for such purpose from the Designated Officer. |
(a) | An Access Person who becomes aware that the Company is considering the purchase or sale of any Covered Security by any person (an issuer) must immediately notify the Designated Officer of any interest that such Access Person may have in any outstanding Covered Securities of that issuer. |
(b) | An Access Person shall similarly notify the Designated Officer of any other interest or connection that such Access Person might have in or with such issuer. |
(c) | Once an Access Person becomes aware that the Company is considering the purchase or sale of a Covered Security or that the Company holds a Covered Security in its portfolio, such Access Person may not engage, without prior approval of the Designated Officer, in any transaction in any Covered Securities of that issuer. |
(d) | The foregoing notifications or permission may be provided verbally, but should be confirmed in writing as soon and with as much detail as possible. |
(2) | Initial Public Offerings and Limited Offerings. Investment Personnel of the Company must obtain approval from the Company before directly or indirectly acquiring beneficial ownership in any securities in an Initial Public Offering or in a Limited Offering. |
(3) | Blackout Periods. No Investment Personnel shall execute a securities transaction in any security that the Company owns or is considering for purchase or sale. |
(4) | Company Acquisition of Shares in Companies that Investment Personnel Hold Through Limited Offerings. Investment Personnel who have been authorized to acquire securities in a Limited Offering must disclose that investment to the Designated Officer when they are involved in the Companys subsequent consideration of an investment in the issuer, and the Companys decision to purchase such securities must be independently reviewed by Investment Personnel with no personal interest in that issuer. |
5 | Adopted: May __, 2008 |
(5) | Gifts. No Access Person may accept, directly or indirectly, any gift, favor, or service of more than a de minimis value from any person with whom he or she transacts business on behalf of the Company under circumstances when to do so would conflict with the Companys best interests or would impair the ability of such person to be completely disinterested when required, in the course of business, to make judgments and/or recommendations on behalf of the Company. |
(6) | Service as Director. No Access Person shall serve on the board of directors of a portfolio company of the Company without prior written authorization of the Designated Officer based upon a determination that the board service would be consistent with the interests of the Company and its shareholders. |
SECTION IV: PROCEDURES TO IMPLEMENT CODE OF ETHICS
The following reporting procedures have been established to assist Access Persons in avoiding a violation of this Code, and to assist the Company in preventing, detecting, and imposing sanctions for violations of this Code. Every Access Person must follow these procedures. Questions regarding these procedures should be directed to the Designated Officer.
(A) | Applicability |
All Access Persons are subject to the reporting requirements set forth in Section IV(B) except:
(1) | with respect to transactions effected for, and Covered Securities held in, any account over which the Access Person has no direct or indirect influence or control; |
(2) | a Disinterested Director, who would be required to make a report solely by reason of being a Director, need not make: (1) an initial holdings or an annual holdings report; and (2) a quarterly transaction report, unless the Disinterested Director knew or, in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her official duties as a Director, should have known that during the 15-day period immediately before or after such Disinterested Directors transaction in a Covered Security, the Company purchased or sold the Covered Security, or the Company or its investment adviser considered purchasing or selling the Covered Security. |
6 | Adopted: May __, 2008 |
(3) | an Access Person need not make a quarterly transaction report if the report would duplicate information contained in broker trade confirmations or account statements received by the Company with respect to the Access Person in the time required by subsection (B)(2) of this Section IV, if all of the information required by subsection (B)(2) of this Section IV is contained in the broker trade confirmations or account statements, or in the records of the Company, as specified in subsection (B)(4) of this Section IV. |
(B) | Report Types |
(1) | Initial Holdings Report. An Access Person must file an initial report not later than 10 days after that person became an Access Person. The initial report must: (a) contain the title, number of shares and principal amount of each Covered Security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership when the person became an Access Person; (b) identify any broker, dealer or bank with whom the Access Person maintained an account in which any Covered Securities were held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person as of the date the person became an Access Person; and (c) indicate the date that the report is filed with the Designated Person. A copy of a form of such report is attached hereto as Exhibit B. |
(2) | Quarterly Transaction Report. An Access Person must file a quarterly transaction report not later than 30 days after the end of a calendar quarter. |
(a) | With respect to any transaction made during the reporting quarter in a Covered Security in which such Access Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership, the quarterly transaction report must contain: (i) the transaction date, title, interest date and maturity date (if applicable), the number of shares and the principal amount of each Covered Security; (ii) the nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition); (iii) the price of the Covered Security at which the transaction was effected; (iv) the name of the broker, dealer or bank through which the transaction was effected; and (v) the date that the report is submitted by the Access Person. A copy of a form of such report is attached hereto as Exhibit C. |
(b) | With respect to any account established by the Access Person in which any securities were held during the quarter for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person, the quarterly transaction report must contain: (i) the name of the broker, dealer or bank with whom the Access Person established the account; (ii) the date the account was established; and (iii) the date that the report is submitted by the Access Person. |
7 | Adopted: May __, 2008 |
(3) | Annual Holdings Report. An Access Person must file an annual holdings report not later than 30 days after the end of a fiscal year. The annual report must contain the following information (which information must be current as of a date no more than 45 days before the report is submitted): (a) the title, number of shares, and principal amount of each Covered Security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership; (b) the name of any broker, dealer or bank in which any Covered Securities are held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person; and (c) the date the report is submitted. A copy of a form of such report is attached hereto as Exhibit D. |
(4) | Account Statements. In lieu of providing a quarterly transaction report, an Access Person may direct his or her broker to provide to the Designated Officer copies of periodic statements for all investment accounts in which they have Beneficial Ownership that provide the information required in quarterly transaction reports, as set forth above. |
(5) | Company Reports. No less frequently than annually, the Company must furnish to the Board, and the Board must consider, a written report that: |
(a) | describes any issues arising under the Code or procedures since the last report to the Board, including but not limited to, information about material violations of the code or procedures and sanctions imposed in response to the material violations; and |
(b) | certifies that the Company has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent Access Persons from violating the Code. |
(C) | Disclaimer of Beneficial Ownership. Any report required under this Section IV may contain a statement that the report shall not be construed as an admission by the person submitting such duplicate confirmation or account statement or making such report that he or she has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the Covered Security to which the report relates. |
(D) | Review of Reports. The reports required to be submitted under this Section IV shall be delivered to the Designated Officer. The Designated Officer shall review such reports to determine whether any transactions recorded therein constitute a violation of the Code. Before making any determination that a violation has been committed by any Access Person, such Access Person shall be given an opportunity to supply additional explanatory material. The Designated Officer shall maintain copies of the reports as required by Rule 17j-1(f). |
8 | Adopted: May __, 2008 |
(E) | Acknowledgment and Certification. Upon becoming an Access Person and annually thereafter, all Access Persons shall sign an acknowledgment and certification of their receipt of and intent to comply with this Code in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A and return it to the Designated Officer. Each Access Person must also certify annually that he or she has read and understands the Code and recognizes that he or she is subject to the Code. In addition, each access person must certify annually that he or she has complied with the requirements of the Code and that he or she has disclosed or reported all personal securities transactions required to be disclosed or reported pursuant to the requirements of the Code. |
(F) | Records. The Company shall maintain records with respect to this Code in the manner and to the extent set forth below, which records may be maintained on microfilm or electronic storage media under the conditions described in Rule 31a-2(f) under the 1940 Act and shall be available for examination by representatives of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC): |
(1) | A copy of this Code and any other code of ethics of the Company that is, or at any time within the past five years has been, in effect shall be maintained in an easily accessible place; |
(2) | A record of any violation of this Code and of any action taken as a result of such violation shall be maintained in an easily accessible place for a period of not less than five years following the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurs; |
(3) | A copy of each report made by an Access Person or duplicate account statement received pursuant to this Code, including any information provided in lieu of the reports under subsection (A)(3) of this Section IV shall be maintained for a period of not less than five years from the end of the fiscal year in which it is made or the information is provided, the first two years in an easily accessible place; |
(4) | A record of all persons who are, or within the past five years have been, required to make reports pursuant to this Code, or who are or were responsible for reviewing these reports, shall be maintained in an easily accessible place; |
(5) | A copy of each report required under subsection (B)(5) of this Section IV shall be maintained for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which it is made, the first two years in an easily accessible place; and |
(6) | A record of any decision, and the reasons supporting the decision, to approve the direct or indirect acquisition by an Access Person of beneficial ownership in any securities in an Initial Public Offering or Limited Offering shall be maintained for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the approval is granted. |
9 | Adopted: May __, 2008 |
(G) | Obligation to Report a Violation. Every Access Person who becomes aware of a violation of this Code by any person must report it to the Designated Officer, who shall report it to appropriate management personnel. The management personnel will take such disciplinary action that they consider appropriate under the circumstances. In the case of officers or other employees of the Company, such action may include removal from office. If the management personnel consider disciplinary action against any person, they will cause notice thereof to be given to that person and provide to that person the opportunity to be heard. The Board will be notified, in a timely manner, of remedial action taken with respect to violations of the Code. |
(H) | Confidentiality. All reports of Covered Securities transactions, duplicate confirmations, account statements and other information filed with the Company or furnished to any person pursuant to this Code shall be treated as confidential, but are subject to review as provided herein and by representatives of the SEC or otherwise to comply with applicable law or the order of a court of competent jurisdiction. |
SECTION V: SANCTIONS
Upon determination that a violation of this Code has occurred, appropriate management personnel of the Company may impose such sanctions as they deem appropriate, including, among other things, disgorgement of profits, a letter of censure or suspension or termination of the employment of the violator. All violations of this Code and any sanctions imposed with respect thereto shall be reported in a timely manner to the Board of Directors of the Company.
SECTION VI: AMENDMENTS
This Code may be amended from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors, or without a resolution of the Board of Directors to the extent the approval of such amendment is not required under the 1940 Act.
10 | Adopted: May __, 2008 |
EXHIBIT A
ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND CERTIFICATION
I acknowledge receipt of the Code of Ethics of FS Investment Corporation. I have read and understand such Code of Ethics and agree to be governed by it at all times. Further, if I have been subject to the Code of Ethics during the preceding year, I certify that I have complied with the requirements of the Code of Ethics and have disclosed or reported all personal securities transactions required to be disclosed or reported pursuant to the requirements of the Code of Ethics.
(signature) |
(please print name) |
Date:
11 | Adopted: May __, 2008 |
EXHIBIT B
INITIAL HOLDINGS REPORT
Name | Date |
NAME OF ISSUER |
NUMBER OF SHARES | PRINCIPAL AMOUNT | ||
I certify that the foregoing is a complete and accurate list of all securities in which I have any Beneficial Ownership.
Signature |
12 | Adopted: May __, 2008 |
EXHIBIT C
QUARTERLY TRANSACTION REPORT
Name | Date |
DATE |
NAME OF ISSUER |
NUMBER OF SHARES |
INTEREST DATE |
MATURITY DATE |
PRINCIPAL AMOUNT |
TYPE OF TRANSACTION |
NAME OF BROKER/ DEALER/ BANK | |||||||
I certify that the foregoing is a complete and accurate list of all transactions for the covered period in securities in which I have any Beneficial Ownership.
Signature |
13 | Adopted: May __, 2008 |
EXHIBIT D
ANNUAL HOLDINGS REPORT
Name | Date |
NAME OF ISSUER |
NUMBER OF SHARES |
PRINCIPAL AMOUNT |
NAME OF BROKER/ DEALER/ BANK | |||
I certify that the foregoing is a complete and accurate list of all securities in which I have any Beneficial Ownership.
Signature |
14 | Adopted: May __, 2008 |
EXHIBIT E
PERSONAL SECURITIES ACCOUNT INFORMATION
Name | Date |
SECURITIES FIRM NAME AND ADDRESS |
ACCOUNT NUMBER | ACCOUNT NAME(S) | ||
I certify that the foregoing is a complete and accurate list of all securities accounts in which I have any Beneficial Ownership.
Signature |
15 | Adopted: May __, 2008 |